The current status of perioperative chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: a multiinstitutional retrospective study in Japan

Background We conducted a multiinstitutional analysis to clarify the clinical significance of perioperative chemotherapy, in invasive bladder cancers in Japan, and to identify the patient subpopulations who could benefit from perioperative chemotherapy.Methods A total of 913 consecutive patients aged less than 80 years who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer from 1990 to 2000 at 32 Japanese hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Median follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 0.1 to 11.8 years).Results In total, 341 patients (37.3%) were treated with perioperative chemotherapy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 174), adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 114), or a combination of both chemotherapies (n = 53). With cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, the MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimen was the one most frequently used for perioperative chemotherapy, but the average number of cycles was distinctly less than that in reported randomized trials. MEC (methotrexate, epirubicin, and cisplatin) chemotherapy had efficacy similar to that of the MVAC regimen. On analysis of patients stratified by stage, the overall survival of patients with adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than that of those without adjuvant chemotherapy, in patients with pT2b, pN0 or pT3, pN0 (P = 0.016 or 0.020, respectively), but adjuvant chemotherapy had no, or the opposite, effect on patients with pT2a, pN0, pT4, pN0, or pTany, pN+. On the other hand, neoadjuvant chemotherapy provided a statistically significant survival benefit only for patients with clinical T3N0 (P = 0.015). Of note, in the high-risk subgroup, the overall survival rate for patients with complete response (CR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than that of patients with partial response (PR) or no change (NC)/progressive disease (PD) (P = 0.043).Conclusion In Japan, cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy has been the main modality adopted perioperatively for high-risk patients with radical cystectomy. This studys clinical results indicated that perioperative chemotherapy may improve survival in patients with T3N0 or pT2b/pT3, pN0 bladder cancer.     

Lymphatic invasion is a prognostic factor for bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy

Background We aimed to elucidate the significance of pathological prognostic factors in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy focusing on the association between lymphatic invasion and disease recurrence. Methods Ninety-one patients with ladder cancer who had undergone radical cystectomy were examined retrospectively. Clinicopathological findings and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Patients who received palliative cystectomy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients who did not receive lymphadenectomy owing to a poor general condition or far advanced local disease status were excluded. Results Lymphatic invasion and lymph node involvement were present in 45.1% and 23.1% of patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses, using the Cox proportional hazards model, indicated that lymphatic invasion (hazard ratio [HR], 5.30; P = 0.007) and lymph node involvement (HR = 3.05; P = 0.016) were independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival. Of the 91 patients, 29 (31.9%) had recurrent disease during the follow-up period. The rate of recurrence in patients with lymphatic invasion and without lymph node involvement was 50% (11/22), which was not significantly different from that in patients with both lymphatic invasion and lymph node involvement (73.7%; 14/19; P = 0.121), indicating a high risk of disease recurrence in patients with bladder cancer with lymphatic invasion even in the absence of the lymph node involvement. Conclusion In patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy, lymphatic invasion is an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific and disease-free survival. Patients with lymphatic invasion have a high risk of disease recurrence after radical cystectomy even in the absence of lymph node involvement.     

Factors of prognostic and therapeutic significance in patients with bladder cancer

In a two-decade period, 451 patients with bladder cancer were treated by external megavoltage irradiation and/or radical cystectomy at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Radical cystectomy alone was performed in 137 patients. One-hundred nine patients underwent radical cystectomy for cancer recurrence or persistence ± 1 year after radical irradiation averaging 6000 red tumor dose in 6 weeks. Planned preoperative pelvic irradiation either 4000 rad in 4 weeks in 119 patients or 2000 rad in 1 week in 86 patients was followed by radical cystectomy after average intervals of 6 weeks and 2 days, respectively. Similarly more favorable 5-year survival results were observed with prior radial (41 %) or preoperative conventional (43 %) or shorter regimen (42 %) irradiation than with cystectomy alone (33%); especially in high clinical stage B₂-D₁ tumors (27–37% with versus 14% without irradiation), in lesions not larger than 4 cm (50–57 % versus 38 % ), in patients older than 60 years (39–43 % versus 28 % ), in female patients (38–50 % versus 26 %), and in patients who had prior therapeutic tumor resections (41–45% versus 27%). Less favorable 5-year survival results were noted in the four treatment groups (with and without irradiation), in patients with precystectomy obstructive uropathy (28 % ) than in those with normal excretion urograms (46 % ), with tumors larger than 4 cm (26 %) than with smaller lesions (48 % ), with solid (33 %) than with papillary (51 %) tumors, with solitary (36%) than with multifoal (46%) cancers, and in cases with vascular tumor thrombi in the operative specimen (14 %) than in cases without tumor thrombi (41 %).     

The association of cigarette smoking and pathological response to neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy in patients undergoing treatment for urinary bladder cancer - A prospective European multicenter observational study of the EAU Young Academic Urologists (YAU) urothelial carcinoma working group

ObjectiveTo prospectively study the impact of smoking on pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).Materials & methodsWe collected standard clinicopathological variables, including smoking status (never, former, current) in patients undergoing NAC and RC for UCB at 12 European tertiary care centers between 12/2013-12/2015. Clinicopathological variables were compared according to smoking status. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the association of smoking status and a) complete (no residual disease), b) partial (residual, non-muscle invasive disease), c) no pathological response (residual muscle invasive or lymph node positive disease). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were employed to study the impact of response to NAC on survival.Results and limitationsOur final cohort consisted of 167 NAC patients with a median follow-up of 15 months (interquartile range (IQR) 9–26 months) of whom 48 (29%), 69 (41%), and 50 (30%) where never, former, and current smokers, respectively. Smoking was significantly associated with advanced age (p = 0.013), worse ECOG performance status (p = 0.049), and decreased pathological response to NAC (p = 0.045). On multivariable logistic regression analyses, former and current smoking status was significantly associated with lower odds of complete pathological response (odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.87, p = 0.023, and OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.85, p = 0.021), while current smoking status was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of no pathological response (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.02–6.06, p = 0.045). Response to NAC was confirmed as powerful predictor of survival.ConclusionsSmoking status is adversely associated with pathological response to NAC. Smokers should be informed about these adverse effects, counseled regarding smoking cessation, and possibly be considered for immunotherpeutics as they may be more effective in smokers.     

局部进展期胃癌新辅助化疗两药与三药方案的比较

目的 探讨局部进展期胃癌患者不同新辅助化疗方案的疗效及影响预后的因素.方法 选取2006年12月至2013年5月间中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的接受新辅助化疗并进行手术切除的157例胃癌患者.回顾性分析患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法 不同进行分组.其中,采用奥沙利铂或顺铂联合卡培他滨或替吉奥或氟尿嘧啶两药治疗的90例患者纳...     

Therapeutic strategies for organ-confined and non-organ-confined bladder cancer after radical cystectomy

Introduction: In patients with muscle invasive or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin refractory urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) radical cystectomy represents the standard of care. However, a proportion of patients experience disease progression, local recurrence and/or metastatic disease.

Areas covered: This review provides an overview of available therapeutic strategies after radical cystectomy and examines ongoing clinical trials including cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Expert commentary: Cytotoxic chemotherapy offers limited benefit in UCUB patients. However, the recent introduction of immunotherapy provides new hope for durable responses or possibly complete cures.     

Efficient delivery of radical cystectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multidisciplinary approach

BACKGROUND:

Cystectomy delay >90 days after a diagnosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) adversely affects pathologic stage and survival outcomes in patients who undergo primary surgery. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the impact of the timing of cystectomy delivery on these outcomes is uncertain. Poor communication between urologic and medical oncologists can result in cystectomy delay after systemic treatment. The authors of this report hypothesized that a delay in cystectomy delivery after NAC is associated with adverse survival outcomes.

METHODS:

An eligible cohort of 153 patients with MIBC received NAC and underwent radical cystectomy between 1990 and 2007. At the authors' institution, the genitourinary team strives to schedule patients for surgery at the time of initial evaluation or after their first chemotherapy cycle. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including timing of cystectomy, chemotherapy delivery, vital status, and reasons for excessive surgical delay, were analyzed retrospectively using an institutional database. A Cox proportional regression model was used to test the association between the timing of cystectomy delivery and survival.

RESULTS:

The median follow‐up for all patients was 3.6 years. The median time to cystectomy was 16.6 weeks and 6.9 weeks from the first and last day of NAC, respectively. In multivariate analyses, the timing of cystectomy delivery from the termination of NAC did not significantly alter the risk of survival. The most common reason for cystectomy delivery beyond 10 weeks (28 patients; 18%) was procedural scheduling.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cystectomy delivery within 10 weeks after NAC did not compromise patient survival and, thus, provided a reasonable window for patient recovery and surgical intervention. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Ileus and small bowel obstruction after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Analysis from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Purpose

To investigate prevalence and predictors of postoperative small bowel obstruction (SBO) and ileus in a large cohort of bladder cancer (BCa) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC).

Comparative study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical hysterectomy and radical surgery alone in stage IB2-IIA bulky cervical cancer

Objective

To compare the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus platinum followed by radical hysterectomy with radical surgery alone in patients with stage IB2-IIA bulky cervical cancer.

Methods

From November 1999 to September 2007, stage IB2-IIA cervical cancers with tumor diameter >4 cm, as measured by MRI, were managed with two cycles of preoperative paclitaxel and platinum. As a control group, we selected 35 patients treated with radical surgery alone.

Results

There were no significant between group differences in age, tumor size, FIGO stage, level of SCC Ag, histopathologic type and grade. Operating time, estimated blood loss, the number of lymph nodes yielded and the rate of complications were similar in the two groups. In surgical specimens, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), nodal metastasis and parametrial involvement did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the neoadjuvant group, pathologic tumor size was significantly smaller and fewer patients had deep cervical invasion. Radiotherapy, alone and in the form of concurrent chemoradiation, was administered to more patients treated with radical surgery alone (82.9% vs. 52.9%, p=0.006). No recurrence was observed in patients who could avoid adjuvant radiotherapy owing to improved risk factors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in 5-year disease free and overall survival.

Conclusion

As neoadjuvant chemotherapy would improve pathologic prognostic factors, adjuvant radiotherapy can be avoided, without worsening the prognosis, in patients with locally advanced bulky cervical cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy would be improving the quality of life after radical hysterectomy in patients with bulky cervical cancer.     

Similar treatment outcomes for radical cystectomy and radical radiotherapy in invasive bladder cancer treated at a United Kingdom specialist treatment center

PURPOSE: To conduct a retrospective analysis within a large university teaching hospital, comparing outcomes between patients receiving either radical surgery or radiotherapy as curative treatment for bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 1996 and December 2000, 169 patients were treated radically for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Data were collected from patient notes. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to compare radiotherapy and surgical outcome data. RESULTS: There was no difference in overall, cause-specific, and distant recurrence-free survival at 5 years between the two groups, despite the radiotherapy group being older (median age, 75.3 years vs. 68.2 years). There were 31 local bladder recurrences in the radiotherapy group (24 solitary), but there was no significant difference in distant recurrence-free survival. In a more recent (2002-2006) cohort, the median age of radiotherapy patients but not the cystectomy patients was higher than in the 1996-2000 cohort (78.4 years vs. 75.3 years for radiotherapy and 67.9 years vs. 68.2 years for surgery). CONCLUSIONS: Although the patients undergoing radical cystectomy were significantly younger than the radiotherapy patients, treatment modality did not influence survival. Bladder cancer patients are an increasingly elderly group. Radical radiotherapy is a viable treatment option for these patients, with the advantage of organ preservation.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery compared to radical surgery alone in bulky stage IB–IIA cervical cancer

AIM: The aim of this study was evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical hysterectomy on long-term survival in stage IB-IIA locally advanced cervical cancer as compared with radical surgery alone. METHODS: We reviewed all patients with cervical cancer stage IB-IIA who were treated with two treatment modalities, i.e. NACT followed by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy, and radical hysterectomy alone between March 1996 and March 2004. There were 22 patients in the NACT group (group 1) and 160 patients in the immediate radical surgery group (group 2). All patients in group 1 were followed for more than 108months, and long-term survival and factors affecting recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: Nineteen patients in the NACT arm underwent radical surgery. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was found in 8 patients in this group and in 36 in the radical surgery group. Eighteen patients in the NACT group and 96 patients in the radical surgery group were scheduled for adjuvant postoperative chemoradiation. During the 9-year follow-up, recurrence rate was 47.1% and 30.2% in NACT and control groups, respectively. In the NACT group lymph node metastasis was a significant independent risk factor for recurrence. Overall survival in the NACT arm was not statistically significantly lower than the control arm (p=0.06). CONCLUSION: NACT did not improve long-term overall survival of bulky early-stage cervical cancer patients compared to primary radical surgery.     

Perioperative chemotherapy for resectable gastroesophageal cancer: A single-center experience

Backgrounds

Multimodal treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer has been reported to improve disease-free survival when compared to surgery alone. We aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of perioperative chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer patients treated in daily clinical practice.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer were treated with perioperative chemotherapy and surgery. The primary end point was the complete resection (R0) rate. Secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), toxicity, radiological response rate, pathological response rate and downstaging rate. We also looked for prognostic and predictive factors for DFS, OS, pathological complete response and the R0 rate.

Results

Forty patients were found eligible for this retrospective analysis. At diagnosis, 52.5% of patients were classified as stage II and 47.5% were stage III. Forty percent of patients completed three preoperative cycles and three postoperative cycles. A tolerable toxicity related to chemotherapy was found. Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery: 80% reached a complete resection (R0), down-staging was detected in 57.5% and 17.5% had a pathologically complete response. The median time of disease-free survival was 34.05 months (95%CI 25.6–42.4), and the median time of overall survival was 39.01 months (95%CI 30.8–47.1). We found that the presence of comorbidities were independent predictive factors for the pathologic response, while the chemotherapy schedule and the clinical response could independently predict a complete resection.

Conclusions

Our results support that perioperative chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer can be safely delivered in daily clinical practice, obtaining an improvement of the pathologic response and the complete resection of gastric cancer.     

保留膀胱的综合治疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后的荟萃分析

目的 比较保留膀胱手术+术后化疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的预后.方法 检索保留膀胱手术+术后化疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle-invasive bladder cancer,MIBC)的对照研究,比较两种治疗方案的术后5年生存率,计算合并优势比(OR)和95%CI.结果 共纳入7项研究,累积876例患者.1组研究的OR=1.03,95%CI为1.03(0.52~2.02),4组研究的OR及其95%CI﹤1,2组研究的OR及其95%CI﹥1;7个研究的总OR=1.05,95%CI为1.05(0.53~2.06),跨过"无差异线",故认为根治性膀胱全切术(radical cystectomy,RC)与保留膀胱的综合治疗预后差异无统计学意义(Z=0.13,P=0.89).结论 对于部分肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,保留膀胱的综合治疗不会降低患者的5年生存率,且能保留患者膀胱的正常功能,提高了患者的生存质量,但适应证需严格把握.     

Radical cystectomy in non-metastatic sarcomatoid bladder cancer: A direct comparison vs urothelial bladder cancer

IntroductionThe effect of radical cystectomy (RC) on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) is unclear in non-metastatic sarcomatoid bladder cancer (SBC) patients. We aimed to test the benefit of RC in SBC, and to perform a direct comparison vs urothelial bladder cancer (UCB).Materials and methodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER 2001–2018) all non-metastatic SBC and UBC patients were identified. Endpoint of interest was CSM. Propensity score matching (PSM), cumulative incidence plots, competing risks regression (CRR) analyses, three-months landmark analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed. All results were stratified according to organ-confined (OC: T₂N₀M₀) vs non-organ-confined (NOC: T_3-4N₀M₀ or T_anyN_1-3M₀) stages.ResultsOf 554 SBC patients, 49 vs 51% harbored OC vs NOC stages. Of 47,741 UBC patients, 62 vs 38% harbored OC vs NOC stages. RC rates were 33 vs 67% in OC vs NOC-SBC patients, and 40 vs 60% in OC vs NOC-UBC patients. After 1:1 PSM, comparison between RC vs no-RC was performed in OC-SBC (67 patients per group), OC-UBC (7611 patients per group), NOC-SBC (63 patients per group), and NOC-UBC patients (4644 patients per group). CRR hazard ratios associated with RC vs no-RC were 0.37 (p < 0.001) in OC-SBC vs 0.45 (p < 0.001) in OC-UBC, and 0.56 (p = 0.01) in NOC-SBC vs 0.68 (p < 0.001) in NOC-UBC. These results were replicated in sensitivity and landmark analyses.ConclusionsThe protective effect of RC vs no-RC is stronger in SBC than UBC patients, regardless of OC vs NOC stages.     

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer

A total of 20 patients with primary invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using a CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) or modified M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, pirarubicin, and cisplatin) regimen. In all, 16 of the patients were treated with CAP and 4 received the modified M-VAC regimen. Of the 20 patients, 17 had transitional-cell carcinoma with or without non-transitional-cell elements. All of the patients had tumors with a histological grade of G2 (6 cases) or G3 (14 cases). As for lymph-node metastasis, there were ten N0 cases, three N1 cases, six N2 cases, and one N3 case. Adjuvant chemotherapy was usually commenced 2 weeks after the surgery and was given every 3–4 weeks for two or three cycles. The 5-year survival rate of these 20 patients was 65.9%, whereas that of 49 patients who did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy was 30.2%. Regarding toxicity, both of the adjuvant chemotherapy regimens used in this study were generally well tolerated. The most common toxic effects were gastrointestinal symptoms, alopecia, and myelosuppression. Another 19 patients with invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder received 2 or 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the modified M-VAC or MEC (methotrexate, epirubicin, and cisplatin) regimen. Of 18 pathologically evaluable patients who underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy, the stage was pT0 in 3 cases (17%), pTis in 3 (17%), pT1 in 3 (17%), and pT2 or higher in 9 (50%). The 4-year survival rate of 18 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 71.5%. Regarding toxicity, one patient died of a bowel complication after surgery, and the complication was suggested to be drug-induced.Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Treatment of Urinary Tract Tumors with Adriamycin/Farmorubicin, 24–25 September 1993, Hakone, Japan     

Robotic vs. open radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared with open radical cystectomy (ORC) in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Methods

A systematic search of Medline, Embase databases and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify studies that compared RARC and ORC and were published up to December 2012. Outcomes of interest included demographic and clinical characteristics, perioperative, pathologic variables and complications.

Results

Although there was a significant difference in the operating time in favor of ORC (WMD: 70.69 min; p < 0.001), patients having RARC might benefit from significantly fewer total complications (OR: 0.54; p < 0.001), less blood loss (WMD: −599.03 ml; p < 0.001), shorter length of hospital stay (WMD: −4.56 d; p < 0.001), lower blood transfusion rate (OR: 0.13; p = 0.002), less transfusion needs (WMD: −2.14 units; p < 0.001), shorter time to regular diet (WMD: −1.57 d; p = 0.002), more lymph node yield (WMD: 2.18 n; p = 0.001) and fewer positive lymph node (OR: 0.64; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference between the RARC and ORC regarding positive surgical margins.

Conclusions

In early experience, our data suggest that RARC appears to be a safe, feasible and minimally invasive alternative to its open counterpart when performed by experienced surgeons in selected patients.     

Role of Maximal Endoscopic Resection Before Cystectomy for Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer

Introduction/BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether TUR of all visible endophytic tumors performed before RC, with or without NC, affects final pathologic staging.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from patients with clinical T2-T4N0-1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who underwent RC at our institution between July 2005 and November 2011. Degree of TUR was derived from review of operative reports. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association of maximal TUR on pT0 status at time of RC.ResultsOf 165 eligible RC patients, 81 received NC. Reported TUR of all visible tumors was performed in 38% of patients who did not receive NC and 48% of NC patients (P = .19). Nine percent of patients who underwent maximal TUR and did not receive NC were pT0, whereas among NC patients, pT0 was seen in 39% and 19% of those with and without maximal TUR, respectively (P = .05). On multivariate analysis in all patients, maximal TUR was associated with a nonsignificant increased likelihood of pT0 status (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-4.94), which was significant when we restricted the analysis to NC patients (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.02-9.83).ConclusionMaximal TUR of all endophytic tumors before NC is associated with complete pathologic tumor response at RC. Candidates for NC before RC should undergo resection of all endophytic tumors when feasible. Larger series are warranted to see if maximal TUR leads to improved overall and disease-specific survival.     

新辅助化疗后根治性手术与同步放化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌的远期疗效评价

目的本研究的目的是比较ⅠB2-ⅡB期局部晚期宫颈癌新辅助化疗后根治性手术与同步放化疗的远期生存情况。方法回顾性分析从2000年1月—2004年12月间ⅠB2-ⅡB期局部晚期宫颈癌共222例,将其分为二组：新辅助化疗＋根治性全子宫切除术＋盆腔淋巴结切除术共155例;同步放化疗组67例。所有患者最长随访时间为114个月,最短随访时间为54个月,中位随访时间为72．6个月。且对所有可能影响无瘤生存时间和总生存时间的高危因素进行评估。结果本研究中位随访时间为72．6个月,新辅助化疗后根治性手术组和同步放化疗组5年无瘤生存率分别是88．39％和70．94％,两组比较有统计学意义（P：0．006）;而5年总生存率分别为88．52％和72．91％,两组比较有统计学意义（P=0．0004）。在Cox风险回归模型中,调整宫颈癌患者的年龄、病理分型后,结果显示：接受新辅助化疗后根治性手术组和同步放化疗组治疗的宫颈癌患者5年无瘤生存时间有明显差异（HR：2．765,95％CI：1．446—5．288,P=0．0021）;在5年总生存时间上也有显著性差异（HR=3．516,95％CI：1．822—6．784,P=0．0002）。结论本研究ⅠB2-ⅡB期局部晚期宫颈癌新辅助化疗后根治性手术组在无瘤生存时间和总生存时间方面显著优于同步放化疗组。     

全逆行根治性膀胱切除治疗男性膀胱癌的临床应用及110例病例报告

背景与目的：膀胱癌根治手术难度大,围手术期并发症多,且学习曲线长。本研究介绍了全逆行根治性膀胱切除并腹腔重建这一新的系统手术方式,并探讨其临床价值。方法：2012年4月—2013年4月,共有110例男性膀胱癌患者于复旦大学附属肿瘤医院泌尿外科接受该手术治疗,中位年龄64(35~83)岁;整理术前临床资料,分析手术相关参数、并发症、病理特征、远期并发症及复发转移情况。结果：术中清扫淋巴结个数为12(8~16)个;65例保留双侧神经血管束,31例保留单侧;手术耗时4.4(2.2~6.0)h,中位腹腔脏器暴露时间为43.0(5.0~75.0)min,中位出血量140.0(50.0~600.0)mL,4例患者输血;中位盆腹腔引流时间为10.0(6.0~15.0)d,中位术后通气时间为2.5(1.0~12.0)d,中位术后住院时间为17.0(10.0~39.0)d;术后并发症CDC分级为2级即需要药物干预的19例,CDC分级为3级以上的8例;术后轻到中度肠道梗阻5例,对症支持治疗,中位时间2(1~4)周后恢复进食;无围手术期死亡病例。病理诊断结果显示,中位随访9(3~15)个月,无CDC分级3级以上并发症,无复发转移。结论：全逆行根治性膀胱切除手术入路解剖清晰,全程腹腔脏器暴露时间短,肠道与手术野相互干扰少,这一系统手术有效加快患者肠道恢复,降低术后并发症,特别是减少肠道梗阻的发生及严重程度的作用,值得进一步的研究和推广。