Hhcy对缺血性脑卒中患者再发缺血性血管事件及相关死亡事件的影响

目的探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhom ocysteinemia,Hhcy)对缺血性卒中(IS)患者再发、死亡及冠状动脉和外周动脉缺血性事件发生的影响,为进一步对缺血性血管病的综合干预提供依据。方法检测245例IS患者空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,并参照同期选取的52例健康体检者为对照者按血浆Hcy水平将其分为Hhcy组和非Hhcy组,追踪观察两组患者IS再发、死亡及冠状动脉和外周动脉缺血事件的发生情况。结果其中Hhcy组IS再发率(52.63%)显著高于非Hhcy组(24.67%)(P<0.01);死亡事件发生率(12.63%)亦显著高于非Hhcy组(3.33%)(P<0.01);冠脉缺血事件发生率(18.95%)明显高于非Hhcy组(10.00%)(P<0.05);外周动脉缺血事件发生率两组分别为5.26%和2.67%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);并发2种以上缺血性事件的患者Hhcy组(17.89%)显著多于非Hhcy组(5.33%)(P<0.01);Hhcy组患者5年内缺血性血管事件发生率(57.89%)显著高于非Hhcy组(32.00%)(P<0.01);Logistic回归分析发现,Hcy升高是IS患者缺血性血管事件再发的独立危险因素(OR分别为1.174;95%CI1.119~1.233;P<0.05)。结论 Hhcy与IS患者缺血性血管事件再发及死亡预后密切相关。     

B族维生素干预高同型半胱氨酸血症在缺血性卒中二级预防中的效果评价

目的评价B族维生素干预Hhcy在IS二级预防中的效果,为IS的二级预防提供更多的临床证据。方法 141例符合试验条件的汉族男性IS患者,随机纳入安慰剂对照组（在常规治疗的基础上添加安慰剂）或维生素干预组（在常规治疗的基础之上添加叶酸5mg/d＋维生素B620mg/d＋甲钴胺1.0mg/d）,检测入组后4周和6月时的血浆Hcy水平,同时追踪观察2组患者2a内IS再发及IS相关性死亡事件发生的情况。结果在入组后4周和6月时,维生素干预组的血浆Hcy水平明显低于安慰剂对照组（P〈0.01）;至2a随访期末,安慰剂对照组与维生素干预组IS的再发率分别为25.00%和8.82%（P〈0.05）,其中TIA的再发率分别为8.33%和2.94%（P〉0.05）,脑梗死的再发率分别为16.67%和5.88%（P〉0.05）;安慰剂对照组与维生素干预组IS相关性死亡事件的发生率分别为3.33%和1.47%（P〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示B族维生素干预Hhcy是IS再发的独立保护因素（OR=0.258,P〈0.05）。结论 B族维生素干预能有效降低合并Hhcy的汉族老年男性IS患者的血浆Hcy水平及IS的再发风险。     

胱硫醚β合酶基因突变对中青年缺血性卒中/TIA再发影响的随访研究

目的 研究胱硫醚β合酶(CBS)基因T833C突变对中青年缺血性卒中/TIA再发的影响.方法 对中青年缺血性卒中/TIA患者,采用高压液相色谱法测定血浆总同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平,采用扩增阻滞突变体系法(PCR-ARMS)技术检测CBS T833C基因型,跟踪观察5年内中青年缺血性卒中/TIA的后发事件.结果 再发组CBS基因C/C、C/T型和C等位基因频率分别高于非再发组(P<0.05),两组不同基因型血浆tHcy水平比较,再发组中C/C型分别高于C/T和T/T型,C/T高于T/T型(P<0.01);非再发组中C/C和C/T型分别高于T/T型(P<0.01);相同C/T型血浆tHcy水平比较,再发组高于非再发组(P<0.01).结论 CBS T833C基因突变可能是引起高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)间接导致中青年缺血性卒中/TIA患者再发的重要遗传危险因素.     

高同型半胱氨酸血症致脑梗死病例特点研究

目的探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死患者病例特点,为进一步对脑梗死的综合干预提供依据。方法对90例脑梗死患者根据血浆同型半胱氨酸水平分为高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死组(Hhcy脑梗死组)60例及同型半胱氨酸正常脑梗死组(nHcy脑梗死组)30例,将其临床特点、血脂水平、血浆纤维蛋白原水平及影像学特点进行回顾性分析。结果 Hhcy脑梗死组患者中男性、吸烟及饮酒者均多于nhcy脑梗死组,血浆Hcy及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平高于nhcy脑梗死组,并且均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示Hcy水平与性别相关(r=0.257,P=0.015)。Hhcy脑梗死组病情进展患者比例、复发性脑梗死患者比例、病灶多发者比例均高于nhcy脑梗死组(P<0.05);两组神经功能缺损程度、梗死面积无差别。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死发病以男性多见,临床上病情容易进展,脑血管事件再发风险高,影像学上以多发梗死病灶多见。血浆同型半胱氨酸增高对于神经功能缺损程度、脑梗死面积无明显影响。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与脑卒中患者关系的临床分析

目的 探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症与脑卒中的关系.方法 测定96例颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者和79例健康对照者空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),以对照组Hcy检测结果将患者分为Hcy(Hcy升高)组和非Hcy(Hcy正常)组.结果 Hcy组脑卒中发生率显著高于非Hcy组(63.78%、42.36%,P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示,Hcy是脑卒中危险事件发生的独立危险因素(P<0.01),呈正相关系.结论 提示血清Hcy水平变化可为急性脑梗死的疗效观察及其预后的判断提供新的依据.     

急性脑梗死合并高同型半胱氨酸血症患者阿司匹林抵抗及相关因素分析

目的观察急性脑梗死(ACI)患者合并高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)阿司匹林抵抗(AR)发生情况及相关因素。方法 2014年9月—2015年12月本院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死(ACI)患者146例为研究对象,根据同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平分为两组:Hhcy组(观察组)78例,非Hhcy组(对照组)68例,入院后两组均服阿司匹林100mg.d~(-1),连服1个月后,检测血常规、凝血常规和血小板聚集率,进行阿司匹林的疗效评价,AR定义为花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集率≥20%。结果 Hhcy组AR发生率为21.8%,明显高于非Hhcy组8.8%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,Hhcy是发生AR的独立危险因素(β=-0.58,P0.01)。结论 ACI患者合并Hhcy的AR发生率明显增加,Hhcy是ACI患者发生AR的重要危险因素。临床工作中应给予充分重视,积极检测血清Hcy水平,积极监测血小板聚集率,预测AR,避免或延缓血栓性疾病的发生。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与脑梗死复发的关系

目的探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)与脑梗死复发的关系。方法按血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,将139例急性脑梗死患者分为Hhcy组(42例,血Hcy≥15μmol/L)和非Hhcy(NHhcy)组(97例,血Hcy<15μmol/L)。给予入组者抗血小板治疗,以及控制已知的脑血管病危险因素等治疗;随访5年,观察两组脑梗死复发率及死亡率,分析影响脑梗死复发的危险因素。结果 Hhcy组脑梗死复发率(38.1%)和死亡率(19.0%)明显高于NHhcy组(15.5%,6.1%)(P<0.05～0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死复发与Hhcy(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.051～1.171,P<0.01)及糖尿病(OR=4.816,95%CI:1.693～13.697,P<0.01)有关。结论 Hhcy是脑梗死复发的独立危险因素之一。     

牛磺酸对高同型半胱氨酸血症脑梗死患者的治疗作用

目的探讨牛磺酸对伴有高同型半胱氨酸(Hhcy)血症的脑梗死患者的治疗作用。方法100例Hhcy脑梗死患者随机分为牛磺酸治疗组和叶酸 维生素治疗组,给予相应的药物治疗8周。治疗前后分别测定血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸、维生素B12水平;采用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分量表(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力指数(BI)进行评分。结果治疗后两组血浆Hcy水平较治疗前显著下降(均P<0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义;治疗后两组NIHSS及BI评分较治疗前显著改善(均P<0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义。结论牛磺酸治疗对Hhcy脑梗死患者的疗效与叶酸、维生素B12相同。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与TIA患者责任血管病变程度的关系

目的 探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)与颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者责任血管病变程度的关系,进而为动脉硬化及TIA患者的治疗提供新的理论依据.方法 测定119例颈内动脉系统TIA患者和52例健康对照者空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),以经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查对患者责任血管状况进行评价,并以对照组Hcy检测结果将患者分为Hhcy组和非Hhcy组进行研究.结果 Hhcy组患者责任血管病变较非Hhcy组明显,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002),经Ordinal回归分析,显示Hhcy是TIA患者责任血管病变的独立危险因素(P<0.01),优势比为4.707(95%CI:1.992-11.123).结论 Hhcy与TIA患者责任血管病变密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the possible relationship of hyperhomocysteinemia and the lesion degree of relative arteries in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) of internal carotid artery system in hope for finding a new theoretical evidence for the therapy of artery atherosclerosis and TIA. Methods We determined the free plasma homocysteine (Hcy) of 119 patients with internal carotid artery system TIA and 52 age-and gender-matched healthy controls by high-per-formance liquid chromatography, and assessed the relative arteries of patients by transcranial Doppler sonography. And we divided the patients into hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) group and non-hyperhomocysteinemia (Nhhcy) group according to the outcomes, then we researched the lesion degree of relative arteries of the groups. Results There was statistical deference in the lesion degree of relative arteries between Hhcy and Nhhcy group. By Ordinal regression analysis,we found that Hhcy was an independent risk factor for the artery lesion of TIA patients ( P < 0.01 ;OR = 4. 707 ;95 % CI : 1. 992-11. 123 ).Conclusion Hhcy might be closely correlated with the relative artery lesion in TIA patients.     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈部动脉粥样硬化患者脑梗死复发的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化患者复发性脑梗死的关系。方法颈动脉粥样硬化患者160例,根据脑梗死发生次数,分为脑梗死复发组52例,脑梗死初发组54例,无脑梗死或脑出血对照组54例;检测并比较各组血浆Hcy的水平及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块类型。结果脑梗死复发组及初发组血浆Hcy水平和高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),脑梗死复发组血浆Hcy水平和HHcy发生率亦显著高于脑梗死初发组(P<0.05);脑梗死复发组易损斑块发生率显著高于脑梗死初发组(88.5%比64.8%,P<0.05);脑梗死组检出易损斑块患者的血浆Hcy水平显著高于硬斑块患者[(28.96±7.01)μmol/L比(23.56±6.98)μmol/L,P<0.05]。结论血浆Hcy水平与颈动脉粥样硬化患者易损斑块的形成及脑梗死的复发可能相关。     

Experimental studies on the hemitrichosis and the nervous influences on the hair growth

Summary In patients with chest disease or after thoracic surgery, the body hair on diseased or operated side was often richer, but rarely poorer, in relation with the other side. Such a asymmetrical hair growth was termed hemitrichosis. The hemitrichosis could be experimentally produced on dogs by unilateral excision of skin strip of the back followed by the suture of the wound, or by momentary opening the thorax cavity or by chronic stimulation of pleura.The hair growth of the back of dogs is suppressed by the section of the cutaneous nerve, and posterior root. The section of the anterior root has little effect on the hair growth.It is suggested that the hemitrichotic reaction is a reflex phenomenon caused by chronic stimulation of skin or pleura. The pathway of it may be supposed as follows: Afferent fibers may ascend in the cutaneous and visceral sensory nerves and in the posterior root to the spinal cord. Efferent fibers may descend in the posterior root, and most of them in the cutaneous nerve and a part in the nerves coiled round the blood vessel, to the hair follicles. Reflex center is not clarified.Sympathetic system seems to have an intimate relation to the hair growth, but its significance has not yet been ascert ained.

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Zusammenfassung Bei Thoraxkranken oder daselbst Operierten kann man einen asymmetrischen Haarwuchs beobachten. Dieser ist an der erkrankten oder operierten Seite oft dichter, selten schütterer als an der Gegenseite. Dieser asymmetrische Haarwuchs wird Hemitrichose genannt.Durch einseitige Streifenresektion und Zunähen der Rückenhaut kann die Hemitrichose am Hund experimentell ausgelöst werden. Chronische Reize auf die Pleura oder plötzliches Eröffnen des Thorax können ebenfalls Hemitrichose verursachen.Durchschneiden der Hautnerven oder der hinteren Wurzeln verhindert beim Hund den Haarwuchs am Rücken. Durchtrennung der vorderen Wurzel hat wenig Einfluß auf die Haarentwicklung.Wir stellen uns vor, daß die hemitrichotische Reaktion eine Reflexerscheinung ist, die von langdauernden Reizen auf die Haut, die Pleura und andere Organe hervorgerufen wird. Die afferente Bahn dürfte durch die sensiblen Hautnerven und die hinteren Wurzeln aufsteigen, die efferente durch die hinternn Wurzeln und dann vornehmlich durch die Hautnerven teils durch die die Blutgefäße begleitenden vegetativen Nervenfasern zur Haut gelangen. Das Reflexzentrum ist noch unbekannt.Das sympathische System scheint zu dem Haarwuchs enge Beziehung zu haben, aber seine funktionelle Bedeutung ist noch nicht geklärt.

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Résumé Chez des personnes avec une maladie ou une opération thoracale on peut constater une pousse de cheveux asymétrique. Celle-ci est parfois plus dense, mais rarement clairsemée sur la partie thoracale affligée ou opérée. Cette pousse de cheveux asymétrique fut nommée hemitrichose.Par résection lamellée unilatérale et suture de la peau dorsale l'hémitrichose peut être démontrée expérimentalement chez le chien. Aussi des irrtations chroniques unilatérales de la plèvre peuvent évoquer une hémitrichose.La séction des nerfs cutanés et de la racine dorsale empèche chez le chien la pousse de cheveux thoracales et de la racine dorsale empèche chez le chien la pousse de cheveux thoracales. La séction de la racine antérieure a peu d'influence sur la pousse de cheveux.Nous croyons que la réaction hémitrichotique est une action réflexe, laquelle est provoquée par des irritations de longue durée sur la peau, la plèvre et sur d'autres organes. La voie afférente est peut Être représentée par les nerfs sensitifs de la peau et les racines postérieures, la voie efférante gagne probablement par les racines postérieures et surtout par les nerfs de la peau, partiellement par les nerfs végétatifs des vaisseaux sanguins de la peau. Le centre-réflexe est encore unconnu.Le système nerveux sympathiques semble avoir une connexion étroite à la pousse de cheveux, mais son importance fonctionelle n'est pas encore vérifiée.

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With 16 Figures     

Update on the language disorders of individuals on the autistic spectrum

Inadequate language is a defining feature of the autism spectrum disorders (autism). Autism is a behaviorally and dimensionally defined developmental disorder of the immature brain that has a broad range of severity and many etiologies, with multiple genes involved. Early studies, which focused on the language of verbal children on the autistic spectrum, emphasized aberrant features of their speech such as unusual word choices, pronoun reversal, echolalia, incoherent discourse, unresponsiveness to questions, aberrant prosody, and lack of drive to communicate. Persistent lack of speech of some individuals was attributed to the severity of their autism and attendant mental retardation rather than possible inability to decode auditory language. Clinical study of unselected children with autism indicated that the language deficits of preschoolers fall into two broad types, perhaps with subtypes, those that involve reception and production of phonology (sounds of speech) and syntax (grammar), and those that do not but involve semantics (meaning) and pragmatics (communicative use of language, processing, and production of discourse). Except for the preschoolers' universally deficient pragmatics and comprehension of speech, many of their language deficits parallel those of non-autistic preschoolers with developmental language disorders. There is now biological support for the clinical observation that young autistic children are language disordered as well as autistic. Recent electrophysiological studies disclose auditory input abnormalities in lateral temporal cortex even in verbal individuals on the autistic spectrum. Severe receptive deficits for phonology enhance the risk for epilepsy. Genetic studies indicate that linkage to chromosome 7q31-33 is limited to families with evidence for phonologic impairment as well as autism. Clearly, social and cognitive disorders alone provide an inadequate explanation for the range of language deficits in autism.     

Studies on the prothrombin--complex

According to the theory of Seegers the clotting factors VII, IX, and X may generate from prothrombin during blood coagulation or purification procedures. For testing of this hypothesis prothrombin and the factors VII, IX and X were separated by BaSO₄ absorption and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography from blood with and without addition of protease inhibitors DFP or heparin-SBTI-benzamidine. The formation of thrombin and factors IXa and Xa was impeded by the inhibitors, whereas the factors II, VII, IX, and X were found in the same position whether inhibitors were present during the separation procedure or not. It is concluded that these factors exist in native blood as separate entities.