中国南海黑乳海参共附生白色侧齿霉菌中的甾体类成分

目的对中国南海黑乳海参共附生白色侧齿霉菌Engyodontium album的次生代谢产物进行研究。方法运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等分离手段对白色侧齿霉菌Engyodontium album的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,根据现代波谱技术结合文献报道进行结构鉴定。结果共分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为:(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(3)、3β,5α-二羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(4)、3β,5α-二羟基-6β-甲氧基-麦角甾-7,22-二烯(5)。结论本研究是对黑乳海参共附生白色侧齿霉菌次生代谢产物的首次报道,这5个化合物均为首次从白色侧齿霉菌Engyodontium album中分离得到。     

变绿红菇化学成分研究

目的研究变绿红菇Russula virescens子实体化学成分。方法变绿红菇子实体用95%乙醇浸泡提取浓缩,经硅胶、RP-8、Sephadex LH-20等多种材料进行分离,波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离鉴定了8个化合物,分别为铁屎米酮(canthin-6-one,Ⅰ)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(Ⅱ)、3β-羟基-麦角甾-5,7-22-三烯(Ⅲ)、3β,5α,6β-三羟基-麦角甾-7,22-二烯(Ⅳ)、硫代乙酸酐(Ⅴ)、顺丁烯二酸(Ⅵ)、D-阿洛醇(Ⅶ)、腺嘌呤核苷(Ⅷ)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该菌中分到,其中化合物为首次从该属中分到。     

褐皮马勃发酵液的化学成分

目的研究褐皮马勃的化学成分。方法从褐皮马勃发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取部分运用色谱方法分离纯化化合物,并通过理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物的化学结构。结果从褐皮马勃的乙酸乙酯萃取部分共分离得到13个化合物,分别为：麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇,麦角甾-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮,（22E,24R）-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇,胡萝卜苷,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮,4-酮戊酸,IlludinsⅠ,2-（4-羟基苯基）乙酸乙酯,D-蒜糖醇,对羟基苯甲酸,5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛,甘油的亚油酸三酯,硬脂酸。结论褐皮马勃与《中华人民共和国药典》收载的中药脱皮马勃在化学成分上存在较大差异。     

波谱和X-衍射分析鉴定赤芝子实体三萜类化合物的结构

目的 对赤芝子实体的化学成分进行研究。方法 利用各种色谱技术进行分离，主要采用一维、二维核磁谱及X-衍射分析进行结构鉴定。结果 从赤芝子实体中分离得到4个化合物，其结构经波谱和X-衍射分析鉴定为：3β-氧-甲酰基-7β，12β-二羟基-4，4，14α-三甲基-5α-胆甾-11，15-二酮-8-烯（E）-24-酸（3β-oxo-formyl-7β，12β-dihy-droxy-4,4,14α-trimethyl-5α-chol-11,15-dioxo-8-ene(E)-24-oic acid,VI);3β-氧-甲酰基-7β，12β-二羟基-5α-羊毛甾-11，15，23-三酮-8-烯（E）-26-酸（3β-oxo-formyl-7β，12β-dihydroxy-5α-lanost-11,15,23-troxo-8-en(E)-26-oci acid,Ⅶ）；麦角甾醇（ergosterol,Ⅷ）；麦角甾-7，22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-01，IX）。结论 化合物Ⅵ和Ⅶ为新化合物。     

茯苓化学成分分离与结构鉴定

目的 研究茯苓中化学成分,阐明茯苓药效物质基础.方法 采用稀乙醇提取,各种柱色谱法如硅胶、反相、凝胶等,以及结晶法进行分离纯化,用紫外光谱、核磁共振、质谱等各种光谱波谱技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定.结果 从茯苓中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为乙酰依布里酸(1),麦角甾醇过氧化物(2),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(3),麦角甾-7-烯-3β醇(4),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β醇(5),茯苓酸(6),去氢土莫酸(7),3-表-去氢土莫酸(8),依布里酸(9),3β-羟基-羊毛甾-7,9(11),24-三烯-21-酸(10).结论 化合物1、2、3、4为首次从茯苓中分离得到.     

担子菌黄卷缘齿菌的化学成分

目的研究担子菌黄卷缘齿菌Hydnum rep andum的化学成分。方法通过硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶柱色谱分离化合物,运用氢谱、碳谱、二维核磁共振(1H1-HCO SY,HM QC,HM BC,NOESY)、质谱、高分辨质谱、旋光鉴定结果。结果共分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别是:sarcodon in A(Ⅰ)、scabron ine B(Ⅱ)、3β-羟基-5,α8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅲ)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3,β5,α6β-三醇(Ⅳ)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅴ)、苯甲酸(Ⅵ)、对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅶ)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(Ⅷ)、乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、硫代乙酸酐(Ⅹ)、(2S,2′R,3S,4R)-2-(2-羟基-十八碳酰胺)二十二碳烷-1,3,4-三醇(Ⅺ)。结论所有化合物都是首次在黄卷缘齿菌中分到。     

赤芝子实体化学成分的研究

目的研究赤芝子实体的化学成分。方法应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,并用NMR和MS等波谱方法解析其化学结构。结果从赤芝子实体的醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别被鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl pentadecanoate,)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,)、灵芝酸C2(ganoderic acid C2,)、ganodermanontriol()及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯[1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylpropyl)ester,]。结论化合物为新化合物,化合物为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

花生茎叶化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的 研究花生茎叶的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱和凝胶柱色谱Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定.结果 从70%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别为β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ)、正二十六碳酸乙酯(Ⅱ)、棕榈酸(Ⅲ)、5,8-过氧化麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β醇(Ⅳ)、水杨酸(Ⅴ)、尿嘧啶核苷(Ⅵ)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β醇(Ⅶ)、2-O-甲基-肌醇(Ⅶ)、9(Z),12(Z)-十八二烯酸(Ⅸ)、麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3-醇-7-酮(Ⅹ)、正二十九烷(Ⅺ).结论 除化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ,其余化合物均为首次从该属植物中分得.     

中国南海小月柳珊瑚Menella kanisa中过氧化甾体成分研究

目的研究中国南海小月柳珊瑚Menella kanisa中的化学成分。方法应用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、半制备反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)等多种分离手段对小月柳珊瑚Menella kanisa的乙醚提取物进行分离纯化,根据现代波谱技术结合文献报道进行结构鉴定。结果和结论从南海小月柳珊瑚Menella kanisa中分离得到5个过氧化麦角甾,分别鉴定为:5α,8α-过氧化胆甾-6-烯-3β-醇(1)、(22E)-5α,8α-过氧化胆甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(4)、24(E)-5α,8α-过氧化胆甾-24-乙基-6,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(5)。这5个过氧化甾醇均为首次从该种珊瑚中分离得到。     

块花柳珊瑚化学成分的研究

目的对采自中国广西省北海附近的块花柳珊瑚(Anthogorgia sp.)进行化学成分的研究。方法用硅胶柱层析(石油醚:丙酮=99:1,49:1,39:1,34:1,29:1,24:1,19:1,14:1,11:1,9:1,8:1,7:1,6:1,5:1,4:1,3:1,2:1,1:1,100%丙酮;氯仿:甲醇=24:1,19:1,14:1,9:1,7:1,5:1,3:1,1:1,1:4,1:9,1:39,100%甲醇)梯度洗脱和SephadexLH-20凝胶柱层析(正己烷:氯仿:甲醇2:1:1洗脱)对块花柳珊瑚丙酮提取物的乙醚部分进行分离纯化,并利用经1HNMR、13CNMR、MS等现代光谱技术对其进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到6个甾醇类化合物以及1个神经酰胺,其结构分别为:麦角甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3β-醇(1)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(2)、(22E,24S)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、胆甾-5-烯-3β,7β,19α-三醇(4)、(22E)-胆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、胆甾醇(6)、N-正十六碳酰基-正十八碳-4(E)-烯鞘胺醇(7)。结论这些化合物均首次从该种海洋动物中分离得到。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.