静脉窦支架置入术治疗颅内静脉窦狭窄临床效果观察

目的 观察静脉窦支架置入术治疗颅内静脉窦狭窄(CVSS)的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院自2015年7月至2020年7月收治的31例行支架置入术的CVSS患者的临床资料.记录患者的一般资料,包括性别、年龄、体质量指数、病程、主要临床症状等.在术前和术后24、48、72 h行腰椎穿刺检查,测定脑脊液压力变化.观...     

股静脉入路脑静脉窦内支架成形术治疗特发性颅内高压伴静脉窦狭窄13例

【摘要】 目的 评价股静脉入路脑静脉窦内支架成形术治疗特发性颅内压增高（IIH）伴脑静脉窦狭窄（CVSS）的安全性和有效性。 方法 回顾性分析13例确诊为IIH伴局限性CVSS患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受全脑血管造影检查,并在逆行性脑静脉窦内微导管测压后经股静脉行静脉窦内支架成形术。术后均行腰椎穿刺术复测颅内压力,并复查眼底照相评估视神经乳头水肿改善情况。随访期间观察患者临床症状改善情况,有无并发症,脑静脉窦是否通畅。 结果 13例患者均成功完成脑静脉窦内支架成形术。狭窄病变两端压力差由术前平均（20.67±5.63） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）降至术后平均（4.72±1.87） mmHg（P＜0.001）,颅内压由术前平均（371.5±84.7） mmH2O（1 mmH2O=0.009 8 kPa）降至术后平均（225.6±45.7） mmH2O（P＜0.001）。术后所有视神经乳头水肿均明显改善或消失。随访3～33个月,2例耳鸣患者症状消失,12例头痛患者、8例视物模糊患者症状明显好转,2例视力下降患者症状改善不明显。所有患者均无不适症状,原症状无复发,CTV或DSA复查提示支架开放良好,无支架内再狭窄。 结论 脑静脉窦内微导管测压指导股静脉入路支架成形术治疗IIH伴CVSS患者安全、有效。     

颅内静脉窦狭窄支架置入1例

<正>病人,女,39岁。因进行性头痛3个月入院。患者入院前3个月无明显诱因出现头部胀痛,位于左侧枕部,头痛呈持续性,进行性加重。入院前1个月患者感头痛加剧,范围扩大至全头部。双眼有酸胀感,双眼视力下降,视物双影,伴有耳鸣、恶心、呕吐,行走不稳。外院行头颅CT示     

航天相关神经眼综合征研究进展

目的综述航天相关神经眼综合征的临床表现及可能的发生机制, 为该综合征的防治提供思路和参考。资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献。资料引用引用国内外公开发表的相关文献40篇。资料综合航天相关神经眼综合征最初被称为视觉损害及颅内压综合征, 最早由美国国家航空航天局于2011年提出, 2017年更名为航天相关神经眼综合征。其临床表现包括视力改变、视盘水肿、眼球后极部扁平、视神经鞘扩张、脉络膜皱褶及视网膜棉絮斑等。其可能的发生机制包括颅内压增高及脑脊液回流障碍、视神经鞘内流体平衡与球阀效应、一碳单位代谢异常等假说。结论深入了解航天相关神经眼综合征的临床表现特征及发生机制, 从而制定相应的预防措施, 才能为航天飞行提供保障。     

血管内支架成形术治疗脑静脉窦狭窄(附36例报告)

目的探讨脑静脉窦狭窄的病理生理机制及支架成形术治疗的方法和效果。方法回顾性分析2001年12月-2010年6月解放军总医院神经外科收治的36例脑静脉窦狭窄患者,其中男10例,女26例,年龄14~57岁,平均37.8岁,病程4d~9年,主要临床症状为头痛、呕吐、视物模糊,部分患者有肢体无力并麻木等。所有患者均经血管造影确诊,其中21例局限性狭窄位于右侧横窦乙状窦移行部,12例位于左侧横窦乙状窦移行部,3例双侧均有局限性狭窄。采用经颈动脉注射溶栓或静脉窦内置管溶栓,然后行静脉窦支架置入治疗,同时辅以全身抗凝及抗血小板治疗。结果 36例患者行静脉窦球囊扩张并支架成形术,除3例因支架难以通过迂曲的颈静脉孔而失败外,余均获成功,技术成功率91.7%。术后腰穿测定脑脊液压力由术前的374.7±82.9mmH2O降至术后的230.3±48.1mmH2O。33例患者通过全脑血管造影、门诊随访1个月~8年,其中32例临床表现持续缓解,1例患者支架置入后1个月头痛加重,视力模糊,经颈动脉溶栓及足量抗凝处理后症状明显缓解。结论静脉窦支架成形术治疗静脉窦狭窄导致的颅内压升高安全有效,但长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

儿童硬脑膜动静脉瘘伴静脉窦发育不良一例

患者 女，7岁，左眼肿痛、眼球突出伴视力减退半年，2岁时曾行左面部血管瘤手术。体检：左眼球突出，结膜充血水肿，左眼视力0．3。眼底检查示左眼视乳头水肿。     

彩超诊断无顶冠状静脉窦综合征1例

患者女 ,4 7岁 ,因心脏杂音、心慌、气短而就诊行超声检查。超声所见 :双房右室扩大 ,左室内径正常。肺动脉内径增宽 (32mm) ,右室流出道内径正常。于剑下四腔切面示 :冠状静脉窦 (CoronarySinusCS )口处内径 35mm ,开口远端内径31mm ,冠状静脉窦远端内径 12mm ,冠状静脉窦顶部及窦壁均可见回声失落 ,测窦壁缺损口大小为 2 8mm ,彩色血流示 :彩宽 2 9mm ,于收缩中晚期至收缩早期经缺损口进入左房 ,测Vmax 94cm/s,窦顶部向右房分流口彩宽 2 7mm ;多切面示 :仅见三支肺静脉进入左房 ,一支进入冠状静脉窦 ,二维见进入冠状静脉窦为一条管状结…     

颅内静脉窦狭窄支架成型术一例

患者女,48岁,主诉双眼视物模糊1年半,加重1个月,于2005年3月18日入院,曾于2003年12月在外院因上述主诉行头颅CT和MRI,均未见异常。既往体健,无口服避孕药物及严重感染病史。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的球囊扩张及支架治疗

目的评价肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄球囊扩张及支架植入治疗的疗效。方法对2002年6月～2008年12月肾移植病房的16例肾移植后3个月～4年发生的肾动脉狭窄患者行经皮肾动脉成形术。结果手术成功率100%,术后除1例血压在支架置入2h后下降,术后3d又升高外,其余血肌酐、血压均明显下降,症状缓解率93.7%。1例出现穿刺点血肿;3例发生再狭窄,通过二次球囊扩张及支架植入治疗缓解。结论球囊扩张及支架置入治疗肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄安全有效,是首选治疗方法 。     

Prevalence of venous sinus stenosis in Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Objectives

To study the prevalence of intracranial venous stenosis in Pseudotumor cerebri patients.

Patients and methods

Thirty patients were diagnosed having PTC according to Dandy criteria. All underwent general and neurological assessment. Radiological assessment included CT scan brain ±MRI brain without contrast, MRV. All underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (venous phase) to confirm the validity of filling gaps seen at the level of MRV.

Results

MRV brain showed that 24 patients (80%) showed filling gaps. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography (venous phase) showed 9 patients (30%) had stenosis in their dural sinuses. MRV showed to be a good screening tool since it had 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value. However, since it has a moderate specificity (62%) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 35%, then lesions detected should be confirmed with digital subtraction cerebral angiography (venous phase) particularly those involving the transverse and sigmoid sinus.

Conclusion

Studying the intracranial venous system in patients with PTC is an important step in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Detection of venous sinus stenosis opens the way to a novel therapeutic option for refractory patients like venous sinus stenting.     

静脉窦开通治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘伴静脉窦闭塞3例

目的 探讨静脉窦开通治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)伴静脉窦闭塞的效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2015年5月收治的3例DAVF伴静脉窦闭塞患者临床资料.结果 1例患者经单纯开通静脉窦后治愈DAVF,2例患者经机械性开通联合球囊扩张恢复静脉窦主干通畅后症状明显好转;均未出现介入治疗并发症.结论 部分DAVF伴静脉窦闭塞患者静脉窦开通后正常脑静脉回流通畅,横窦、乙状窦周围DAVF瘘口能达到彻底、永久闭合.静脉窦开通恢复有效血流动力学是治疗DAVF伴静脉窦闭塞的有效方法.     

支架成形术治疗横窦狭窄继发搏动性耳鸣1例

横窦狭窄已经被证实与部分搏动性耳鸣、颅内压增高症以及颅内静脉窦血栓的发生和发展密切相关.1997年,Mathis等[1]首先报道l例应用支架治疗源于静脉窦狭窄的耳鸣患者,此后国内外相关研究较少.现报道应用支架成形术成功治疗横窦狭窄继发颅内高压及搏动性耳鸣患者l例.     

Aqueduct stenosis due to venous ectasia with a dural arteriovenous fistula

We report aqueduct compression by venous ectasia in a 65-year-old man with a dural arterio-venous fistula in the posterior cranial fossa draining into a superior vermian vein. Conventional and phase-contrast MRI showed the aqueduct stenosis and the causative dilated vein. Received: 9 November 1998 Accepted: 2 August 1999     

The relationship of transverse sinus stenosis to bony groove dimensions provides an insight into the aetiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Introduction  Transverse sinus tapered narrowings are frequently identified in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH); however, it remains unclear whether they are primary stenoses or whether they occur secondary to raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Computed tomographic venography demonstrates both the morphology of the venous system and the adjacent bony grooves so it may provide an insight into the aetiology of these transverse sinus stenoses. Materials and methods  Tapered transverse sinus narrowings (>50%) were studied in 19 patients without IIH and 14 patients with IIH. Computed tomography vascular studies were reviewed and the dimensions of the venous sinuses and bony grooves at the sites of maximum and minimum transverse sinus area dimensions were recorded. Results  There was demonstrated to be a strong correlation of bony groove height with venous sinus height at the largest portions of the transverse sinus in both IIH patients and non-IIH subjects as well as at the transverse sinus narrowing in non-IIH subjects. There was a discordant relationship between bony groove height and venous sinus height at the site of transverse sinus stenoses in IIH patients. In 5/23 IIH transverse sinus stenoses, the bony groove height was proportionate to that seen in non-IIH subjects. There were a further 8/23 cases where the small or absent sinus was associated with an absent bony groove. Conclusion  Transverse sinus tapered narrowings in subjects without IIH and in the majority of patients with IIH were associated with proportionately small or absent grooves, and these are postulated to be primary or fixed. Some patients with IIH demonstrate tapered transverse sinus stenoses with disproportionately large bony grooves, suggesting a secondary or acquired narrowing. This implies a varied aetiology for the transverse sinus stenoses of IIH.     

Restenosis of the sigmoid sinus after stenting for treatment of intracranial venous hypertension: case report

We report what we believe to be the first case of restenosis of the sigmoid sinus after stenting, in a 42-year-old man with an arteriovenous malformation with progressive right hemiparesis secondary to venous hypertension. Angiography revealed severe stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus, which was dilated with a self-expandable stent. Six months after the procedure, however, the sinus was again severely stenosed. Intravascular sonography revealed intimal proliferation in the stented sinus. It was dilated percutaneously, and the venous pressure decreased from 51 to 33 mmHg. On sonography, the intimal tissue decreased in thickness and the diameter of the stent enlarged a little.     

Carotid artery stenting for stenosis with intraluminal thrombus

Since intraluminal thrombus in the context of carotid artery stenosis is rarely encountered, treatment for this condition remains controversial. The present paper describes six cases of carotid artery stenosis with thrombus and discusses the efficacy and complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS). From April 2002 to May 2004, six patients with carotid artery stenosis and intraluminal thrombus receiving medical therapy underwent CAS at our institution. CAS was performed with distal protection alone (method 1) in three patients, and three other patients underwent CAS with reversed-flow system and distal protection (method 2). Two of six patients experienced worsening neurologic symptoms despite medical therapy. All six patients were successfully treated with CAS and showed satisfactory patency of the artery. Embolic lesions were detected on diffusion-weighted MRI after the procedure in all patients treated with method 1 but not in patients treated with method 2. Complications included stent thrombosis (n=1) and in-stent thrombus (n=1). All six patients achieved a modified Rankin Scale 1 or 2 classification at 30 days after stenting. In conclusion, CAS was feasible for stenosis even with intraluminal thrombus. Use of method 2 for this condition may reduce the incidence of thromboembolic events although our series was small in number.     

Clinical and angiographic characteristics of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas manifesting as venous infarction and/or intracranial hemorrhage

Introduction  Cavernous sinus (CS) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) rarely cause venous infarction (VI) and/or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) despite the presence of cortical venous drainage (CVD). The present study investigated the characteristics of CS DAVFs manifesting as VI/ICH. Materials and methods  Fifty-four patients treated for CS DAVFs were retrospectively studied. Results  Six patients presented with VI/ICH. Two of the three patients presenting with ICH had CVD only to the superficial sylvian vein (SSV) or the deep sylvian vein (DSV). Three patients presenting with VI had multiple drainages, and angiography of these patients showed a varix on the SSV, drainage into the DSV with agenesis of the second and third segment of basal vein of Rosenthal, and thrombosis of the distal petrosal vein. CS DAVF with CVD only carries higher risk of VI/ICH than multiple drainages. Many CS DAVFs presenting with VI, especially those with drainage into the petrosal vein, have multiple drainages in the early stage. Thrombosis of the inferior and superior petrosal sinuses and superior orbital vein gradually increases pressure of the CVD, and then, VI may occur. In contrast, CS DAVFs with CVD only from the beginning, common in the patients with drainage into the SSVs and DSVs, are likely to cause ICH. Conclusion  Angiographic risk factors causing VI/ICH are CVD only, varix formation, agenesis of the second and third segment of basal vein of Rosenthal, and thrombosis of the superior orbital vein, lateral half of the superior petrosal sinus, and distal CVD.