Distribution of Facial Exposure to Non-melanoma Biologically Effective UV Irradiance Changes by Rotation Angles

Objective To show the distribution of facial exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV irradiance changes by rotation angles.Methods This study selected the cheek,nose,and forehead as representative facial sites for UV irradiance measurements,which were performed using a rotating manikin and a spectroradiometer.The measured UV irradiance was weighted using action spectra to calculate the biologically effective UV irradiances that cause non-melanoma(UVBE_(non-mel))skin cancer.The biologically effective UV radiant exposure(HBE_(non-mel))was calculated by summing the UVBE_(non-mel) data collected over the exposure period.Results This study revealed the following:(1)the maximum cheek,nose and forehead exposure UVA and UVB irradiance times and solar elevation angles(SEA)differed from those of the ambient UV irradiance and were influenced by the rotation angles;(2)the UV irradiance exposure increased in the following order:cheeknoseforehead;(3)the distribution of UVBE_(non-mel) irradiance differed from that of unweighted UV radiation(UVR)and was influenced by the rotation angles and exposure times;and(4)the maximum percentage decreases in the UVBE_(non-mel) radiant exposure for the cheek,nose and forehead from 0°to 180°were 48.41%,69.48% and 71.71%,respectively.Conclusion Rotation angles relative to the sun influence the face’s exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV.     

核黄素的光降解及维生素C对核黄素的保护效应

目的调查核黄素的光降解及维生素C对核黄素的保护作用。方法用荧光光谱仪记录待测液体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱并通过光谱分析来研究核黄素的光降解过程。结果核黄素吸收紫外和蓝色光。其吸收光谱在223nm、267nm、374nm、445nm处有4个峰值。在445nm处峰值随光照的时间的增加而不断降低。当加入维生素C时降低速度有所减缓。当用375nm光激励时,其荧光光谱分别在460nm和528nm处出现随光照时间的不断增加而降低的两个峰值。结论紫外和蓝色光可使核黄素发生光降解,维生素C在一定程度上可以降低它的降解程度。     

Formation of DNA Strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Rats After Exposure to Natural Sunlight

Objective This paper aims to evaluate the genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats after exposure to sunlight at different time points of day in a tropical region of Brazil (5°S,42°W).Materials and Methods Thirty Wistar-Hannover rats,three months old,were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each:Group Ⅰ [control,without exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation],Group Ⅱ (exposed to sunlight during 08:00 a.m.to 10:00 a.m.),and Group Ⅲ (exposed to sunlight during 10:00 a.m.to 12:00 a.m.).After a week of exposure,peripheral blood samples were taken from the tail of these animals to prepare smears on two slides per animal.In 24 h after exposure to sunlight in Group Ⅲ,a new collection was obtained to observe the repair activity.The alkaline comet assay was used in this study to evaluate the genotoxic activity of sunlight (P＜0.05).Results There was no statistical difference between Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P=0.672).On the other hand,the exposure to sunlight in Group Ⅲ showed genotoxic action in comparison to the other groups (P＜0.0001).Also,there was no significant repair in Group Ⅲ R (P=0.407).Conclusion This study has shown a genotoxic potential of sunlight (UVA-B) in lymphocytes of mammals from 10:00 a.m.to 12:00 a.m.,due to a higher intensity of UV in this tropical region.     

基于软组织体表标志的眶上孔和眶下孔定位

目的：利用目内眦、目外眦对眶上孔及眶下孔进行定位研究,为颅面外科、口腔外科和整形外科等外科手术和麻醉提供眶上孔及眶下孔的体表定位数据。方法：20具成人甲醛固定尸体（其中男性16具、女性4具,共40侧）解剖暴露眶上孔和眶下孔,利用直接测量（利用游标卡尺测量、量角器）和间接测量（摄影后利用软件进行分析测量）的方法确定眶上孔和眶下孔的位置,对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果：眶上孔、眶下孔到目内眦最内侧的水平距离与目内、外眦间距比值的95%可信区间分别为（0.22,0.31）和（0.34,0.49）,且此二者呈正相关关系,推导所得直线回归方程分别为EF=0.58CF+25.02（单位：mm）和EF=0.51DG+24.20（单位：mm）。眶上孔、眶下孔到目内、外眦的垂直距离分别为(25.09±3.36)mm、(23.91±3.31)mm、(25.75±3.34)mm和(26.93±3.88)mm。眶上孔、眶下孔与目内、外眦连线的夹角分别为72.54°±7.13°、66.77°±5.17°、47.45°±6.57°和54.69°±8.38°。眶上孔与目内、外眦连线中点垂线的夹角为12.78°±6.82°。结论： 眶上孔、眶下孔到目内眦最内侧的水平距离与目内、外眦间距有线性相关关系,可以根据研究结果对不同个体计算不同的定位区间。     

复方水蛭滴眼液对紫外线诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的探讨复方水蛭滴眼液(SZ)防护紫外线(ultraviolet,UV)照射诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞(HLEC)凋亡的作用。方法采用SZ与HLEC共同孵育,以吡喏克辛滴眼液(PS)作为阳性对照,再用UV照射HLEC后,观察SZ对紫外线照射的HLEC凋亡的影响。结果 UV照射后组织结构改变,电镜显示出现凋亡和坏死,流式细胞仪检查出现凋亡二倍体峰。SZ可改善UV照射后细胞凋亡的形态学改变以及提高细胞内DNA含量。结论 UV照射可引起HLEC凋亡,SZ可减轻HLEC凋亡的形态学改变,提高HLEC核内DNA含量,从而起到防护UV诱导的HLEC凋亡的作用。     

紫外线对人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的诱导及Bcl-2,Bax基因的影响

目的:研究紫外线照射体外培养人晶状体上皮细胞(human lens epithelial cell,HLEC)对凋亡的诱导、凋亡调控基因(Bax,Bcl-2)表达的变化,探讨紫外线诱导HLEC凋亡的机制。方法:以实验室培养的HLEC细胞株为研究模型,采用同一紫外线光源对HLEC进行照射。按紫外线照射时间将HLEC分为0,5,10,15及30 min组。采用Annexin V+PI双染流式细胞计数对HLEC凋亡进行检测,用原位杂交的方法检测各组Bax,Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。结果:随紫外线照射时间的延长HLEC凋亡率增加,Bcl-2阳性细胞率逐渐降低;而Bax阳性细胞率逐渐增加。HLEC凋亡率与Bcl-2和Bax的比率呈负相关(r=-0.874,P<0.05)。结论:紫外线照射可诱导HLEC凋亡,Bax和Bcl-2可能参与了紫外线诱导的HLEC凋亡的基因调控过程。     

聚(间乙炔基-甲基氢苯基硅烷)树脂的合成及其耐热性能

以二氯甲基硅烷和间二乙炔基苯为原料,通过有机镁格氏试剂与卤代硅烷的缩合反应,合成得到了一种新结构的聚(间乙炔基 甲基氢苯基硅烷)树脂（PCS）。采用FT-IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和GPC对树脂的结构进行了表征,采用DSC和TGA对树脂的固化反应和热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明：PCS树脂在 160 °C及 240 °C处有固化反应放热峰;其固化产物具有优异的耐热及耐热氧化性能,在氮气与空气氛围下质量损失5%的温度（Td5）分别为644、595 °C,而1 000 °C的质量保留率分别为 89.0%、57.9%。     

宁夏川区春、夏季中波紫外线辐射的特征分析

目的 初步探讨宁夏川区中波紫外线（UVB）辐射的变化特征。方法 利用2004年2月至7月在宁夏川区用UV-B紫外辐射计进行的中波紫外线辐射监测资料进行统计、分析。结果 ①宁夏川区UVB辐射具有夏季高、春季低的特点;②到达地面的太阳UVB辐射强度银南〉银川〉银北;③宁夏川区UVB辐射具有明显的日变化,中午高,早晚低,日最高值出现在午后13时左右;④太阳UVB辐射强度在夏季最高可达5．33W／m^2。结论 宁夏川区中波紫外线辐射呈明显的季节、日变化特征。     

螺旋CT后处理技术在婴幼儿鼻泪管测量中的应用

目的：应用螺旋CT后处理技术探讨正常婴幼儿鼻泪管的解剖学特征。方法：对27例因不同原因行眼鼻部CT扫描患儿的资料进行回顾性分析,采用多层面重建法（MPR）及表面遮盖法（SSD）对骨性鼻泪管进行图像后处理,测量骨性鼻泪管长度及鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面、水平切面、冠状切面投影的夹角等解剖学数据。结果：27例（54侧）的鼻泪管三维立体形态显示良好,可从各个角度完整显示;婴幼儿骨性鼻泪管长度为（10．06±1．76）mm;婴幼儿鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面投影的夹角为7．96°±1．62°,与水平切面投影的夹角为73．24°±6．75°,与冠状切面投影的夹角为12．31±2．03。结论：螺旋CT后处理技术是测量婴幼儿鼻泪管解剖学数据的一种有效方法,对婴幼儿泪道疾病的手术治疗有重要的指导作用。     

手术室C形臂间医护人员的X线防护

目的探讨手术室骨科C形臂手术间的放射防护方法,评价其防护效果。方法在手术室内推广普及放射防护知识,且在介入性检查和治疗中分别采用床下和床上球管工作式,利用个人剂量仪测量射线剂量。结果采用床下球管工作,适当的增加距离可明显减少受辐射剂量。结论手术室介入性诊疗中采用多种防护措施,可有效减少射线量,保护医护人员的身体健康。     

不同射野参数对胸中上段食管癌静态调强放疗的影响

目的 比较不同射野参数对胸中上段食管癌静态调强放疗的影响.方法 使用Prowess Panther放疗计划系统,对15例胸中上段食管癌患者制订静态调强放疗计划,其中处方剂量为60 Gy,共30次,机架角度分别为0°、51°、102°、154°、206°、258°、309°,根据最小子野跳数为3 MU、5 MU、7 MU,最小子野面积为2 cm2、4 cm2、6 cm2,子野个数为9个、8个、6个,每例患者均设计3种静态调强计划,分别为P1(3 MU,2 cm2,9个)、P2(5 MU,4 cm2,8个)、P3(7 MU,6 cm2,6个),比较3种静态调强计划的靶区适形度指数(CI)、均匀性指数(HI)、危及器官受量、靶区剂量、总跳数及治疗时间.结果 P1、P2的靶区剂量明显优于P3,P1优于P2(P<0.05),P2、P3的治疗时间、总跳数明显优于P1,P3优于P2(P<0.05).3种计划的心脏受照剂量、双肺受照剂量V20及平均受照剂量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),P1、P2的脊髓平均受照剂量、CI、HI优于P3(P<0.05).P1双肺受照剂量V30低于P2、P3(P<0.05).结论 胸中上段食管癌静态调强放疗计划中最小子野面积、最小子野跳数及子野数均不宜过小或过大,临床应用时应根据肿瘤靶区剂量、正常组织器官的保护及执行效率等具体情况综合考虑,选择合适的子野参数.     

紫外光固化脂环族环氧丙烯酸酯涂料的制备及性能

通过丙烯酸（AA）与脂环族环氧树脂的开环反应合成了可紫外光（UV）固化的脂环族环氧丙烯酸酯树脂（CEA）。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）对树脂结构进行了表征,研究了反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。用活性稀释剂与CEA制备了涂料预聚物,用转板黏度计测定了预聚物的黏度,采用差示扫描量热（DSC）仪、综合热分析仪和铅笔硬度计对树脂固化膜进行了分析。结果表明：当丙烯酸与环氧基团摩尔比为1/3,120 °C下反应25.8 h时,反应转化率可达96.58%。CEA固化膜的玻璃化转变温度为64 °C,初始分解温度为314 °C,活性稀释剂的加入增强了固化膜的耐热性,固化膜铅笔硬度可达6 H。     

快速解剖标测方式构建肺静脉对环肺静脉电隔离术中主要质量指标的影响

目的 探讨快速解剖标测方式构建肺静脉在环肺静脉电隔离术中应用价值.方法 收集2016年2月至2016年10月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院心内科接受导管消融治疗的60例房颤患者,依据肺静脉造影方式分为快速解剖标测组30例和非选择性肺静脉造影组30例.评价两组患者总手术时间、X线曝光时间、预定消融径线外消融点数、肺静脉隔离率等方面差异.结果快速解剖标测组与非选择性肺静脉造影组相比:曝光时间减少[(16.18±4.26)min vs(45.64±6.48)min,P<0.05],总手术时间降低[(122.34±13.82)min vs(180.19±12.56)min,P<0.05)],预定消融径线外消融点数减少[(3±1)个vs(16±4)个,P<0.05],肺静脉隔离率差异无统计学意义(96.67％vs 93.33％,P>0.05).结论 快速解剖标测方式构建肺静脉能明显提高肺静脉隔离术的手术质量.     

紫外线对晶状体上皮细胞凋亡、水含量及SOD活性的影响

目的 :探讨紫外线对体外培养的晶状体上皮细胞凋亡作用以及对晶状体水含量和超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxidedismutase,SOD)活性的影响 .方法 :紫外线诱导离体牛晶状体白内障形成 ,以TUNEL技术检测紫外线照射后培养 3,6 ,12 ,2 4h的晶状体上皮凋亡细胞 ,并测定晶状体水含量和SOD活性 .结果 :TUNEL法显示 ,照射组晶状体上皮细胞经紫外线照射后培养 6h出现凋亡细胞 ,对照组晶状体上皮细胞中无明显的凋亡细胞 ;照射组 12h后水含量明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)及SOD活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) .对照组水含量和SOD活性无明显变化 .结论 :紫外线诱导晶状体上皮细胞发生凋亡 ,并使晶状体水含量和SOD活性发生改变 ,紫外线诱导的晶状体上皮细胞凋亡是白内障形成的早期机制之一     

Environmental risk analysis of ultraviolet phototherapy centres in Ireland

Background  

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is commonly used in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. It is known that high levels of exposure to UV radiation (UVR) will increase the risk of adverse biological effects. Exposure limit values for UVR have been developed by the International Commission on Non-lonising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and occupational exposure to phototherapy staff should be kept within these limits. The use of environmental controls such as warning signs, good ventilation and UV-opaque curtains will significantly reduce the risks to staff, patients and members of the public.     

两种糖皮质激素对上皮下角膜激光磨削术后角膜雾状混浊疗效的观察

目的:探讨不同糖皮质激素对上皮下角膜激光磨削术后角膜雾状混浊的疗效、副作用以及合理用药.方法:19例(38眼)上皮下角膜激光磨削术后2-3°角膜雾状混浊患者,12例单独使用0.1%氟甲松龙滴眼液,7例加用0.1%地塞米松滴眼液治疗,0.1%氟甲松龙点眼4-6个月,0.1%地塞米松滴眼1个月.结果:角膜雾状混浊:16例完...     

Multiple variations of the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox

INTRODUCTION

Multiple tendons of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) in the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist can lead to the development of de Quervain''s syndrome, which is caused by stenosing tenosynovitis. A cadaveric study was performed to establish the variations present in the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox in a Malaysian population, in the hope that this knowledge would aid clinical investigation and surgical treatment of de Quervain''s tenosynovitis.

METHODS

Routine dissection of ten upper limbs was performed to determine the variations in the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist.

RESULTS

In all the dissected upper limbs, the APL tendon of the first extensor compartment was found to have several (3–14) tendon slips. The insertion of the APL tendon slips in all upper limbs were at the base of the first metacarpal bone, trapezium and fascia of the opponens pollicis muscle; however, in seven specimens, they were also found to be attached to the fleshy belly of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. In two specimens, double tendons of the extensor pollicis longus located in the third extensor compartment were inserted into the capsule of the proximal interphalangeal joints before being joined to the extensor expansion. In two other specimens, the first extensor compartment had two osseofibrous tunnels divided by a septum that separated the APL tendon from the extensor pollicis brevis tendon.

CONCLUSION

Multiple variations were found in the anatomical snuffbox region of the dissected upper limbs. Knowledge of these variations would be useful in interventional radiology and orthopaedic surgery.     

Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanism of SEA-Fab＇ Coupled Protein on Gastric Tumor

Summary The anti-tumor effect and mechanism of SEA-Fab' coupled protein on gastric tumor was studied. The target cell Walker-256 was treated with SEA-Fab' synthesized chemically or SEA respectively for 24 h, 36 h or 72 h. PBMC+Walke-256 cells served as controls. The apoptotic index of SEA-Fab' against effector cells was detected. In the mouse gastric cancer models (n=60), SEA-Fab', SEA and normal saline was injected in experimental group, SEA group and control group respectively. The occurrence and weight of tumor was observed. The results showed that the apoptotic index was significantly higher in the SEA-Fab' (34.6%–68.9%) and SEA group (15.5%–31.9%) than in PBMC+Walker-256 group (5.5%–12.8%) with the difference being significant (P<0.01). And there was significant difference between SEA-Fab' group and SEA group (P <0.01). The tumor weight in SEA-Fab', SEA and control groups was 3.64±0.53 g, 0.78±0.26 g and 0.49±0.17 g respectively with the difference being statistically significant between the SEA-Fab' group, SEA group and the control group (P<0.01). In the SEA-Fab's and SEA groups, there were CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T cell infiltrates, but in the control group, no or few T lymphocytes were seen in the mouse tumor tissue. It was concluded that SEA-Fab' was more effective to activate T lymphocytes to kill the tumor cells than SEA used alone. It was feasibility by using the monoclonal antibody as carrier to perform the targeted immunotherapy of gatric tumor. SHU Xiaogang, male, born in 1971, Doctor in Charge, M. D., Ph. D.     

Biomechanical effects of pedicle screw adjustments on the thoracolumbar burst fractures

Background Posterior pedicle screw device is widely used in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.As the clinical operation is not based upon quantitative data of adjustments,the results are not o...     

抑制LRP16基因表达增加了肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性

目的:探索抑制LRP16基因表达对肿瘤细胞辐射治疗敏感性的影响。方法:采用逆转录病毒介导的小干扰RNA策略,建立了LRP16基因表达被稳定抑制的MCF7及HeLa细胞系,采用电离辐射及紫外线(UV)分别照射LRP16基因被稳定抑制表达的MCF7和HeLa细胞,于照射后不同的时间点进行Hoechst33342染色以检测细胞凋亡率,并进行DNA片段化分析;胎盘蓝染色检测不同时间点的细胞死亡率。结果:照射后2～10h之间,LRP16基因表达抑制组细胞的凋亡率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);照射后10h胎盘蓝方法计数死活细胞,发现LRP16基因抑制组细胞的死亡率>40%,而对照组的死亡率在15%～20%之间;24h计数细胞死亡率发现LRP16基因抑制组细胞与对照组细胞差别不明显(P>0.05)。结论:抑制LRP16基因在肿瘤细胞中的表达增加了瘤细胞的辐射治疗敏感性,其机制可能是通过抑制LRP16基因表达干预了辐射诱导DNA损伤反应的早期信号途径。