Use of a subjective health measure on Chinese low back pain patients in Hong Kong.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study on the use of the Aberdeen Low Back Pain Disability Scale. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Chinese adaptation of the Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale in Chinese patients in Hong Kong who have back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Frontline clinicians, researchers, and health care managers in Hong Kong are urgently in need of a Chinese adaptation of a low back pain outcome measure that has been subjected to a rigorous process of psychometric and clinical testing. METHODS: Four samples with 473 consecutive adult patients with low back pain from six physiotherapy outpatient departments in Hong Kong who completed the Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale were observed and measured at time points including the beginning physiotherapy; 10 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after physiotherapy; and when discharged from treatment. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.94 (0.94 in the original English version; figures from the English version are reported in parentheses). The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.85 (0.80). The Spearman correlation coefficient, when the Aberdeen score was correlated with that of a generic current 42-item questionnaire regarding the patient's perceived health to establish cross-sectional construct validity, was 0.59 (0.36-0.66, with the Short Form 36 scale). The effect sizes (responsiveness) at weeks 3 and 6 after treatment began were 0.59 and 0.81, respectively (a high of 0.62 reported in the English version). CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Aberdeen Low Back Pain Disability Scale retained the high levels of reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the original English version when tested in Hong Kong in four samples of Chinese patients with low back pain.     

Development of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Item analysis, face, and criterion-related validity.

STUDY DESIGN: The development and testing of a new comprehensive measure of neck pain and disability, the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. OBJECTIVES: To provide an initial evaluation of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale's reliability and validity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although several measures exist for generalized pain and disability, none is specific for neck pain. More specific measurements should improve assessment of treatments and clinical research aimed at cervical pain syndromes. METHODS: The Neck Pain and Disability Scale was designed using the Million Visual Analogue Scale as a template and consists of 20 items that assess neck pain. In this study, 100 patients with neck pain, 52 patients with lower back and leg pain, and 27 pain-free volunteers were rated by the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. In addition, a subset of the 47 patients with neck pain were rated by several other established psychometric instruments. RESULTS: An item analysis showed a high degree of internal consistency among the 20 items on the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (r = 0.93), and face validity was established by comparing patients who had neck pain as well as lower back and leg pain with a pain-free group. The Neck Pain and Disability Scale scores correlated with the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, the Pain Disability Index, and psychological measures of depression and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a highly reliable instrument for evaluating neck pain with at least four underlying dimensions. Further work to address the predictive validity of this new tool are under way.     

The ability to change of three questionnaires for neck pain

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity to change of three algofunctional scales for neck pain. METHODS: Observational, prospective study. Patients with neck disorders were included. Pain and patients' perceived handicap assessed on visual analogue scales (VAS Pain, VAS Handicap), and functional disability measures (Neck Disability Index, Neck Pain and Disability Scale, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire) were recorded twice, at baseline and at an 11-month follow-up assessment. Sensitivity to change was assessed using the effect size (ES) and the standardised response mean (SRM), and the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the correlation between quantitative variable changes and patients' overall opinion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey-test was performed to determine if the scales distinguished improved, stable, and deteriorated patients. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients (43 women, mean age 49 years) were included and evaluated twice at an interval of 11 +/- 2 months. The three scales showed good sensitivity to change. The ANOVA showed a group effect, and individual changes in the scales scores were statistically different in two-by-two comparisons (improved, stable or deteriorated patients). Changes in NPDS scores had the highest correlation with patient's overall assessment (r = 0.592). CONCLUSION: The three scales can detect changes in patients with neck disorders. Changes in NPDS score had the best correlation with patients' overall opinion concerning their neck disorder and this questionnaire should be given preference in clinical trials.     

Validation of the French version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire

Self questionnaires are an important aspect of the management of neck pain patients. The Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ), based on the biopsychosocial model, is designed to evaluate patients with neck pain. The validated English version of this questionnaire (BQc-English) has psychometric properties that range from moderate to excellent. The goal of this study is to translate and validate a French version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire for neck pain patients (BQc-f). Its translation and adaptation are performed using the translation back-translation method, generating a consensus among the translators. This validation study was performed on 68 subjects (mean age 41 years old) who participated in a randomized controlled trial regarding the efficiency of manual therapy for neck pain patients. This experimental protocol was designed to generate data in order to evaluate the construct validity, longitudinal validity, test-retest reliability and responsiveness. The BQc-f psychometric properties of construct validity (r = 0.67, 0.61, 0.42) for pre treatment, post treatment and longitudinal validity, respectively), test-retest reliability (r = 0.97) and responsiveness (effect size = 0.56 and mean standardized response = 0.61) are sufficient to suggest it could be used in the management of patients with neck pain.     

Reliability,validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale

Background  

Until recently, no Japanese versions have existed of the more popular, patient-reported disability questionnaires for neck pain. This study aimed to test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), one of the most widely used questionnaires in patients with neck pain.     

Construct validity of the Chinese version of the Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire (PRWE-Hong Kong Version).

With increasing economic globalization, including health care, it is important to use standardized outcome measures applicable to a broad spectrum of patients in a wide array of countries. The purpose of this study was to verify construct and content validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire (PRWE-Hong Kong version). The PRWE was translated into Chinese, and face validity was established by inviting experts and patients to participate in the panel review of the questionnaire. A correlation field study was performed using a convenience sample of 47 patients with wrist injuries. Patients were assessed at baseline and six weeks after the initial measurement. The following measures were taken: the Chinese version of the PRWE and the Medical Outcome Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, active wrist range of motion, grip strength, and the Jebsen Hand Function Test. Statistical analysis consisted of Pearson correlation coefficients (convergent validity), factor analysis (content validity), paired t-test (convergent validity), and the Cronbach alpha (internal consistency). Clinically relevant correlations existed between "Pain at rest" and the VAS "resting pain" (r=0.785, p<0.0001) as well as between "Pain on repeated wrist movement" and the VAS "exertion pain" (r=0.872, p<0.0001). The "Physical Component Summary" of the SF-36 was found significantly correlated with the PRWE function subset total score (r=-0.618, p<0.0001), and the PRWE total score (r=-0.645, p<0.0001). The specific function subset score also correlated with the wrist flexion range (r=-0.308, p<0.0001) and the grip strength (r=-0.488, p=0.035). Two factors were found that accounted for 61% of the variance. The Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from 0.7805 to 0.9502, indicating that the internal consistency of the questionnaire items was sound and reliable. Positive correlations between the wrist ranges of motion (ROM) and the specific function subset score showed that the function subset measured dimensions related to wrist-specific performance in activities of daily living. Factor analysis results supported the construct validity of the PRWE-Hong Kong version in wrist-injured patients. Internal consistency testing results suggested that item consistency within subset items was good and persisted over time. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the PRWE is a reliable and valid self-rated tool in measuring treatment outcome. It supplements traditional objective clinical measures and is potentially applicable in Hong Kong clinical settings.     

Neck and back pain specific outcome assessment questionnaires in the Spanish language: a systematic literature review

Background contextAccurate measurement of functional improvement in clinical practice is becoming increasingly recognized as essential in demonstrating whether patients are deriving meaningful benefit from care. Several simple questionnaires have been developed for this purpose. The majority of these have been developed in English. In North America, there is a growing need for clinical tools, including outcome assessment tools that are available in the Spanish language.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding spine-specific outcome assessment questionnaires that are available in Spanish and to examine the evidence on their clinical utility.Study designSystematic review.MethodsThe Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and MANTIS databases were searched for any studies on the topic of outcome assessment questionnaires in the Spanish language. Relevant articles were reviewed, and the data on reliability, validity, time to completion, and any other properties of the questionnaire was extracted.ResultsThe search strategy identified 287 articles, of which 10 were deemed relevant. With regard to neck pain, data were found regarding Spanish translations of the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Core Outcome Measure for neck pain. With regard to low back pain, data were found regarding Spanish translations of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), and the North American Spine Society—American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons questionnaire.ConclusionsSeveral reliable and valid outcome assessment questionnaires are available in the Spanish language. All were originally developed in English. It appears from the data reviewed that the most useful instruments are the NDI for neck pain patients and the ODI and RMQ for low back pain patients. The current trend is for the development of culturally adapted versions of these questionnaires that are specific to a particular country or region.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 Among Patients Who Have Undergone Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) has been well characterized in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the TSK-11 for Chinese-speaking patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus, the objectives of this study were to translate and adapt the TSK-11 cross-culturally into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of Chinese TKA patients.MethodsThe TSK-11 was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Chinese according to the international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The Chinese version of TSK-11 was administered to 254 patients following their TKA, along with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Psychometric testing included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, construct validity, and convergent validity.ResultsA high completion rate of 95.8% with no floor or ceiling effects was noted in the Chinese version of the TSK-11. The questionnaire also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.883) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.798). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, and 3 factors were extracted that accounted for 65.2% of the variance. Convergent validity was confirmed by significant Pearson correlations between the Chinese version of the TSK-11 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = 0.751), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (r = 0.719) and VAS (r = 0.450), as well as the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey subdomains Bodily Pain (r = ?0.391), Mental Health (r = ?0.356), Physical Functioning (r = ?0.339), Role-Emotional (r = ?0.317), and Role-Physical (r = ?0.277).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the TSK-11 demonstrated satisfactory acceptability, reliability, and validity; therefore, it can be used in clinical practice and research for assessing kinesiophobia in Chinese patients after TKA.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis to Spanish

The aim of this study was the validation and transcultural adaptation of the Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis to Spanish, following the steps defined by “Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures.” A cross-sectional study was driven in 153 patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis diagnosis. Statistical analysis measured the internal consistency, the test-retest reliability, the construct validity with the Spanish version of Foot and Function Index, and a factorial analysis. The questionnaire Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis was also given to a group of 10 people who received a physiotherapy treatment based on manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and health education, which aim was to determine the questionnaire's sensitivity to changes. The questionnaire showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.99, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98 [0.97-0.98]), good convergent validity with a moderate correlation with the Foot and Function Index (rho = 0.677, p < .0001) and no floor or ceiling effects were detected. The factorial analysis revealed that the first 3 factors showed 42.47% of variance, finding only 1 latent feature. Statistically significant differences were found in those patients who received physiotherapy treatment after 1 month, revealing that the questionnaire was sensitive to changes in the symptoms of subjects with plantar fasciitis. The Spanish version of Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis has proved to be a valid, reliable, and change-sensitive tool for patients with plantar fasciitis.     

Validation of the Japanese version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire

The study was designed to validate a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire. We examined the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Japanese version of the Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RDQ) when assessing disability in Japanese patients with low back pain. The RDQ is a reliable, validated scale used to measure disability caused by low back pain. However, no validated Japanese version of this questionnaire is available. A series of 214 outpatients with low back pain participated in this validation study. The patients were given the RDQ and the SF-36, and assessed their pain and global rating of health. Among them, 57 who were clinically stable were given the RDQ again 2 weeks later. The reliability was examined based on the test-retest method and internal consistency. Sufficient reliability was demonstrated with a Chronbach's · coefficient of 0.85, and the reproducibility for the 30 patients was r = 0.91. The principal component analysis showed unidimensionality. The RDQ score of the 133 patients was significantly improved after treatment. The Japanese version of the RDQ is a useful scale that is easy to use with reliability, validity, and responsiveness when assessing patients with low back pain.     

Evaluation of the Chinese version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH-HKPWH): cross-cultural adaptation process, internal consistency and reliability study.

The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) was translated into Chinese by a physiotherapy team of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (DASH-HKPWH). OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the cross-cultural adaptation process, face validity, internal consistency and reliability of the DASH-HKPWH. METHOD: Language officers and medical professionals from different fields were invited to translate and evaluate the face validity of the DASH-HKPWH. 88 patients were recruited to complete two DASH questionnaires on two occasions 1-2 weeks apart. RESULTS: Some adjustments were made to the translations based on the cultural and linguistic practice in Hong Kong. The face validity was satisfactory with a mean endorsement score of 3.2. The difference between the mean of DASH scores was not significant (t = -0.35, p = 0.73). The ICC (1,1) and Cronbach's alpha for the 30-item Disability/Symptom of the DASH-HKPWH was 0.77 and 0.94, respectively. CONCLUSION: The translation was valid and reliable and acceptably equivalent to the original version. The questionnaire is suitable for measuring changes experienced by patients with any upper extremity disorders.     

Validation of the functional rating index for the assessment of athletes with neck pain

AIM: To validate the culturally-adapted Persian Functional Rating Index(PFRI) for assessing neck pain(NP) in athletes. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 100 athletes with NP and 50 healthy athletes participated and responded to the PFRI. Fifty athletes with NP completed the PFRI for at least 7 d later to establish test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The athletes with NP responded to all items, indicating excellent clinical utility. No floor and ceiling effects were found, indicating content validity and responsiveness. The PFRI revealed capability to discriminate between the athletes with NP and healthy athletes. The PFRI demonstrated strong correlation with the Numerical Rating Scale(Spearman's rho = 0.94), and the Persian Neck Disability Index(Pearson r = 0.995), supporting criterion and construct validity. Internal consistency reliability was high(Cronbach's α coefficient: 0.97). The test-retest reliability was excellent(ICCagreement = 0.96). The absolute reliability values of standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change were 3.2 and 8.84, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis yielded one factor explaining 78.03% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The PFRI is a valid and reliable measure of functional status in athletes with NP.     

中文版灵性应对问卷的修订及在晚期癌症患者中的信效度检验

目的对灵性应对问卷进行汉化、修订和信效度检验,为晚期癌症患者提供灵性测评工具。方法对英文版灵性应对问卷进行翻译、专家咨询、文化调适等形成中文版灵性应对问卷,调查广州市3所三甲医院442例晚期癌症患者检验中文版问卷的信效度。结果中文版灵性应对问卷共26个条目,7个维度,包括积极灵性应对(个人、社会、环境、超越),消极灵性应对(个人、社会、超越)2个分量表。内容效度为0.933;7个公因子累积方差贡献率为73.251%;验证性因子分析显示χ²/df=1.982,CFI=0.926,IFI=0.927,TLI=0.910,RMSEA=0.067,RMR=0.047;分量表的内部一致性Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.884和0.908,重测信度分别为0.933和0.938。结论中文版灵性应对问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于测量我国晚期癌症患者的灵性应对方式。     

The Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck (POS-head/neck): a new patient-based outcome measure.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a new patient-based outcome measure in plastic surgery for head/neck skin lesions for use in audit, clinical trials and effectiveness studies. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Questionnaire development and validation study. Qualitative methods, including interviews with 27 patients, were carried out to develop a preliminary version of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was then field tested by postal survey of 141 pre- and 250 post-surgery patients to produce a shortened (item-reduced) questionnaire and to evaluate acceptability, reliability, validity and responsiveness. A second field test was carried out by postal survey in an independent sample of 67 pre-surgery patients to further evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychometric properties of acceptability, reliability, validity, and responsiveness were assessed. RESULTS: We developed a new measure, the Patient Outcomes of Surgery-Head/Neck (POS-Head/Neck), which includes a six- and nine-item pre- and post-surgery questionnaire, respectively. Results confirmed the acceptability (missing data <10%, evenly distributed endorsement frequencies), reliability (Cronbach alphas >0.76, item-total correlations >0.22), validity (scale inter-correlations r=0.50, scaling assumptions, correlations with age and sex < -0.25) and responsiveness (effect size=0.63) of the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The POS-Head/Neck is a new surgical outcome measure that can be used to evaluate outcomes in malignant and benign head/neck skin lesions before and after surgery is acceptable to patients and satisfies rigorous scientific criteria.     

Sensibilité au changement de trois questionnaires d’évaluation des cervicalgies

Objective. – To assess the sensitivity to change of three algo-functional scales for neck pain.Methods. – Observational, prospective study. Patients with neck disorders were included. Pain and patients’ perceived handicap were assessed on visual analog scales (VAS Pain, VAS Handicap), and functional disability measures (Neck Disability Index, Neck Pain and Disability Scale, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire) were recorded twice, at baseline and at an 11-months follow-up assessment. Sensitivity to change was assessed using the effect size (ES) and the standardised response mean (SRM), and the non parametric Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the correlation between quantitative variable changes and patients’ overall opinion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey test were performed to determine if the scales distinguished improved, stable, and deteriorated patients.Results. – Seventy-one patients (43 women, mean age 49 years) were included and evaluated twice at an interval of 11 ± 2 months. The three scales showed good sensitivity to change. The ANOVA showed a group effect, and individual changes in the scales scores were statistically different in two-by-two comparisons (improved, stable or deteriorated patients). Changes in NPDS scores had the highest correlation with patient’s overall assessment (r = 0.592).Conclusion. – The three scales can detect changes in patients with neck disorders. Changes in NPDS score had the best correlation with patients’ overall opinion concerning their neck disorder and this questionnaire should be given preference in clinical trials.     

中文版斜弱视患者生存质量量表的信度和效度检测

目的检测中文版斜弱视患者生存质量量表(Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire,ASQE)的信度和效度。方法通过系统的前译-回译形成中文版ASQE,并对119例斜弱视患者进行测定,对结果进行信度和效度分析。结果中文版ASQE共5个维度26个条目,总量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.906,重测信度为0.725～1.000,折半信度为0.893。各维度得分和量表总分相关(r=0.576～0.857,均P<0.01),因子分析提取了6个特征根大于1的因子,各条目载荷0.387～0.889,6个因子累积解释了66.697%的变异。结论中文版ASQE具有良好的信度和效度,适合中国斜弱视患者生存质量的测量。     

Psychometric properties and validation of the German-language King's Health Questionnaire in women with stress urinary incontinence

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of and validate the German-language version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A total of 145 women treated for stress incontinence with surgery or physiotherapy completed the the KHQ and the SF-36 before and after treatment. Psychometric analyses of the quality of life (QoL) instruments determined the reliability (Cronbach's alpha), internal and external validity, and responsiveness of the KHQ subscales. RESULTS: The KHQ showed good internal consistency, content validity, and criterion validity as measured by correlation with scores on the SF-36. Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.76 to 0.86, indicating a high internal consistency of the subscales. Concerning criterion validity, correlations between the KHQ subscales and the SF-36 were low to moderate. The highest correlation was found between the general health perception subscales of both questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate good psychometric properties for the German-language KHQ.     

Development of a Valid Simplified Chinese Version of the Oxford Hip Score in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis

Background

Although the Oxford Hip Score has been translated and validated in several languages, there is currently no Chinese version of the outcomes measurement. Our study aims to crossculturally adapt and validate the Oxford Hip Score into a simplified Chinese version.

Questions/purposes

We tested the (1) reliability; (2) validity; and (3) responsiveness of the Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score.

Methods

First we translated the Oxford Hip Score into simplified Chinese, then back into English, then held a consensus meeting to achieve the final simplified Chinese version. Then we evaluated the psychometric properties of Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). All patients undergoing THA between July and December 2012 were invited to participate in this study; a total of 108 (79% of 136 invited) did so. To assess the test-retest validity, all participants completed the Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score again with a 2-week interval. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the construct validity between the Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score and visual analog scale (VAS), Harris hip score, and eight individual domains of the SF-36. Responsiveness was demonstrated by comparing the pre- and postoperative scores of the Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score.

Results

The test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (0.937) and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha (0.91) were excellent. The Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score correlated with the Harris hip score (0.89, p < 0.01), VAS (−0.79, p < 0.01), and Physical Functioning (0.79, p < 0.01) and Bodily Pain (0.70, p < 0.01) domains of SF-36, which suggested construct validity. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The effect size and standardized response mean values were 3.52 and 3.31, respectively, indicating good responsiveness.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Oxford Hip Score showed good reliability, validity, and responsiveness in evaluating standard Chinese-speaking patients with hip osteoarthritis undergoing THA. It can be used by clinical surgeons as a complement to the traditional outcome measures.     

Translation,Cultural Adaptation,and Psychometric Evaluation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index in Persian-Speaking Iranians With Foot Disorders

Foot pain has a significantly detrimental effect on mobility, function, and health status. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to assess foot health and its impact on quality of life. This study was conducted to translate the original English Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) into Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version. A total of 206 patients with a range of foot disorders filled out the Persian version of the MFPDI and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The Persian version of the MFPDI was re-completed by the participants at an interval of 5 to 7 days. The analyses performed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effect analysis. The Persian MFPDI had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). The construct validity of the Persian MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable as a result of its significantly strong negative correlations with the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the MFPDI is a valid and reliable measure to assess foot-related disability.     

中文改编版颈部疼痛和残疾量表的信度和效度

目的评估中文改编版颈部疼痛和残疾量表（SC-NPAD）的信度和效度。方法将颈部疼痛和残疾量表翻译、修订成中文版,对2008年5月至2009年3月117例第二军医大学附属长海医院骨科门诊患者进行测试,其中106例（90．1%）患者完成问卷。对量表进行因子分析,定义分量表并评估其内部一致性。第一次完成问卷5～7d,随机选择36例患者对应发放第二份问卷,共35例进入重复性测试;同时对SF-36健康调查量表（SF-36）进行发放和回收。对SC-NPAD和SF-36量表进行相关性分析。结果因子分析结果表明,SC-NPAD4个分量表——“疼痛”、“残疾”、“颈部特殊功能”和“情感和认知的影响”的内部一致性分别为0．935、0．952、0．955和0．910,重测信度良好（r=0．813,P=0．000）。SC-NPAD的所有分量表与SF-36及其生理功能、社会功能、物理职能、活力、躯体疼痛等5个独立域明显相关。结论SC-NPAD具有良好的信度和效度,适用于对中国颈部疼痛人群的评估。