Suprasellar displacement of intracavernous internal carotid artery: case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We present a previously undescribed variant of the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) and review the literature concerning other variants of the cavernous ICA. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The patient, a 53-year-old woman with fibromuscular dysplasia and multiple intracranial aneurysms, underwent cerebral angiography in preparation for clipping of a terminal ICA bifurcation aneurysm that demonstrated a redundant loop of the cavernous ICA abutting the supraclinoid carotid artery. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent a pterional craniotomy to approach a terminal ICA bifurcation aneurysm. During the procedure, an unexpected vascular anomaly was discovered. On further dissection, we confirmed that the vascular abnormality was a segment of the ICA that had herniated through the superomedial cavernous sinus wall. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that the cavernous ICA may become dehiscent from the cavernous sinus wall and herniate into the suprasellar space. Knowledge and anticipation of anatomic variants of the cavernous carotid artery are essential to avoid inadvertent vascular injury during surgery.     

2D DSA、3D DSA与CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断的比较研究

目的比较评价2D DSA、3D DSA(MIP、SSD、VR)及CTA(SVR)几种方法对颅内动脉瘤诊断的价值。方法对34例蛛网膜下腔出血的患者经常规DSA、3D DSA及CTA检查诊断颅内动脉瘤28例,检出动脉瘤33个。回顾性分析对比2D DSA、3D DSA及CTA几种方法对33个动脉瘤的显示情况,分别对动脉瘤的检出率和动脉瘤颈的可见度及与载瘤血管位置关系进行评价。结果就动脉瘤检出情况,2D DSA与CTA间无明显统计学差异,3D DSA的SSD、VR与CTA间有明显统计学差异。对于瘤颈及与载瘤血管的关系的显示,2D DSA与CTA间存在显著性差异。3D DSA的SSD、VR与CTA间存在显著性差异。结论2D DSA与CTA在动脉瘤的检出率方面无显著差异,但在瘤形态、瘤颈及与载瘤血管的关系方面,CTA优于2D DSA。3D DSA在瘤的检出率、瘤颈及与载瘤血管的显示方面均较CTA有明显优势。     

Intradural aneurysm arising from the posterior genu of the cavernous carotid artery mimicking a posterior communicating aneurysm: case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We present a rare case of an intradural aneurysm that arose from the posterior genu of the cavernous carotid artery and was diagnosed via angiography as originating from the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of the posterior communicating artery. Our review of the English-language literature found no other case of an intradural aneurysm that originated at the posterior genu of the cavernous ICA. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old woman presented with increasingly severe left retro-orbital headaches. Her family history included aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed an 11-mm aneurysm, which was interpreted as arising from the left ICA at the level of the posterior communicating artery. INTERVENTION: During a left pterional craniotomy, an aneurysm was identified underneath the oculomotor nerve; its neck seemed to arise from the posterior communicating artery segment. Despite clipping of the aneurysm attachment to the ICA and trapping of the posterior communicating segment, the aneurysm continued to fill. Further dissection revealed that the aneurysm's neck originated from the cavernous ICA. Placement of fenestrated clips around the oculomotor nerve successfully occluded the intradural portion of the aneurysm, as documented by an intraoperative angiogram. CONCLUSION: We discuss this unique case to draw attention to the importance of the interpretation and adequacy of preoperative angiography, and we review pertinent vascular anatomy.     

Abducens palsy due to unruptured aneurysms of the internal carotid artery in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

We report a rare case of unruptured aneurysms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 28-year-old female who had suffered from SLE for 5 years was admitted to our hospital because she noticed diplopia three weeks before. She presented with left abducens palsy on admission. CT scans revealed intracranial multiple calcified lesions. MRA and the cerebral angiography showed multiple saccular aneurysms from the cavernous segment to the petrous segment of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). These findings suggested that left abducens palsy was related to cranial nerve compression due to the aneurysm at the cavernous segment of the left ICA. As balloon occlusion test for 15 minutes of the left ICA with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was tolerable, the patient underwent the endovascular trapping of multiple aneurysms from the cavernous segment to the petrous segment of the left ICA with detachable coils. Postoperative course was uneventful and left abducens palsy fully recovered. She was discharged with no neurological deficits. This is the first report presenting left abducens palsy due to unruptured aneurysms in SLE. We summarized the previous reports of cerebral aneurysms in SLE.     

Clinical usefulness of multi-planar reconstruction images of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography for internal carotid artery aneurysms

The usefulness of multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) images of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) for the diagnosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms is described. Eleven unruptured ICA aneurysms including six cases of IC-cavernous aneurysm, two cases of IC-ophthalmic artery aneurysm, two cases of IC-posterior communicating artery aneurysm and one cases of IC-anterior choroidal artery aneurysm, were examined by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), 3D-CTA and its MPR images. 3D-CTA and DSA were useful to identify the aneurysmal neck in small aneurysms, but it was difficult to identify the aneurysmal neck in small aneurysms by 3D-CTA-MPR images. DSA and MRA were not useful for identifying the aneurysmal neck in aneurysms more than 10 mm in diameter, as a precise viewing of the neck could not be found due to their large size. For large aneurysms, neither was 3D-CTA useful for identifying the aneurysmal neck when their large size and surrounding bony structures overlapped the aneurysmal neck. On the other hand, 3D-CTA-MPR was very useful for identifying the aneurysmal neck without overlapping by surrounding bony structures. 3D-CTA-MPR images clearly visualized the calcification of the wall. 3D-CTA-MPR images are obtained from 3D-CTA source images without any additional stress to the patients, and they are more useful for the diagnosis as well as demonstration of the aneurysmal neck particularly in more than large aneurysms.     

One patent intracranial collateral predicts tolerance of flow reversal during carotid angioplasty and stenting

Internal carotid artery (ICA) flow reversal is an effective means of cerebral protection during carotid stenting. Its main limitation is that in the absence of adequate collateral flow it may not be tolerated by the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative identification of intracranial collaterals with computerized tomographic (CTA) or magnetic resonance (MRA) angiography can predict adequate collateral flow and neurological tolerance of ICA flow reversal for embolic protection. This was a study of patients undergoing transcervical carotid angioplasty and stenting. Neuroprotection was established by ICA flow reversal. All patients underwent preoperative cervical and cerebral noninvasive angiography with CTA or MRA and had at least one patent intracranial collateral. Mean carotid artery back pressure was measured. Neurological changes during carotid clamping and flow reversal were continuously monitored with electroencephalography (EEG). Thirty-seven patients with at least one patent intracranial collateral on brain imaging with CTA or MRA were included. Mean carotid artery back pressure was 58 mm Hg. All procedures were technically successful. No EEG changes were present with common carotid artery occlusion and ICA flow reversal. One patent intracranial collateral provides sufficient cerebral perfusion to perform carotid occlusion and flow reversal with absence of EEG changes. Continued progress in noninvasive imaging modalities is becoming increasingly helpful in our understanding of cerebral physiology and selection of patients for invasive carotid procedures.     

A case of aneurysm of the peripheral middle cerebral artery undetectable on preoperative angiogram]

The authors describe a rare case of an aneurysm of the peripheral middle cerebral artery. A 63-year-old female with a past history of hypertension suddenly fell into a comatose state, and was brought to our hospital. On admission, CT scan showed intracerebral hematoma located in the right putamen with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. To exclude vascular lesions, an angiography was performed just after admission. The right carotid angiogram showed an aneurysm at the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), but failed to show any aneurysms in the rest of the intracranial circulation. Just after the angiography, emergent operation was performed for the main purpose of evacuation of the hematoma, and with only the secondary purpose of searching for undetectable aneurysms. The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy. After partial evacuation of the hematoma through the corticotomy of the right frontal operculum, the Sylvian fissure was opened widely. No aneurysm was observed either in the main trunk of the right ICA or the middle cerebral artery (MCA). During the final stage of evacuation of the hematoma through the corticotomy, arterial bleeding occurred. While evacuating the blood, we detected a saccular aneurysm arising from MCA branch (M2-M3 junction) and we clipped the aneurysm. We discuss peripheral MCA aneurysms with a review of the literature.     

Neuronavigation based on CT angiography for surgery of intracranial aneurysms: primary experience with unruptured aneurysms.

Several reports have demonstrated the use of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for preoperative planning in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Until now, there are no reports on the potential role of navigation systems in combination with CTA in aneurysm surgery. In the present study we report our experience with neuronavigation based on CTA in 16 patients with unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms for 1) planning craniotomy; 2) guided approach to the aneurysm; and 3) 3D presentation of the aneurysm and adjacent arteries in correct orientation. The reconstructed CTA images were analyzed preoperatively with regard to diameter of aneurysm neck and dome as well as projection and possible daughter aneurysms, and these parameters were compared with the intraoperative findings. In addition the accuracy of the navigator to locate the aneurysm neck was measured intraoperatively. Navigated approach planning resulted in variable keyhole craniotomies for the 7 middle cerebral artery aneurysms, but did not result in deviation from small standard craniotomies for the internal carotid and anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Precision of the indication of the navigator with regard to the aneurysm neck ranged from < 1 mm to 4 mm. Intraoperative assessment confirmed the CTA data with regard to aneurysm size and projection in all, and definition of daughter aneurysms and adjacent arteries in most cases. The computer assisted approach allowed a smaller, exactly placed craniotomy primarily in MCA aneurysms. 3D presentation of the aneurysms and the adjacent arteries in correct orientation facilitated identification and dissection the aneurysms. Current navigation systems are not precise enough to allow "blind" aneurysm clipping by placing a real clip on the virtual aneurysm neck.     

Traumatic aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and an associated carotid-cavernous fistula: vascular reconstruction performed using intravascular implantation of stents and coils. Case report

This report documents the treatment of a traumatic aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) that was associated with a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), which appeared following closed head trauma. This life-threatening lesion, which is very rare, required aggressive management achieved using intravascular stents and coils. A 19-year-old man presented with severe traumatic intracerebral and subarachnoid hematoma after he had suffered a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. Cerebral angiography performed 11 days after the injury demonstrated a traumatic aneurysm and severe narrowing of the right supraclinoid ICA, which was consistent with a dissection-induced stenosis associated with a direct CCF. Both lesions were successfully obliterated with preservation of the parent artery by using stents in conjunction with coils. Follow-up angiography obtained 7 months postoperatively revealed persistent obliteration of the aneurysm and CCF as well as patency of the parent artery. The patient remained asymptomatic during the clinical follow-up period of 14 months. Endovascular treatment involving the use of a stent combined with coils appears to be a feasible, minimally invasive option for treatment of this hard-to-treat lesion.     

A syndrome of spontaneous cerebral and cervical artery dissections with angiolipomatosis. Report of two cases

A primary or systemic arteriopathy is frequently suspected in patients with spontaneous cerebral or cervical artery dissections. The authors report on two patients with such dissections accompanied by angiolipomatosis, a previously unreported association, and propose a common developmental defect in these patients. A 50-year-old man with subcutaneous angiolipomatosis developed painful monocular blindness. Angiography studies revealed a spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and an ipsilateral fusiform intracranial ICA aneurysm. The ICA dissection was treated with aspirin, and after 6 months a craniotomy was performed. The aneurysm was found to be fusiform; it involved the entire supraclinoid portion of the ICA, and was wrapped with cotton. A 49-year-old man with a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve and subcutaneous angiolipomatosis developed posterior neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography demonstrated a fusiform distal vertebral artery aneurysm. A craniotomy was performed and the aneurysm was found to incorporate the posterior inferior cerebellar artery as well as a perforating artery: the lesion was wrapped cotton. The tunica media of the arteries of the head and neck as well as the aortic valvular cusps are derived from neural crest cells, and angiolipomatosis has been associated with tumors of neural crest derivation. These associations indicate that a neural crest disorder may be the underlying abnormality in these patients.     

A 10-year follow-up of extracranial–intracranial bypass for the treatment of bilateral giant internal carotid artery aneurysms in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia: case report

Cervicocephalic fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic arteriopathy which usually affects small- and medium-sized cervical arteries distributed at the atlas and axis interspace. Few cervicocephalic FMD patients are associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms which may rupture or develop. So the authors describe a cervicocephalic FMD patient with a history of right oculomotor palsy in 2000. Angiography revealed bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms and a fusiform aneurysm in right vertebral artery. Typical “string-of-beads” phenomenon was observed in V2 segment of left vertebral artery. The right ICA giant aneurysm was treated by right ICA occlusion and superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass at that time. Five years later, the patient presented with paroxysmal weakness in right limbs. The subsequent angiography showed the enlargement of left ICA aneurysm. It was treated satisfactorily with left external carotid artery-saphenous vein-MCA bypass and left ICA ligation. During the long-term follow-up, the patient kept no neurological deficit and the angiography showed good patency of bilateral grafts and the lesions in bilateral vertebral arteries remained unchanged.     

Distinction between paraclinoid and cavernous sinus aneurysms with computed tomographic angiography

OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability of using the optic strut as a landmark in computed tomographic (CT) angiography, to differentiate between intradural and extradural (cavernous sinus) aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). METHODS: Microanatomic dissections were performed with five cadaveric heads (10 sides), to establish the relationships of the optic strut to the cavernous sinus and the ICA. Results from these anatomic studies were compared with intraoperative and CT angiographic findings for four patients with nine intracranial aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the ICA. RESULTS: The inferior boundary of the optic strut accurately localized the point at which the ICA pierced the oculomotor membrane (proximal dural ring) and exited the cavernous sinus. The optic strut and its relationship to the ICA could be well observed on CT angiograms. During surgery, six of six aneurysms that arose distal to the optic strut were identified intradurally and were successfully clipped. Conversely, all aneurysms that arose proximal to the optic strut were observed to lie within the cavernous sinus. An aneurysm at the optic strut was within the clinoid segment or interdural, between the proximal and distal rings. CONCLUSION: The optic strut, as identified with CT angiography, provided a reliable anatomic landmark for accurate discrimination between intradural and extradural (cavernous sinus) aneurysms.     

Clinical application of 16-row multislice computed tomographic angiography in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping

BACKGROUND: Sixteen-row multislice CTA has great potential for use in the studies of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical application of 16-row multislice CTA in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping. METHODS: A total of 42 patients (45 aneurysms) underwent surgery using titanium clips. The CTA was performed with a 16-row multislice CT machine; detector slice, 0.75 mm; reconstruction interval, 0.40 mm; and timing determined by bolus trigger. The neuroradiologist independently evaluated the shape, size, and location of aneurysms; the relationship to other structures; and the presence of neck remnants and patency of the parent artery after clipping on MIP images, VR imaging, and thin-slab MIP and VR images. RESULTS: Sixteen-slice CTA clearly provided the shape and location of aneurysms, the size of the sac and the neck, and the relationship of aneurysms to bone structures and adjacent branch vessels; and this information would help the neurosurgeons find aneurysms and clip them successfully. Three clipped aneurysms with neck remnants were identified by the 16-slice CTA, and the parent artery could be reliably evaluated close to the clip. CONCLUSION: Sixteen-slice CTA is a useful reference for patients undergoing surgical clipping of aneurysms and can provide much effective information to clipped aneurysms.     

Efficacy and current limitations of intravascular stents for intracranial internal carotid, vertebral, and basilar artery aneurysms.

OBJECT: Results of previous in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have suggested that placement of a porous stent within the parent artery across the aneurysm neck may hemodynamically uncouple the aneurysm from the parent vessel, leading to thrombosis of the aneurysm. For complex wide-necked aneurysms, a stent may also aid packing of the aneurysm with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) by acting as a rigid scaffold that prevents coil herniation into the parent vessel. Recently, improved stent system delivery technology has allowed access to the tortuous vascular segments of the intracranial system. The authors report here on the use of intracranial stents to treat aneurysms involving different segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA), the vertebral artery (VA), and the basilar artery (BA). METHODS: Ten patients with intracranial aneurysms located at ICA segments (one petrous, two cavernous, and three paraclinoid aneurysms), the VA proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin (one aneurysm), or the BA trunk (three aneurysms) were treated since January 1998. In eight patients, stent placement across the aneurysm neck was followed (immediately in four patients and at a separate procedure in the remaining four) by coil placement in the aneurysm, accomplished via a microcatheter through the stent mesh. In two patients, wide-necked aneurysms (one partially thrombosed BA trunk aneurysm and one paraclinoid segment aneurysm) were treated solely by stent placement; coil placement may follow later if necessary. No permanent periprocedural complications occurred and, at follow-up examination, no patient was found to have suffered symptoms referable to aneurysm growth or thromboembolic complications. Greater than 90% aneurysm occlusion was achieved in the eight patients treated by stent and coil placement as demonstrated on immediate postprocedural angiograms. Follow-up angiographic studies performed in six patients at least 3 months later (range 3-14 months) revealed only one incident of in-stent stenosis. In the four patients originally treated solely by stent placement, no evidence of aneurysm thrombosis was observed either immediately postprocedure or on follow-up angiographic studies performed 24 hours (two patients), 48 hours, and 3 months later, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A new generation of flexible stents can be used to treat complex aneurysms in difficult-to-access areas such as the proximal intracranial segments of the ICA, the VA, or the BA trunk. The stent allows tight coil packing even in the presence of a wide-necked, irregularly shaped aneurysm and may provide an endoluminal matrix for endothelial growth. Although convincing experimental evidence suggests that stent placement across the aneurysm neck may by itself promote intraluminal thrombosis, the role of this phenomenon in clinical practice may be limited at present by the high porosity of currently available stents.     

颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 对28例颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤进行回顾分析,总结该部位动脉瘤手术方式和结果以进一步改善疗效.方法 2004年5月至2009年8月手术治疗28例(30个)颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤,其中微小动脉瘤4个,小型动脉瘤2个,中型动脉瘤4个,大型、巨大动脉瘤20个.结果 共手术处理28例患者的28个眼动脉段动脉瘤.19例行动脉瘤夹闭或动脉瘤切除+颈内动脉重建,9例行高流量颅内外动脉搭桥+动脉瘤切除+颈内动脉重建或颈部颈内动脉结扎动脉瘤孤立.17例术后行数字减影血管造影、CT血管成像或磁共振血管成像复查,5例搭桥血管通畅,2例搭桥血管闭塞.1例动脉瘤少量残留,余动脉瘤不显影.GOS 4～5分占78%(22/28),死亡1例.结论 颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤尤其是大型巨大型动脉瘤处理困难.辅助高流量颅内外搭桥手术、选择合适的动脉瘤夹,才能取得良好的手术效果.     

Intra-mural propagation of a large cavernous internal cerebral artery aneurysm after parent artery sacrifice

The mechanism of aneurysm growth after isolation from the circulation is not well known. We report a case of a woman who presented with mass effects of a large cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. The parent vessel harboring the aneurysm was sacrificed but the aneurysm continued to enlarge with propagation of the disease along the vessel wall progressively extending to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) leading to ischemic stroke. This case provides imaging evidence of the role of mural inflammation in the development of certain aneurysms.     

双能量CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术后随访中的应用

目的探讨双能量CTA(DECTA)在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后随访中的价值。方法对77例临床确诊为颅内动脉瘤并接受动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术的患者行DECTA检查,将原始数据传至后处理工作站进行图像重组,采用原始轴位图像与重建图像相结合的方式进行综合分析。结果 77例中,DECTA均能清晰显示动脉瘤夹闭情况、动脉瘤钛夹及载瘤动脉与其他颅内主要大血管的通畅情况;共84个动脉瘤接受手术夹闭,其中颅内动脉瘤完全夹闭82个,均未发生移位,动脉瘤颈残留2个;3例动脉瘤夹闭术后其他部位出现新发病灶,1例载瘤动脉血管纤细狭窄。结论 DECTA可作为颅内动脉瘤患者动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术后准确、无创的影像学随访方法。     

Surgery for giant intracranial aneurysms using advanced technology

PURPOSE: Outcome of surgery for giant intracranial aneurysms is still unsatisfactory. The reason for complications is occlusion of perforators or parent arteries by the aneurysmal clipping itself or temporary occlusion of the main arteries. We report the surgical outcome of treatment of giant aneurysms using several advanced techniques which we devised to prevent these complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were eight patients with giant intracranial aneurysms who underwent surgery during the recent five years. Six patients had ruptured and two had unruptured aneurysms. Aneurysms were located at the ICA in five and the MCA in three patients. Aneurysmal sizes ranged from 25 to 50 mm. Preoperative 3DCTA was performed to investigate the aneurysm and the surrounding vessels in all cases. Patients with unruptured aneurysms at the ICA underwent balloon occlusion tests to check the potential for safe temporary occlusion of the parent artery, with SEP monitoring and Xe-SPECT. Intraoperative angiography and neuroendoscopes were used to prevent problems and complications which might be caused by aneurysmal clipping. RESULTS: In seven of eight cases, the aneurysmal neck was completely obliterated with clips and in one case the aneurysm was trapped with STA-MCA anastomosis. Glasgow Outcome Scale of the patients showed good recovery in six, moderately disabled (MD) in one and dead in one. The patient demonstrating MD developed hemiparesis due to vasospasm. One patient died from rebleeding of the aneurysm caused by slippage of the aneurysmal clip despite the confirmation of complete obliteration by intraoperative angiography. CONCLUSIONS: A better surgical outcome of treatment for giant aneurysms was obtained by temporary clips whose placement was based on the results of balloon occlusion test, as well as the use of intraoperative angiography and neuroendoscopes.     

Management of giant intracranial ICA aneurysms with combined extracranial-intracranial anastomosis and endovascular occlusion

Nine patients with giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms (greater than 2.5 cm in diameter) were subjected to a combined extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass procedure and endovascular ICA occlusion during 1987 and 1988. The procedures were performed under one anesthetic. In all cases the collateral circulation had been judged insufficient on the basis of a strict preoperative testing protocol including: cerebral panangiography, electroencephalography, somatosensory potential recording, and cerebral blood flow monitoring during manual compression of the ICA in the neck. There were four intracavernous ICA aneurysms, four carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms, and one supraclinoid ICA aneurysm. All patients showed symptoms and signs of compression of the surrounding nervous structures. In the five cases of intradural lesions, the artery was occluded at the level of the aneurysm neck, so the ophthalmic artery had to be occluded. There was, nevertheless, no case of worsening of vision following surgery, and all nine patients showed significant improvement following the combined procedure. A combined EC-IC bypass procedure and endovascular ICA occlusion allows for immediate verification of the surgical results and appears to be a worthwhile method for treating giant intracranial aneurysms.     

多技术联合应用于颅内巨大动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨神经电生理监测、术中超声、术中荧光造影、神经内镜多技术联合应用于颅内巨大动脉瘤的显微外科手术治疗的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析显微手术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤17例的临床资料。术前采用3D-CTA、MRI和DSA,充分评估动脉瘤的位置、大小和形状。术中应用神经电生理监测评价动脉瘤夹闭前、后的神经功能保留和损害程度;通过微血管多普勒超声的定性和定量分析联合术中荧光造影评定动脉瘤和周围邻近血管的血液流速及通畅度;神经内镜观察动脉瘤区的局部解剖,辨认重要的穿支血管、瘤颈结构和动脉瘤夹情况。手术在手术显微镜下操作,采用载瘤动脉控制性技术、瘤颈成形技术、动脉瘤内减压和切除技术、多瘤夹夹闭技术和血管痉挛保护技术等进行联合治疗。 结果 在多技术联合监测下,显微外科手术成功夹闭巨大动脉瘤17个,术后恢复良好15例,出现轻偏瘫1例,重度偏瘫l例,无死亡病例。DSA复查示瘤颈夹闭完全,载瘤动脉通畅。远期随访仍在进行中。 结论 多技术联合显微手术技术,能有效提高颅内巨大动脉瘤的手术疗效。