同种异体骨移植重建骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损

目的评价同种异体骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建方法、疗效、并发症及防治。方法18例骨肿瘤患者年龄15～48岁，平均23岁；其中骨肉瘤10例，软骨肉瘤3例，尤文肉瘤3例，骨巨细胞瘤2例，应用交锁髓内钉、重建钢板、解剖钢板等内固定器材结合同种异体骨关节或骨段移植治疗。随访时间12～50个月，平均36个月。结果14例植骨愈合，3例骨不愈合（其中1例因内固定断裂而行更换），1例异体骨骨折，发生局部免疫反应9例，无肿瘤局部复发。功能结果按Mankin标准评定，优9例，良5例，中4例，优良率77．7％。结论同种异体骨是治疗良恶性骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的有效方法，异体骨不愈合、骨折、感染、免疫反应等为常见的并发症，选择合适患者、恰当的内固定、做好术前计划可减少此类并发症的发生。     

节段性切除一期骨重建治疗长骨纤维结构不良

目的 探索治疗长骨纤维结构不良(FD)降低复发率的新途径。方法 从1988年7月至2001年8月采用节段性切除，一期骨重建治疗四肢FD27例29个骨。术式包括：(1)瘤段骨切除，离体切刮灭活再植，行自家骨或同种异体骨移植(ATBG，ALBG)。(2)全桡骨切除，自家腓骨置换(ATFR)1例。(3)同种异体腓骨置换(ALFR)3例4骨。除1例采用普通钢板外，28个骨均以L一梯形钢板(L—TCP)固定，其中1例合并克氏针固定。另一侧单一克氏针固定。平均骨缺损12．3cm(7．8～23．5cm)。结果 22例23个骨随访1年至13年8个月，2例切口感染，均于术后1～2年治愈。全部截骨处均愈合，仅1例股骨上端FD并发髋内翻。2例复发，为酒精灭活再植病例。17例18个肢体的关节功能优，良好、尚可各2例，1例差。结论 瘤体骨节段性切除，一期骨重建的术式不仅可以有效地降低复发率，而且有利于骨愈合和恢复功能，减少并发症。     

Variability in the reported surgical techniques and methods for intercalary reconstruction following tumor resection

IntroductionThere is currently no consensus regarding the best techniques or surgical strategies with which to maximize intercalary allograft reconstruction outcomes. The purpose of the current study was to assess which techniques and methods are being utilized by North American orthopaedic oncologists.MethodsMembers of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) were invited to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey presented participants with two clinical scenarios and interrogated them on their preferred type of allograft, method of compression and fixation, and additional techniques used.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-six physicians completed the questionnaire. The majority studied in the United States (82%) and worked at an academic medical center (71%). Over half (54%) reported seeing over 10 primary bone tumors every year. Respondents were split between preferring a structural allograft alone or using a combined allograft-vascularized fibular graft. A majority indicated a preference for plate(s) and screw fixation but were divided between the use of two compression plates with a spanning plate, a single compression plate with a spanning plate, and two compression plates with an intramedullary nail. Screw fixation preferences were split between the use of unicortical locking only, bicortical locking only, and a combination of unicortical and bicortical locking. Almost equal percentages of respondents reported they would have used two, three, or four screws in both scenarios. Respondents were split between placing screws equidistantly and placing them peripherally within the allograft, adjacent to the allograft-host junction.DiscussionThere is no clear surgical preference for intercalary reconstruction following tumor extirpation within this sample of orthopaedic oncologists. The current survey demonstrates variability across nearly every aspect of allograft reconstruction, which may, in part, explain the wide spectrum of outcomes reported within the literature. Prospective studies are warranted to better evaluate technique-specific outcomes in an effort to maximize reconstructive longevity and minimize allograft related complications.     

人工骨与异体骨用于良性骨肿瘤刮除后重建的比较研究

目的比较人工骨（羟基磷灰石＋β-磷酸三钙）与同种异体松质骨在良性骨肿瘤刮除后骨缺损重建中的临床应用效果。方法研究自2009年1月至2009年12月在我院接受人工骨与同种异体松质骨植骨的两组病例。两组病例在治疗时间、年龄、性别、病种、病灶部位、植骨量和随访时间等方面均匹配良好。通过随访影像学和临床情况,比较两组病例植骨术后的愈合速度和愈合率,分析人工骨愈合的影响因素。结果人工骨与同种异体骨的初步愈合率分别为100％和87．5％（P=0．246）;人工骨与同种异体骨的平均愈合时间分别为9．1个月（3-12个月）和11．2个月（6—15个月）（P=0．718）。回归分析显示患者性别（P=0．592）、年龄（P=0．754）、病灶部位（P=0．671）、病种（P=0．250）和植骨量（P=0．798）均不是影响人工骨愈合的显著因素。人工骨组与同种异体骨组患者术后MSTS评分分别为平均28．5分（21～30分）和平均28．7分（26～30分）（P=0．869）。人工骨植入术后未见伤口感染、不愈合、排异反应等并发症。结论羟基磷灰石＋β-磷酸三钙材质人工骨用于肢体良性骨肿瘤刮除后骨缺损的重建,愈合效果良好,术后未见不良反应,可使患者临床获益。     

A hollow,custom-made prosthesis combined with a vascularized flap and bone graft for skeletal reconstruction after bone tumour resection

PurposeWhile limb-sparing surgery is now possible for more than 80% of patients with bone tumours, wide resection is often required, necessitating bone reconstruction. This paper aims to present a surgical technique that combines the advantages of a hollow, titanium, custom-made prosthesis and the biological aspects of microsurgical flaps and bone graft.Patients and methodsFrom June 2016 to September 2017 at our institution, six consecutive patients with skeletal tumours underwent one-stage reconstructive surgery with concomitant implantation of a 3D-printed prosthesis.ResultsAt an average follow-up of 30 months (range: 18–45), no early complications were observed, and no implant removals were needed. One patient experienced a delayed haematogenous deep infection, which healed after surgical debridement. Three patients died of their underlying disease 18, 22, and 23 months after surgery, respectively. All flaps and custom reconstructions were successful, with primary osseointegration at a mean of four months (range: 2–7). Patients’ average Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 23.2 (range: 18–28).ConclusionA hollow, custom-made, titanium prosthesis filled with bone graft, used in conjunction with a microsurgical flap, may offer good osseointegration in different anatomic locations among a patient population with a high risk of infection, pseudarthrosis, and long-term mechanical complications. The surgical technique's advantages are preliminarily demonstrated. Further studies with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.     

同种异体骨移植修复四肢骨肿瘤切除后大段骨缺损

目的分析大段同种异体骨移植在四肢骨肿瘤瘤段切除后大段骨缺损中的疗效。方法对35例四肢骨肿瘤,按Enneking分期原则确定切除范围,进行瘤段广泛切除,大段异体骨移植修复骨缺损,并辅以坚强内固定,高恶性骨肿瘤则进行术前、后化疗。结果随访7～65个月,治疗满意率为75%,主要并发症是感染、不愈合、骨折、局部复发、肺转移死亡,其发生率为30%,保肢率为77%。结论大段同种异体骨移植是治疗四肢骨肿瘤瘤段切除后骨缺损的一种有效可行的方法。     

膝部肿瘤切除后关节功能重建的方法分析

目的 探讨膝部肿瘤切除后关节功能重建的方法选择和疗效。方法 54例膝关节周围肿瘤中，骨巨细胞瘤25例，非骨化性纤维瘤2例，成纤维性纤维瘤2例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例，软骨黏液性纤维瘤2例，骨肉瘤15例，软骨肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤5例。23例采用瘤体切除，吻合血管的自体髂骨、腓骨联合移植术，12例瘤段切除灭活再植术，19例瘤段切除人工假体置换术。结果 54例平均随访5年6个月，成活病例术后功能评价优良率为76％。结论 膝部肿瘤切除后关节功能的重建，应根据肿瘤的大小、包壳的完整性、软组织的侵及情况，以及肿瘤的病理组织学性质，选择适当的手术方法。瘤体切除，吻合血管的自体髂骨、腓骨联合移植术，是治疗膝关节周围良性侵袭性肿瘤或低度恶性肿瘤较为理想的方法。     

人工假体置换重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的探讨应用人工假体置换治疗膝关节周围原发性骨肿瘤的临床效果。方法应用肿瘤型人工假体置换治疗16例膝关节周围原发恶性与侵袭性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损,其中骨肉瘤11例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例。股骨远端10例,胫骨近端6例。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间10～83个月,平均35．5个月。局部复发3例,假体松动1例,无假体断裂。假体3年生存率87．5％,5年生存率83．2％。术后6～12个月后MSTS功能评分为16．0～28．0分,平均24．0分。结论对膝关节周围原发恶性与侵袭性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损采用肿瘤型人工假体重建是有效的保肢方法。     

交锁髓内钉在骨肿瘤术后功能重建中的应用

目的探讨应用交锁髓内钉进行骨肿瘤术后功能重建的方法和疗效。方法29例患者,男14例,女15例。年龄21～73岁,平均35．5岁。其中骨囊肿病理性骨折4例,骨纤维异常增殖症病理性骨折1例,非骨化性纤维瘤病理性骨折1例,骨转移癌病理性骨折8例,骨转移癌未骨折4例,骨肉瘤11例。病变位于肱骨3例,胫骨2例,股骨24例。采取切开复位交锁髓内钉固定14例,瘤段切除灭活再植交锁髓内钉固定9例,瘤段切除异体半关节移植交锁髓内钉固定2例,预防性交锁髓内钉内固定4例。结果随访12～48个月,切开复位内固定14例中,骨转移癌8例,术后死亡5例,1例术后肿瘤范围扩大,余2例基本恢复到骨折前功能状况,6例良性患者,术后无肿瘤复发,骨折均愈合;瘤段切除灭活再植9例中,术后死亡2例,肿瘤复发1例,截骨不愈合1例,余5例愈合;瘤段切除异体半关节移植2例中1例愈合,1例不愈合。4例预防性内固定中,1例术后1年内死亡,余3例术后功能良好。结论交锁髓内钉在病理骨折内固定,自体骨灭活再植及异体骨移植重建中具有对位容易,固定可靠,可早期功能锻炼等优点,应用骨转移癌预防性内固定可有效避免病理骨折的发生。     

人工肩关节假体置换治疗肱骨近端骨肿瘤

背景与目的:20世纪70年代以来,由于辅助化疗技术的进步,保肢手术治疗逐渐成为主要的治疗方法。本文主要探讨应用人工肱骨头假体置换治疗肱骨上段骨肿瘤的手术适应证、手术方法、手术效果及并发症。方法:2004年4月至2008年12月,应用瘤段切除,肱骨头假体置换治疗肱骨近端骨肿瘤18例。其中骨肉瘤7例,软骨肉瘤5例,侵袭性和复发性骨巨细胞瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例,转移性平滑肌肉瘤1例,软骨母细胞瘤1例。Enneking分期,7例骨肉瘤、3例软骨肉瘤属Ⅱb期;2例软骨肉瘤、3例骨巨细胞瘤和1例骨巨细胞瘤合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿属Ⅰb期;1例软骨母细胞瘤肱骨近端破坏严重;1例单发性转移瘤患者疼痛严重。手术均采用瘤段切除人工肱骨头假体置换术。结果:随访5～61个月,中位随访期34个月。1例骨肉瘤患者术后19个月死于肺转移。1例骨巨细胞瘤患者术后复发。1例患者术后深部感染。2例患者出现术后假体位置欠佳和半脱位。所有患者均未出现假体松动。人工假体置换后肩关节后伸25°～42°,前屈35°～90°,外展8°～35°,旋转18°～25°。根据国际保肢学会术后功能评分,为18～29分,平均24分。结论:人工肱骨头置换治疗...     

Free vascularized fibular grafting for reconstruction after tumor resection in the upper extremity

BACKGROUND: Limb salvage is viable in the majority of patients with malignant bone tumors, but especially in case of extensive tumors and bad soft tissue conditions, it is challenging in upper extremity. OBJECTIVES/METHOD: The clinical and radiological results of 21 patients, who had free vascularized fibular grafts (VFG), for diaphyseal (14), and epipyseal (7) defect reconstruction of the upper extremity, are presented. The indications for VFG were resection after osteosarcoma (9 cases), Ewings sarcoma (9 cases), chondrosarcoma (1 case), rhabdomyosarcoma (1 case), and 1 case of fibrous dysplasia. The 20 malignant tumors were staged as follows: 2a (1), 2b (18), 3 (1). The mean follow-up was 43.6 months (min 6.0-max 131.9). Functional results were described and graded quantitatively according to the MSTS-score. RESULTS: Results were satisfactory with regard to pain, emotional acceptance, manual dexterity, and function. Lifting ability was decreased in two patients. Hypertrophy index was 31% (min 13%-max 71%). Main complications were fracture (5), pseudoarthrosis (4), prolonged wound healing (4), temporary nerve irritation (2), and deep infection (1). Re-operation was required in eight patients (12 operations). CONCLUSION: VFG offers a good possibility for biological reconstruction of large skeletal defects, with an acceptable complication and re-operation rate. When conservative treatment of complications was not successful, further surgery led to recovery in the majority of cases.     

肩胛骨肿瘤切除3D打印聚醚醚酮个性化定制假体重建五例报告

目的 探讨3D打印聚醚醚酮(polyetherether-ketone,PEEK)个性化定制假体在肩胛骨肿瘤切除重建中的应用价值和效果.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年10月,收治的5例肩胛骨肿瘤切除重建患者,其中我院4例,新疆医科大学附属医院1例,男2例,女3例;左侧3例,右侧2例;年龄16～64岁,平均3...     

Pelvic ring reconstruction with tibial allograft,screws and rods following enneking type I and IV resection of primary bone tumors

IntroductionSurgery of primary malignant tumors involving the sacroiliac joint requires wide resection, which often interrupts the pelvic ring. Nowadays, restoration of the pelvic ring to provide stability and which technique is most fitting remain subject to debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of pelvic reconstruction with pedicle screw instrumentation and tibial allograft following Enneking Type I-IV resections.Patients and methodsAll patients who underwent reconstruction with tibial allograft, screws and rods after resection of areas I and IV for primary bone tumors between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Clinical and radiological characteristics, fusion rate and functional results were analyzed. The MSTS score and the TESS were used to evaluate functional results.ResultsSeven patients were included in the study. Chondrosarcoma was the most common histology. Only four patients reported pain. No fractures were observed at tumor diagnosis. Computer-assisted navigation was used in six cases. Reconstruction was performed in four cases with a screw inserted in the homolateral L5 pedicle and in the ischium, in two cases with a screw in the homolateral L4 pedicle and another in the homolateral L5 pedicle, in the last case with two screws inserted in L4 and L5, one screw in the ischium and another one in the residual iliac wing. In this case a contralateral stabilization was also carried out. The spine screws and the iliac screws were connected with a rod. The mean follow-up for all 7 patients was 37 months. One patient (16.6%) died due to general complications not directly related to the surgery; while the others are alive and apparently free of disease. Complete fusion was obtained in four out of seven patients and the average time for fusion was 9 months. The average MSTS score and TESS were 58.7% and 57.8%, respectively.DiscussionThe need for reconstruction is thoroughly debated in literature. The advantages of restoring posterior pelvis stability are the prevention of long-term pain associated with limb shortening and secondary scoliosis. Re-establishment of the pelvic ring can be achieved through synthetic, biologic or hybrid reconstructions.ConclusionsMore studies that assess the surgical consequences at long-term follow-up and help clarify the indications for reconstruction and the specific technique are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.     

Long-term disease-free survival after surgical resection for multiple bone metastases from rectal cancer

Bone metastasis of primary colorectal cancer is uncommon. When it occurs, it is usually a late manifestation of disease and is indicative of poor prognosis. We describe a patient with multiple metachronous bone metastases from lower rectal cancer who was successfully treated with multimodal treatment including surgical resections and has shown 32 mo disease-free survival. Surgical resection of metastatic bone lesion(s) from colorectal cancer may be a good treatment option in selected patients.     

胫骨近端瘤段骨切除定制假体置换术后腓总神经损伤的原因探讨

目的探讨胫骨近端瘤段骨切除定制假体置换术后出现腓总神经损伤的原因及相应的预防措施。方法1995以来对23例胫骨近端肿瘤行瘤段骨切除、定制人工膝关节置换术。术后有3例患者发生腓总神经不同程度的损伤(其中2例发生于同时切除腓骨近段者),发生率为13%。结果随访9～26个月,平均16个月。经保守治疗,有2例术后6个月腓总神经功能完全恢复,另1例患者肌力恢复正常,小腿外侧及足背皮肤仍有感觉减退。结论胫骨近端肿瘤瘤段骨切除、定制人工膝关节置换术后腓总神经的损伤的发生原因与术中过度牵拉或压迫神经以及不正确使用电刀所致,大多数不完全性损伤可恢复。