颈前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈后路单开门术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

[目的]探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病在临床上的应用价值。[方法]应用Cervical Cage行颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合术，同时，颈椎后路行单开门椎管扩大成形术11例，平均随访6个月。按40分法和JOA评分对手术前后脊髓功能进行评分，并测量颈椎术前术后前柱高度及椎管宽度和进行相关性分析．[结果]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，明显改善脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。40分法平均37分，改善率83％；JOA评分16．5分，改善率91％；前柱高度平均增加1．28mm；椎管宽度平均增加2．22mm。[结论]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，有效恢复了颈椎前柱高度、增加椎管宽度，明显改善了脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。     

颈前路减压融合术后再手术行Arch钛板颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的疗效分析

目的回顾性分析Arch钛板颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术作为颈前路减压融合术患者再手术方式的疗效。方法初次行颈前路减压植骨融合术并于本院再手术行Arch钛板单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者共10例,比较再次术前及随访时日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、Cobb角和颈椎活动度的变化,同时比较再次手术前后椎管面积的变化。结果患者平均随访11。9个月,JOA评分由术前平均7．6分增加至11．3分（P〈0．01）,神经功能改善率为41．83％;术前和末次随访时的Cobb角、颈椎活动度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;椎管面积由术前171．32mm2增大至227．46mm2（P〈0．05）。术后2例患者出现轴性痛,1例出现脑脊液漏;随访期间完全恢复。结论对于行颈前路减压融合术的患者,应用Arch钛板单开门椎管扩大成形术作为再次手术方式在短期内安全、有效。     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病的前后路外科治疗

目的 比较前路减压植骨内固定和后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月～2004年6月手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者78例,前路减压植骨内固定43例,后路全椎板切除减压术或单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗35例,术前和术后按照JOA评分系统进行评分并计算恢复率,MRI测量硬脊膜囊矢状径并计算膨胀回复率.结果 术后随访6个月～4年2个月,平均1年11个月,两组手术病例术前JOA评分及硬脊膜矢状径比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后JOA评分和恢复率,硬脊膜囊矢状径和膨胀回复率前路手术组高于后路手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 前、后路减压手术均是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,前路减压植骨内固定术优于后路全椎板切除减压或单开门椎管扩大成形术.     

ARCH钛板应用于颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的近期疗效

目的探讨ARCH钛板应用于颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎疾病的近期疗效。方法应用ARCH钛板行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗15例颈椎疾病患者,观察术后神经功能改善情况及颈椎轴性症状,并进行JOA评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~18个月。患者术后神经功能明显改善,JOA评分由术前(8.6±2.3)分提高到末次随访时(14.0±3.1)分,平均改善率68.2%±13.5%。2例术后发生颈部轴性症状,VAS评分分别为3分和2分。患者骨性愈合时间3~5个月,随访期间未见内固定物松动、椎板塌陷和再关门现象。患者均未出现颈椎后凸畸形。结论应用ARCH钛板固定行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎疾病操作简单,固定牢靠,有效降低相应并发症,可获得近期满意疗效。     

后前路联合手术治疗重型颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的总结后前路联合手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的效果.方法2002年9月～2006年1月采用后前路联合手术治疗25例重型颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者,男17例,女8例;年龄32～75岁,平均53.5岁.均先采用颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术,1周后再行颈椎前路减压植骨或钛网置入内固定术.前路减压涉及1个椎间隙2例,2个椎间隙1个椎体10例,3个椎间隙2个椎体及以上13例.术前、术后依据JOA评分标准评估患者的神经功能,比较术前、术后随访时JOA评分.结果术后并发脑脊液漏2例,节断性神经根麻痹1例,并发颈部血肿者3例.随访3～24个月,平均13.5个月,术前患者JOA评分为7.1±1.1分,术后为14.9±0.9分,3个月随访时为15.1±0.8分,术后3个月平均改善率为79.48%.结论采用先行后路椎管扩大成形术1周后再行前路减压植骨术治疗颈椎OPLL可彻底切除病灶、使脊髓减压完全.疗效较好.     

前路椎间隙减压融合与后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的比较颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定与后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2015-12诊治的112例累及4节段(C3~7)的脊髓型颈椎病,49例采用颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定术治疗(前路组),63例采用后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(后路组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间,术后1周、术后3个月、末次随访时椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度C值、JOA评分。结果 112例均获得随访,随访时间平均24.3(18~28)个月。前路组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间,以及术后椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度C值、JOA评分方面均优于后路组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。前路组所有患者随访期间均获得骨性融合。结论与颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术相比,颈前路椎间隙减压植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病能更有效增加病变节段椎间高度,恢复颈椎生理曲度,改善术后脊髓神经功能,而且手术创伤更小。     

颈椎后路单开门成形扩大椎管术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的总结颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（ossification of posterior longitud inal ligam ent,OPLL）的临床效果。方法对13例OPLL患者施行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。结果本组平均手术时间150（120～180）m in,术中出血量平均为500（300～800）m l。随访3～18个月,术后15月JOA平均改善率53.35%（18.3%～85.7%）,临床症状较术前明显改善。本组2例术后有节段性神经根麻痹,无一例出现脑脊液漏、感染等其它并发症。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎OPLL效果确切,并发症少。     

后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)的临床疗效。方法 2012年7月—2016年7月,61例MCSM患者在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院接受后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗。记录出血量、手术时间、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、神经功能改善率、颈椎椎管矢状径、椎管扩大率、门轴侧骨愈合情况、颈椎轴性症状及围手术期并发症发生情况。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间为(112.4±22.8)min,出血量为(322.8±92.8)mL。61例患者随访(3.4±1.9)年,JOA评分由术前的(9.8±2.8)分提高到末次随访时的(15.2±1.9)分;末次随访时神经功能改善率为(75.3±9.7)%;末次随访时轴性症状评分为(3.2±1.5)分,优35例、良25例、可1例。颈椎椎管矢状径由术前的(8.5±1.4)mm扩大到术后的(15.1±2.3)mm,椎管扩大率为(77.6±6.8)%;所有患者门轴侧椎板均骨愈合,无内固定断裂、松动及再关门现象发生。结论后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗MCSM,可获得满意的临床疗效,具有即刻稳定开门椎板,有利于门轴侧椎板融合,维持椎管扩张状态,防止再关门现象发生等优点。     

微形钛板固定颈椎椎板成形术的临床应用

[目的]介绍一种颈椎后路开门、微形钛板固定的椎板成形术式，评价其在颈椎椎管狭窄手术中的应用效果。[方法]选择27例颈椎管狭窄症患者实施颈椎后路单侧或双侧开门减压、微形钛板固定开门椎板的新术式，术后平均随访27个月。[结果]27例患者切口均达到一期愈合，术后随访半年以上症状改善优良率88％，1例症状改善不明显的患者，二期实施前路减压固定融合术后症状缓解，无1例出现继发性椎管狭窄。[结论]应用微形钛板固定的颈椎椎板成形术具有避免开门椎板再关闭，保持椎管扩大效果，同时对脊柱活动度影响小的优点，且操作简单，并发症少，适合临床运用。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后二次手术的原因和手术策略

目的:分析颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后二次手术的原因和手术策略。方法:回顾性分析2006年5月~2016年4月颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后于我院行二次手术的病例,根据影像学和临床表现分析二次手术原因,采用mJOA评分评价二次手术的疗效。结果:共有43例二次手术患者纳入本研究,手术距前次手术时间为2~204个月(47.8±51.4个月)。二次手术原因包括:(1)技术相关因素9例,其中椎板回弹或部分关门7例,椎板内陷刺激神经根或脊髓2例;(2)单纯后路手术减压不充分16例,其中前方致压物较大合并颈椎管狭窄15例,后凸合并颈椎管狭窄1例;(3)疾病进展18例,其中OPLL进展14例,椎间盘突出或骨赘增生4例。前方致压物较大且以软性压迫为主、局限性后纵韧带骨化进展、后凸的病例采用前方入路二次手术;椎板回弹或部分关门、椎板内陷刺激神经根或脊髓、巨大后纵韧带骨化前方入路切除困难病例采用后方入路二次手术。采用前路二次手术者28例,后路二次手术者14例,后路联合前路二次手术者1例。二次手术前mJOA评分为5.5~16分(11.6±2.8分),二次手术后3个月随访时mJOA评分为8~17分(13.7±2.1分),mJOA评分改善率为0~100%[(36.6±25.2)%]。结论:颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后二次手术的原因包括技术相关因素、手术减压不充分和疾病进展;根据患者具体情况个体化选择前路或/和后路手术充分减压可取得较好的疗效。     

Place de la laminoplastie dans le traitement de la myélopathie cervicale d’origine arthrosique

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common condition. Uninstrumented laminectomy may be complicated by postoperative instability, whereas anterior or posterior decompression with fusion may be associated with stiffness and adjacent segment disease. Cervical laminoplasty, initially oriented towards pediatric patients and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, becomes an interesting surgical alternative to decompress and reconstruct cervical anatomy without fusion. Eighteen patients (12 men, 6 women), mean age 64.2 who presented with CSM were treated surgically using multilevel laminoplasty, and reviewed after 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Clinical evaluation was performed based on the Benzel-JOA and Nurick scores. The preoperative mean Benzel-JOA score was 13.55; Preoperative mean Nurick score was 1.88. Preoperative MRI was carried-out in 16/18 patients. Intramedullary hyperintensity in T2 was observed in 6 patients. The operation was performed on 2 levels (4 patients) 3 levels (11 patients) and 4 levels (3 patients). We used the open-door hinged laminoplasty technique, using metallic implants, without bone graft. At one month FU, mean JOA score was 15.44, and Nurick dropped to 1.05. At 6 months, mean JOA was 16.28 and Nurick was 0.71. At one year, the mean JOA score was 16.16, and Nurick was 0.83. At 2 years, mean JOA was 17.5, and Nurick was 0.25. One infection, one dural tear and one transient episode of C5 paresthesia were observed. We conclude that spinal cord decompression by open-door laminoplasty for CSM allows significant clinical improvement observed progressively in the two years following surgery.     

分期治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化合并后纵韧带骨化症

目的回顾性分析分期后前路手术治疗颈椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)合并后纵韧带骨化(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)的临床疗效。方法完整随访手术治疗的颈椎OLF合并OPLL患者18例,一期行后路椎板成形术,术后严密观察6~9个月,一期术后症状改善有限,影像学检查发现前方骨化的韧带压迫脊髓,二期行前路椎体次全切除并切除骨化的韧带+植骨内固定术。术前、一期和二期术后行JOA评分并计算恢复率,测量颈椎前凸值,比较术前、术后颈椎前凸值、JOA评分和恢复率。结果椎板成形术后出现不全瘫痪症状加重者1例,C5神经根麻痹症状1例,脑脊液漏3例;二期前路手术后出现脑脊液漏2例,神经根麻痹2例,保守治疗后痊愈。平均随访时间26.3个月,术前JOA评分(7.2±1.3)分,颈椎前凸值(5.7±4.1)°;一期术后JOA评分(12.6±3.8)分,改善率为(51.6±19.3)%,颈椎前凸值(9.3±3.8)°;二期术后JOA评分(14.8±1.6)分,改善率为(72.7±13.4)%,颈椎前凸值(15.5±3.2)°。JOA评分、改善率以及颈椎前凸值在一期、二期术后与术前相比差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论分期后前路手术治疗可明显改善OLF合并OPLL患者术后JOA评分、恢复率和颈椎前凸值,是治疗OLF合并OPLL的一种良好方式。     

Laser-assisted anterior cervical corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for cervical myelopathic patients with multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the comparative results of a series of patients with multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) who were treated with laser-assisted anterior corpectomy or laminoplasty. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (21 patients with anterior corpectomy and 27 patients with laminoplasty) with cervical OPLL involvement of three or more vertebral bodies were retrospectively reviewed. Both pre- and postoperatively neurological status was graded according to the Nurick grading system. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter change at the narrowest part of the spinal canal, the change in the regional and the overall cervical Cobb's angle, and the change in cervical range of motion (ROM) were all measured. The mean follow-up periods were 21.8 mo and 29.1 mo for the corpectomy and laminoplasty patients, respectively. RESULTS: The mean changes in the pre- to postoperative Nurick grades were 1.9 for the corpectomy group and 1 for the laminoplasty group (p < 0.05). The mean changes in the pre- to postoperative spinal canal AP diameters were 9.1 mm and 4.11 mm, respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p < 0.05). The mean changes of the regional Cobb's angle were 1.7 degrees and -3.1 degrees (p = 0.06), and the mean changes of the overall cervical Cobb's angle were 1.1 degrees and -1.6 degrees , respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p > 0.05). The changes in the cervical degree of ROM were -19.6 degrees and -19.7 degrees , respectively, for the corpectomy group and the laminoplasty group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Direct decompression of the spinal cord by laser-assisted anterior cervical corpectomy was shown to be a better surgical option on long-term follow-up, yielding more recovery of neurological deficits, achieving adequate decompression of the spinal canal, and preventing the development of regional kyphosis at the operated level of the spine, in patients with multilevel cervical OPLL.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后不同手术入路的比较分析

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)前后路不同术式的手术效果及各自的优缺点.方法 回顾109例多节段CSM资料,前路组67例行分节段减压,钢板固定+(MC+(R))固定,后路组42例行单开门、颈椎管扩大成形(ARCH)微型钛板固定.比较两组的手术时间、失血量、手术前后JOA评分及远期轴性颈椎痛的发生率.结果 平均随访32个月,手术时间前路组(127.01±33.44) min,后路组(118.61±22.28) min,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中失血量前路组(316.42±150.35)ml,后路组(676.60±300.15)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);JOA评分前路组术前(9.34+2.03)分,术后(14.08±2.26)分,差异有统计学意义;后路组术前(9.17±2.03)分,术后(13.86+1.71)分,差异有统计学意义;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);长期随访轴性颈椎痛前路组7例,后路组14例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通过对多节段CSM前后不同入路的分析,认为对多数患者应采用前路手术效果更加理想,远期随访轴性颈椎痛的发生率前路明显少于后路组,前路手术还可以减少C5神经根麻痹的发生.     

经关节突减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨经关节突减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症的手术疗效和安全性.方法 2005年4月至2009年4月,采用后方人路经关节突行椎管腹侧减压,同时行前路植骨后路内固定融合术治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症患者33例,其中获得12个月以上随访者19例,男10例,女9例;年龄33～77岁,平均55.9岁;胸椎后纵韧带骨化(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)5例,胸椎间盘突出症(thoracic disc hemiation,TDH)11例,胸椎OPLL合并胸椎黄韧带骨化(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)2例,TDH合并OLF 1例.采用改良日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分法和Nurick分级评价神经减压效果.结果 手术时间180～480 min,平均299.5 min;术中出血量250～2200 ml,平均918.5 ml.7例胸椎OPLL患者(包括合并OLF)术中出现硬膜损伤1例,术后发现神经功能恶化2例.12例TDH患者(包括合并OLF),术后无神经功能恶化,未发现脑脊液漏及其他并发症.术后随访时间12～54个月,平均28.6个月.术前JOA评分2～11分,平均63分;末次随访时JOA评分5～11分,平均8.6分.术前Nurick分级0～5级的例数分别为:2、2、4、5、2、4例,术后Nurick分级0～5级的例数分别为:6、6、3、3、1、0例.结论 采用经关节突人路减压融合治疗腹侧压迫型胸椎管狭窄症可以获得充分的减压及满意的疗效,可以作为一种较为安全的胸椎管腹侧减压入路.     

Treatment of myelopathy due to cervicothoracic OPLL via open door laminoplasty

STUDY DESIGN: Postoperative long-term follow-up study of open door laminoplasty for the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the thoracic spine. OBJECTIVES: Techniques and outcomes of open door laminoplasty were described. The efficacy of this procedure was discussed and compared with other surgical methods for thoracic OPLL reported in the literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: OPLL of the thoracic spine is often associated with cervical OPLL or ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) of the thoracic spine; therefore, it is extremely difficult to determine the most appropriate surgical therapeutic procedure. There are very few detailed reports about extensive laminoplasty for OPLL of the thoracic spine. METHODS: The subjects included in this study consisted of 13 consecutive patients of thoracic OPLL who were surgically treated between 1994 and 2003 by the open door laminoplasty using the spinal processes and ligament complex as spacers for the open side. The number of manipulated lamina, including the cervical spine, was from 7 to 14 (mean 10 laminae), the follow-up period was 75 months on average. We evaluated the clinical symptoms by the JOA scoring method and postoperative bone union and thoracic kyphosis by plain x-ray photograph and computed tomography. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the JOA score improved from an average of 5.5 to 8.5 out of a maximum of 11 points and the mean recovery rate by Hirabayashi method was 54.5%. In all cases, bone union was seen at the hinge side between the opened lamina and the lateral mass. Neither restenosis of the opened lamina nor marked progression of kyphosis were seen on the final follow-up observation in any patient. There was no postoperative spinal cord injury. CONCLUSIONS: Open door laminoplasty is a useful procedure for OPLL of the thoracic spine. This method enables wide-range posterior decompression, especially for the continuous type OPLL extending from the cervical spine to the thoracic spine, even if the apex of the thoracic kyphosis is included.     

胸椎后纵韧带骨化的临床特点及治疗策略

目的回顾研究手术治疗胸椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)的临床特点及治疗方法。方法1991至2005年手术治疗胸椎OPLL55例,男19例,女36例;年龄35～73岁,平均51.9岁。均伴有脊髓损害。手术方式包括单纯椎管后壁切除术34例、前方OPLL切除减压术15例以及前后路联合手术6例。结果55例中36例(65.5%)合并胸椎黄韧带骨化(OLF),18例(32.7%)合并颈椎OPLL。单纯发生于上胸椎的OPLL13例(23.6%),中胸椎12例(21.8%),下胸椎及胸腰段17例(30.9%),广泛分布者13例(23.6%)。43例获得随访,平均随访时间47.1个月(6～168个月)。37例神经功能有改善,改善率为76.6%,无改善2例,加重4例。前方入路获随访者13例,其中3例症状加重,余改善率平均为82.9%(42.9%～100%)。后路椎管后壁切除术获随访者25例,1例无改善,1例加重,余改善率平均为72.6%(22.2%～100%)。前后路联合手术获随访5例,1例无改善,余改善率平均为83.9%。结论胸椎OPLL常合并胸椎OLF及颈椎OPLL。上胸椎OPLL合并颈椎管狭窄可一期行颈后路单开门及上胸椎椎管后壁切除术。两个节段以内的OPLL且不合并有造成脊髓压迫的胸椎OLF可行前路OPLL切除减压术,否则行后路椎管后壁切除术。单节段的OPLL合并胸椎OLF可行前后路联合手术。     

寰枢椎脱位合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的手术疗效分析

目的探讨寰枢椎脱位合并颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)的手术疗效。方法 2012年5月—2015年10月共收治寰枢椎脱位合并颈椎OPLL患者10例,其中易复型寰枢椎脱位8例,采用后路寰枢椎固定融合并颈椎单开门椎板成形术治疗;不可复型寰枢椎脱位2例,采用经口前路松解复位、后路枕颈融合并颈椎单开门椎板成形术治疗。采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分及其改善率评估临床疗效,采用C2~7 Cobb角、颈椎活动度(ROM)、脊髓有效空间(SAC)和椎管狭窄率等评估影像学疗效。结果所有手术顺利完成。10例患者术后随访18~42个月,平均27.3个月。术后和末次随访时颈椎JOA评分较术前明显增加,其中JOA改善率优5例,良3例,可2例,优良率为80.0%。术后及末次随访时,颈椎Cobb角及ROM下降。术后SAC较术前明显增加,椎管狭窄率较术前明显降低。术中、术后无严重并发症发生,1例患者发生术后C5神经根麻痹,1例患者发生术后切口感染,经非手术治疗均痊愈。随访过程中无颈椎不稳、内固定松动或断钉现象发生,末次随访时所有患者均获得骨性融合。结论寰枢椎脱位合并颈椎OPLL手术治疗近期疗效确切,并发症发生率低。