卡氏肺大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的变化

目的探讨卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(Pneumocysitis carinii pneumonia,PCP)大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(Alveolar macrophage,AM)TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的变化。方法采用AM体外培养技术,应用RT-PCR法分别测定脂多糖(LPS)诱导的AM中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达的动态变化。结果肺泡巨噬细胞受LPS刺激后,PCP模型大鼠TNF-αmRNA在1、4 h表达高于正常组(P<0.05),IL-1βmRNA表达在4、8 h时表达高于正常组(P<0.01),IL-6mRNA表达在8 h时PCP高于正常(P<0.05),表达峰值都提前,并且在4 h达到峰值。结论LPS刺激后,PCP大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞在早期可能更易分泌TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6作为免疫分子,起免疫防御和免疫损伤作用。     

致炎与抗炎细胞因子对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞SR、CD14表达的影响

清道夫受体(scavenger receptor,SR)是细胞膜上的一类重要防御性受体,在LPS的摄取与降解过程中发挥重要作用.早期研究显示,内毒素血症时机体在高表达多种致炎与抗炎因子如TNF-α、IL-10的同时,多种组织巨噬细胞的SR表达下调.目的研究致炎与抗炎细胞因子对小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(alveolar macrophage,AM)SR、CD14表达的影响.[HTH〗方法分离昆明种小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,培养24h后以不同浓度TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10刺激不同时间(0、2、4、8、12、16、24h),用免疫细胞化学方法及RT-PCR方法分别检测SR/CD14蛋白及mRNA表达变化,所有实验重复3次.数据(光密度分析)采用SPSS软件进行统计分析,P＜0.05代表差异显著,P＜0.01代表差异非常显著.结果①TNF-α及IL-6单独刺激AM均能以剂量-时间依赖关系增强CD14的表达,但抑制SR的表达.刺激后2h可检测到CD14/SR蛋白及mRNA的表达变化(P＜0.05),随刺激时间增加变化更趋明显,12h时变化最为明显,CD14表达达高峰(P＜0.01),SR表达至低谷(与正常对照组相比,蛋白水平及mRNA水平均有P＜0.01),TNF-α浓度在0-100μg/L范围内及IL-6浓度在0-1000μg/L范围内对CD14/SR表达的影响具有剂量依赖关系,刺激剂量越大,影响越明显;②IL-10刺激AM6h后能增强SRmRNA的表达并部份抑制CD14mRNA表达(P＜0.05),刺激16h对SR/CD14的影响最为明显(P＜0.01),免疫组化同样显示出IL-10增强SR的表达(P＜0.01),但对CD14表达没有明显影响.结论①致炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6刺激小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞能以剂量-时间依赖关系从mRNA及蛋白水平上调CD14、下调SR的表达.②抗炎细胞因子IL-10能以时间依赖关系从mRNA及蛋白水平上调SR表达,同时能在mRNA水平下调CD14表达.     

创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14和促/抗炎细胞因子基因表达及抗生素干预研究

目的 探讨创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织内毒素受体CD14和促/抗炎细胞因子(TNF-α/IL-10)的基因表达及抗萧药物头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左旋氧氟沙星的干预效应.方法 注射创伤弧菌构建创伤弧菌脓毒症模型及药物干预模型,RT-PCR检测大鼠肝组织CD14、TNF-α和IL-10的基因表达水平.结果 与正常对照组(NC组)相比,创伤弧菌脓毒症组(VV组)感染细菌2、6、9、12、16 h的CD14mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达量均明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10 mRNA表达昔在感染后9、12、16 h也明显升高(P<0.05).创伤弧菌脓毒症联用抗生素干预组(AA组)CD14 mRNA表达在感染后9 h,TNF-αmRNA表达在感染后9、12 h,IL-10 mRNA表达在感染后9、12、16 h仍明显高于NC组(P<0.05).与相同时间点的VV组相比,从组感染后9、12、16 h的CD14 mRNA表达量,16 h的TNF-α mRNA和IL-10mRNA表达最均明显降低(P<0.05).结论 创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14 mRNA表达在脓毒症早期即达高峰,脓毒症过程中表现为持续增高,脓毒症早期肝组织TNF-α mRNA明显升高,脓毒症中后期肝组织IL-10 mRNA才逐渐增多.及早使用头孢哌酮钠和乳酸左氧氟沙星可明显减低创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织CD14 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA和IL-10 mRNA表达水平.头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左氧氟沙星可显著减少创伤弧菌脓毒症肝组织的内毒素受体的表达,有利于机体致炎/抗炎平衡恢复.     

微小RNA-146a在大黄素对脂多糖诱导的肺泡巨噬细胞炎症反应中的作用

目的：探讨微小RNA-146a(miR-146a)在大黄素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肺泡巨噬细胞炎症反应中的作用。方法将体外去致热源培养的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞株NR8383分为空白对照组、LPS处理组和大黄素+LPS处理组,细胞培养6 h后收集细胞,采用实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测细胞中miR-146a的表达,Western blot法检测细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达。结果与空白对照组相比较,LPS作用后细胞中miR-146a、TNF-α和IL-6表达量明显升高;与LPS处理组相比较,大黄素+LPS处理组中miR-146a表达量显著上调,而TNF-α和IL-6表达量显著下调。结论大黄素可上调肺泡巨噬细胞中miR-146a的表达,大黄素可抑制巨噬细胞中TNF-α和IL-6的表达,miR-146a可能参与调控大黄素抗肺泡巨噬细胞炎症反应过程。     

microRNA-1285-3p在脓毒症急性肺损伤中的表达及其与炎症因子水平的相关性

目的探讨microRNA(miRNA)-1285-3p在脓毒症急性肺损伤(ALI)中的表达及其与炎症因子、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6水平的相关性。方法对大鼠进行腹腔注射内毒素脂多糖(LPS)诱导急性肺损伤大鼠模型,选取相同数量的大鼠作为对照组;各模型组大鼠注射LPS 4 h、8 h、12 h以及24 h后,观察各组大鼠肺组织病理学变化,并检测肺组织中microRNA-1285-3p、TNF-α与IL-6的含量变化。利用LPS刺激大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(NR8383细胞),在4 h、8 h、12 h以及24 h不同时间点检测细胞中microRNA-1285-3p、TNF-α与IL-6的含量变化,并分析细胞中microRNA-1285-3p的表达与TNF-α、IL-6表达的相关性。以生物信息学方法对microRNA-1285-3p及其靶基因进行预测,上调或下调NR8383细胞microRNA-1285-3p表达,以LPS刺激后,12 h后观察microRNA-1285-3p的表达变化,利用蛋白免疫印迹试验(Western blot)检测24 h后细胞中microRNA-1285-3p靶蛋白与NF-κB的表达变化。结果 LPS 4 h组、LPS 8 h组、LPS 12 h组、LPS 24 h组肺组织及NR8383细胞系中的microRNA-1285-3p表达量均分别低于对照组(P0.05),而TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于对照组(P0.05);microRNA-1285-3p表达与TNF-α、IL-6均呈负相关关系(均P0.05);microRNA-1285-3p mimic组Notch1蛋白(Notch信号通路受体蛋白之一)的表达低于对照组(P0.05);microRNA-1285-3p抑制剂(inhibitor)组Notch1蛋白的表达水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论microRNA-1285-3p可能通过调控脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠的Notch1蛋白的表达,影响炎症因子TNF-α与IL-6的表达,参与其免疫炎症调控过程。     

重度烧伤大鼠血清对巨噬细胞Notch1的激活及分泌功能的影响

目的研究重度烧伤大鼠血清刺激后巨噬细胞Notch1蛋白表达变化,及其细胞分泌因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平变化。方法选取成年雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为假伤组、烧伤24 h组和烧伤7 d组,每组8只。烧伤组SD大鼠造成约30%总体表面积(TBSA)Ⅲ度烧伤,分别于伤后24 h、7 d收集血清;假伤组大鼠用37℃水浴,水浴后24 h取其血清作为对照。用上述各组血清制成20%培养液,刺激小鼠源巨噬细胞系RAW264.7,分别于加入血清刺激后即刻和刺激4、8、12、24、48 h后收取细胞及其上清液。另外用含20%假伤血清+脂多糖(100 ng/m L)培养液刺激巨噬细胞,于相同时间点收样。Western Blot检测各时间点巨噬细胞中Notch1蛋白表达变化,酶联免疫吸咐试验检测刺激24 h后培养上清液中IL-6及TNF-α的含量变化。结果 (1)假伤组血清刺激后即刻和刺激4、8、12、24、48 h后,Notch1蛋白表达无明显变化;(2)烧伤24 h组血清刺激后,Notch1蛋白表达明显升高,并随时间延长而达高峰;(3)烧伤7 d组血清刺激后,Notch1蛋白表达无明显变化,与假伤组血清刺激结果类似;(4)假伤组血清+脂多糖混合刺激后,Notch1蛋白表达明显增加;(5)烧伤24 h组血清及假伤组血清+脂多糖,上清液中IL-6和TNF-α含量均明显高于假伤组血清及烧伤7 d组血清。结论烧伤血清刺激下的巨噬细胞Notch1信号被激活,IL-6及TNF-α分泌能力增强,且这种激活可被脂多糖刺激所模拟。     

血管活性肠肽对肺泡巨噬细胞活化和p38MAPK信号通路影响的实验研究

目的 研究血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）对肺泡巨噬细胞活化的影响。方法 原代小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞分为Normal组（正常对照）、LPS组（脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞活化）、LPS+VIP组(脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞活化后,10^-6mol/L VIP干预)。3 C57BL/6小鼠随机分为Normal组（正常对照）,ALI组（急性肺损伤）,ALI+VIP组(急性肺损伤后,10^-8mol/L VIP气管滴入)。免疫荧光法检测肺泡巨噬细胞标记物CD86和白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）的表达;ELISA法检测细胞培养上清和血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、IL-6的含量;RT-PCR法检测巨噬细胞和肺组织内TNF-α、IL-6、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK）mRNA的表达水平;Western blot法检测各组巨噬细胞和肺组织内TNF-α、IL-6、p38MAPK、p-p...     

硫化氢对严重烧伤早期大鼠血清TNF-α及MDA含量变化的干预作用研究

目的研究硫化氢(H2S)对重度烧伤大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及丙二酫(MDA)含量变化的干预作用,并探讨应用H2S后血清中TNF-α及MDA含量变化在烧伤创面及机体损伤中的应用价值。方法以硫氢化钠(NaHS)作为H2S的供体,将120只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为单纯烧伤组(n=48)、H2S干预组(n=48)、正常对照组(n=24)。每组又分为6个时相点,单纯烧伤组与H2S干预组各时相点8只大鼠,正常对照组各时相点4只。H2S干预组定时每日1次腹腔注射NaHS(56μmol/kg),5d干预完成后与单纯烧伤组均建立SD大鼠重度烧伤模型,正常对照组假烫做参照对比,分别于伤后2h、6h、12h、24h、48h、96h检测各组大鼠血清中TNF-α及MDA的含量变化情况。结果单纯烧伤组和H2S干预组的病死率分别为12.50%、4.17%,感染率分别为22.91%、10.41%。与正常对照组相比,单纯烧伤组和H2S干预组血清中TNF-α及MDA含量均有明显升高(P0.05)。与单纯烧伤组相比,H2S干预组血清TNF-α及MDA含量水平均明显下降(P0.05)。结论 H2S干预能降低重度烧伤大鼠血清中TNF-α及MDA含量,对重度烧伤大鼠组织和器官损伤具有保护作用。     

肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4/MyD88信号通路参与并介导了机械通气所致的肺损伤

目的探讨肺泡巨噬细胞Toll样受体4/髓样分化因子88(TLR-4/My D88)信号通路在呼吸机相关性肺损伤中的作用。方法 30只成年SD大鼠行经口气管插管,给予40 m L/kg潮气量通气240 min,建立呼吸机相关性肺损伤模型,机械通气结束后,使用4℃PBS经气管导管缓慢注入并回收支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),提纯肺泡巨噬细胞。收集并培养肺泡巨噬细胞,随机分为3组:PBS刺激组(CON组);TNF-α刺激联合PBS组(STI组);TNF-α刺激联合抗TLR4单克隆抗体(m Ab)干预组(ANT组);每组8个样本。CON组细胞用PBS结合2 h后,继续用PBS培养16 h;STI组细胞用PBS结合2 h后,采用20 ng/m L TNF-α培养16 h;ANT组细胞用PBS液及TLR4 m Ab结合2 h后,用20 ng/m L TNF-α培养16 h。ELISA检测各组上清液TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达;反转录PCR检测各组肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4、TLR9、髓样分化因子88(My D88)、核因子κB(NF-κB)的mRNA表达,Western blot法检测各组肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4、TLR9、My D88、NF-κB的蛋白表达。结果与CON组比较,STI组及ANT组细胞培养上清液TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的浓度明显增高;STI组肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4 mRNA、My D88 mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达水平明显增高;ANT组肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4 mRNA、My D88 mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达水平无明显变化。与STI组比较,ANT组细胞培养上清液TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的浓度明显降低;肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4 mRNA、My D88 mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达水平明显下调。3组TLR9 mRNA与蛋白表达水平相近。结论炎症因子刺激可调节TLR4、My D88、NF-κB分泌增加,肺泡巨噬细胞TLR4-My D88信号通路参与并介导了机械通气所致的肺损伤。     

血管活性肠肽对肺泡巨噬细胞活化和p38MAPK信号通路影响的实验研究

目的 研究血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）对肺泡巨噬细胞活化的影响。方法 原代小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞分为Normal组（正常对照）、LPS组（脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞活化）、LPS+VIP组(脂多糖刺激巨噬细胞活化后,10^-6mol/L VIP干预)。3 C57BL/6小鼠随机分为Normal组（正常对照）,ALI组（急性肺损伤）,ALI+VIP组(急性肺损伤后,10^-8mol/L VIP气管滴入)。免疫荧光法检测肺泡巨噬细胞标记物CD86和白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）的表达;ELISA法检测细胞培养上清和血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、IL-6的含量;RT-PCR法检测巨噬细胞和肺组织内TNF-α、IL-6、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK）mRNA的表达水平;Western blot法检测各组巨噬细胞和肺组织内TNF-α、IL-6、p38MAPK、p-p...     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...