高糖高脂饮食致大鼠代谢综合征合并AD样改变动物模型的研究

目的 通过长期高糖高脂饮食导致动物出现代谢综合征合并AD样改变动物模型的研究。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为2组。正常对照组(用普通饲料饲喂) 24只,高糖高脂组( 饲以高糖高脂饲料)24只,连续喂养12 个月。于实验第 6、9、12月末观察动物体重、内脏脂肪重量并计算Lee指数; 检测血液中代谢综合征相关生化指标的变化;Western blotting测定海马Tau蛋白含量及其磷酸化水平;ELISA法检测海马Aβ的含量;HE染色观察脑组织病理改变。结果 与正常对照组相比,各阶段高糖高脂组大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量明显增加; 血清中FPG、TG、LDL等明显升高,HDL显著下降;海马Aβ、P-tau较对照组明显升高其差异有统计学意义;病理组织学显示模型组脑组织有明显的炎性浸润、小胶质细胞活化明显。结论 高糖高脂饮食建立的大鼠代谢综合征动物模型可合并出现AD样改变,可为老年痴呆动物模型的构建提供一个新的思路。     

高脂饮食诱导大鼠生精功能障碍

目的观察给予高脂饮食对大鼠生精功能的影响。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠20只随机分为正常对照组和高脂饮食模型组。正常对照组给予正常饮食喂养,高脂饮食模型组大鼠给予高脂饮食喂养,8周后观察其生精功能的变化。结果与正常组大鼠相比,高脂饮食组大鼠的睾丸重量/体重下降,组织学分析显示睾丸生精小管直径、生精细胞计数、间质细胞计数均下降,血清性激素水平明显异常。同时,高脂饮食组大鼠睾丸凋亡增强。结论高脂饮食可诱导大鼠生精功能障碍。     

褪黑素抑制高糖高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠体重的增长

目的观察褪黑素（MLT）对高糖高脂饮食喂养的肥胖SD大鼠体重的影响。方法正常饮食喂养16只SD大鼠,同时以高糖高脂饮食喂养的32只SD大鼠5个月后,建立肥胖动物模型。按照体重增加超过对照组20%作为标准从高糖高脂饮食喂养的32只SD大鼠中选取18只大鼠,将其分为肥胖对照组（D IO组）、MLT治疗组,各9只,分别给予腹腔注射生理盐水、MLT（4 mg/kg）,另设正常组（n=9）,来自于正常饲料喂养组,继续喂普通饲料,并给予生理盐水（5 mL）处理。每周监测体重和食物摄入量。实验末处死动物,分离腹部脂肪组织并称重。结果与肥胖对照组比较,MLT处理组肥胖大鼠体重降低16%,腹部脂肪减少达50%,各组相对摄食（每100 g体重摄食量）无明显差异。结论褪黑素能降低高糖高脂饮食大鼠的体重增长和脂肪沉积。     

刺五加皂苷对高脂高糖饮食大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:研究刺五加皂苷对高脂高糖饮食大鼠学习记忆能力的影响和机制。方法:将24只大鼠随机分为对照组、高脂高糖饮食组和刺五加皂苷干预组,每组各8只。通过高脂高糖饮食建立大鼠模型,刺五加皂苷腹腔注射进行干预,Y迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力,电生理实验检测海马CA1区长时程增强,Westernblot方法检测海马GSK-3β和磷酸化GSK-3β的表达。结果:刺五加皂苷组大鼠Y迷宫学习和记忆成绩明显高于高脂高糖饮食组,刺五加皂苷能增强高脂高糖饮食大鼠海马CA1区长时程(long-term potentiation,LTP),并且抑制海马脑组织中GSK-3β磷酸化。结论:刺五加皂苷能改善高脂高糖饮食大鼠学习记忆能力和降低突触的可塑性,其机制与抑制海马GSK-3β磷酸化有关。     

高糖高脂致大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝合并高血糖动物模型的研究

目的 建立饮食诱导非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)合并高血糖动物模型并观察其特点.方法 将64只SD大鼠随机分为2组.正常对照组(用普通饲料饲喂)32只,高糖高脂组(饲以高糖高脂饲料)32只,连续喂养12个月.于实验第3月末、第6月末、第9月末、第12月末观察动物体重、内脏脂肪重量;比较血液中有关血脂、血糖、炎症介质等方面的生化指标以及组织病理学观察.结果 与正常对照组相比,各阶段高糖高脂组大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量明显增加;血清ALT、FFA、LPS、TNF<,α>、FPG、FINS和HOMA-IR的水平都升高,其差异有统计学意义;而HOMA-β以第六个月出现代偿性增强后进行性衰退.病理组织学显示肝脏发生严重的脂变、脂肪肝进而发生肝炎、纤维化及肝硬化;随时间进展胰岛逐渐萎缩并伴有炎性浸润;脂肪细胞逐渐增大并伴有炎性浸润.结论 高糖高脂饮食可建立大鼠NAFLD合并高血糖动物模型,该模型可在NAFLD和相关的糖尿病研究中发挥作用.     

高脂饮食喂养形成高脂血症模型的验证研究与规律初探

目的 高脂饮食喂养SD大鼠8周建立高脂血症,验证该造模方法的可行性,并探究大鼠在不同时点的血脂变化规律。方法 正常雄性8周龄SD大鼠30只,适应性喂养1周后,根据体重随机分为对照组、模型1组、模型2组,每组10只。对照组给予普通饲料,模型组2组喂养高脂高胆固醇饲料,喂养时间为8周,每日计量各组饮食、饮水,4 d更换垫料并称重。分别在第4周、6周、8周末,动物禁食过夜并眼眶静脉丛采血,测定各组血脂四项水平。8周末动物处死,收集各组大鼠肝脏、主动脉进行HE染色。结果 与对照组相比,模型1组的日平均饮食量有所增加,但差异无统计学意义;模型2组的日平均饮食量明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。日饮水量与对照组相比,模型组2组饮水量明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。肝脏/体重指数与对照组相比,模型组2组明显增重,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。终末体重与对照组相比,模型组2组的体重增加,但只有模型1组有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血脂方面,与对照组相比,4周末、6周末模型组2组TC水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01或P<0.05）,8周末模型1组LDL-c水平明显升高,HDL-c水平降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。肝脏HE染色示对照组肝细胞排列正常,染色均匀,而模型组2组肝细胞大面积脂肪变,少数肝血窦内充血及炎症细胞浸润。主动脉HE染色示3组主动脉结构正常。结论 高脂饲料喂养SD大鼠建立高脂血成立,所造模型为高胆固醇血症并伴有严重的脂肪肝。同时,高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养SD大鼠形成高脂血症实验过程中,血脂波动呈现一个升高-内适应-升高的状态。在造模过程中,如何克服动物厌食并胆固醇代谢内调节这个问题,是高脂饲料喂养成模的关键所在。     

高脂高糖饲料喂养结合慢性应激促进大鼠胰岛素抵抗

目的： 考察高脂高糖饲料喂养结合慢性应激对大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法： 雄性大鼠分为普通饲料组、高脂高糖饲料（HFSD）组、普通饲料结合慢性应激（CS）组和高脂高糖饲料结合慢性应激（HFSD+CS）组。实验持续10周后,测量血脂、血糖及血胰岛素,高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹实验检测胰岛素抵抗,并检测肝细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α（PPAR-α） mRNA表达。结果： HFSD组、CS组和HFSD+CS组均表现胰岛素抵抗,且HFSD+CS组抵抗作用最明显。血脂异常、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、肝细胞PPAR-α mRNA表达下降在HFSD+CS组中也最明显。慢性应激结合高脂高糖饲料对胰岛素抵抗程度、高血糖及高游离脂肪酸状态产生明显的交互作用。结论： 慢性应激结合高脂高糖饲料喂养可起协同作用,促进胰岛素抵抗的发生,其产生原因主要与高血清游离脂肪酸状态有关。     

不同剂量燕麦β-葡聚糖对大鼠体重及血脂的影响

目的 研究不同剂量燕麦β-葡聚糖对体重及血脂的影响。方法 雄性SD 大鼠,按体重分层分为5组,每组10 只,分别为正常对照组、高脂对照组、燕麦β-葡聚糖低、中、高剂量组。实验阶段记录进食量并监测体重,连续喂养15周后空腹处死,测定空腹血糖（FBG）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）及游离脂肪酸（FFA）。取肾周脂肪、肠系膜脂肪以及附睾部脂肪称重。结果 燕麦β-葡聚糖低剂量组每日平均摄入能量显著高于正常对照组及高脂对照组（P<0.01）;空腹体重显著大于正常对照组（P<0.01）;TC高于正常对照组与高脂对照组,分别为P<0.01和P<0.05,LDL显著高于正常对照组与高脂对照组（P<0.01）;肾周脂肪、肠系膜脂肪及腹内总脂肪均显著大于正常对照组（P<0.01）,附睾脂肪大于正常对照组（P<0.05）;肾周脂肪、附睾脂肪及肠系膜脂肪均大于高脂对照组（P<0.05）,腹内总脂肪显著大于高脂对照组（P<0.01）。燕麦β-葡聚糖高剂量组空腹体重及肠系膜脂肪均小于高脂对照组（P<0.05）。结论 高剂量的燕麦β-葡聚糖可以很好的控制高脂高糖喂养大鼠的体重及肠系膜脂肪含量,低剂量却可以促进其食欲,并增加体重及血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。     

高脂饮食大鼠肾脏HMGCS2表达及调控研究

目的 探讨高脂饮食大鼠肾脏3-羟基-3甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶2（HMGCS2）表达及可能调控机制。方法 断乳Wistar 雄性大鼠27只分为3组：正常对照组（CON）、高脂组（HFG）、绿茶多酚（green tea polyphenols,GTPs）组（G）。CON组大鼠喂养普通饲料,HFG组及GTPs组给予高脂饲料,GTPs组同时自由摄食绿茶多酚浓度为1.6g/L水溶液。26周后测定空腹血糖（FPG）、血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）。免疫印迹法测定肾脏HMGCS2和Sirt3蛋白表达水平。结果 与CON组比较,HFG组大鼠体重和脂肪系数升高,血清FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C/HDLC均升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与HFG组比较,GTPs降低大鼠体重和脂肪系数,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,GTPs组血清FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C/HDLC均不同程度降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与CON组比较,肾脏组织HMGCS2的表达降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与HFG组比较,GTPs组增加肾脏HMGCS2的表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高脂饮食、正常饮食和GTPs干预后,大鼠肾脏组织Sirt3蛋白表达差异无统计学意义。结论 高脂饮食可降低肾脏组织HMGCS2表达,绿茶多酚可逆转此效应;高脂饮食及绿茶多酚对肾脏组织HMGCS2表达的调控不经Sirt3途径。     

樱桃冻干粉对高脂饮食致代谢综合征的影响

目的观察樱桃冻干粉对高脂饮食大鼠腹部肥胖、系统感染和高脂血证等代谢综合征的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法 18只Zucker雄性大鼠,随机分为3组即对照组、樱桃冻干粉低剂量组和高剂量组,每组各6只。对照组用高脂饲料喂养,樱桃冻干粉低、高剂量实验组用含樱桃冻干粉10 g/kg和20 g/kg(樱桃冻干粉重量/饲料重量)的高脂饲料喂养。喂养12周后,测定三组大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素(IL-6)水平、腹部脂肪重量和脂肪细胞中TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果与对照组相比樱桃冻干粉实验组大鼠体重自第8周开始明显降低,实验组大鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、IL-6、TNF-α和腹膜后脂肪组织重量、脂肪细胞中TNF-α和IL-6水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长期摄入樱桃冻干粉能调节血脂的代谢与脂肪分布,抑制系统和局部炎性反应,控制代谢综合征,对预防2型糖尿病有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.