LC/MS/MS与GC/MS法分析鉴定小鼠尿中沙美特罗的代谢产物

目的:鉴定沙美特罗在小鼠尿中的主要代谢产物.方法:ig给药后,收集小鼠尿液,经固相提取,葡萄糖醛酸酶水解,进行LC/MS/MS分析和硅烷化后进行GC/MS分析同时分离鉴定沙美特罗代谢产物.结果和结论:在给药后尿样中发现沙美特罗原型和4种代谢产物M1～M4,其结构推测为19-羟基沙美特罗(M1)、2-羰基沙美特罗(M2)、19-羰基沙美特罗(M3)和19-羟基-8-甲氧基沙美特罗(M4).     

LC／MS／MS法测定人血中硫普罗宁的浓度及药物动力学研究

目的建立LC／MS／MS法测定人血中硫普罗宁浓度的方法,并研究其在健康男性受试者体内的药物动力学。方法采用LC／MS／MS（ESI源）测定硫普罗宁的血浆浓度,计算药物动力学参数。结果硫普罗宁线性范围为25．0-5000ng·mL^-1,定量下限为25．0ng·mL^-1日内、日间精密度（RSD）均〈15％,准确度（RE）在15％以内。应用本法测得20名健康男性受试者口服200mg硫普罗宁胶囊后主要药代动力学参数为：tmax,为（4．20±1．01）h,t1／2为（5．61±4．42）h,Cmax为（4456±2447）ng·mL^-1,AU C0-24h为（20566±9902）ng·mL^-1,Ke为（0．173±0．094）h^-1。结论该法操作简便、快速、灵敏,可用于测定血浆中硫普罗宁浓度。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人血浆双氢青蒿素浓度

目的:建立液相色谱-质谱联用法测定健康人血浆中双氢青蒿素浓度的方法。方法:以青蒿素为内标,血浆样品采用液-液萃取法处理。用电喷雾离子化和正离子多离子反应监测方式检测双氢青蒿素。结果:该方法双氢青蒿素线性范围为1.01~2020 ng.ml-1;定量下限为1.001±0.072 ng.ml-1;方法回收率在93.0%~98.2%;批内、批间变异系数均<10%。结论:该方法准确、灵敏、特异、简便,适用于健康人血浆双氢青蒿素浓度的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定苯妥英在健康人体的血药浓度并研究其生物等效性

目的建立快速、灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定健康人血浆中的苯妥英(抗癫痫药),并进行生物等效性研究。方法血浆样品50μL经液- 液萃取后,以甲醇-水-甲酸(90:10:0．2)为流动相,Zorbax SB-C18柱分离; 样品经大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子化后,通过三重四极杆串联质谱仪, 用选择反应监测(SRM)对苯妥英(m／z 253→m／z 182)和柳胺酚(m／z 230→ m／z 121,内标)进行测定。用此法测定了20名受试者单剂量口服受试和参比制剂后苯妥英的血药浓度。结果线性范围为2．5—3 000 ng·mL-1,定量下限为2．5 ng·mL-1;日内、日问精密度(RSD)均<7．0％,准确度(RE)在 -0．5％～2．3％。2种制剂的Cmax、AUC0-t均无显著性差异。结论该法专属、灵敏、快速,适用于复方制剂中苯妥英的生物等效性评价。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人参皂苷Re在健康人血浆的浓度

目的建立液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人参皂苷Re在健康人血浆中浓 度的方法。方法血浆样品用固相萃取法处理。用电喷雾离子化和正离子多 离子反应监测方式检测人参皂苷Re。结果该方法人参皂苷Re线性范围为 1．05～1 050 ng·mL-1;定量下限为1．05 ng·mL-1;方法回收率在99．3％～ 104．3％;日内、日间变异系数(RSD)均<15％。结论该法准确、灵敏、特异, 适用于健康人血浆人参皂苷Re浓度测定。     

Simultaneous determination of SU5416 and its phase I and phase II metabolites in rat and dog plasma by LC/MS/MS

SU5416, Z-3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl]-2-indolinone, is a cytostatic substance in development as an anti-angiogenic agent. SU5416 has several phase I and phase II metabolites including SU9838, SU6595, SU6689, 5′-hydroxy glucuronide of SU5416 and 5′-acyl glucuronide of SU5416. In order to support the preclinical studies, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of SU5416 and its metabolites in rat and dog plasma was developed. This method is fast, simple, sensitive (LOQ=2.0 ng/ml), reproducible and has a wide linear range (2.0–5000 ng/ml for SU5416, 2.0–2000 ng/ml for SU6689 and 2.0–1000 ng/ml for SU9838 and SU6595). This method was applied to rat and dog plasma samples obtained from pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies.     

LC/MS/MS evaluation of cocaine and its metabolites in different brain areas,peripheral organs and plasma in cocaine self-administering rats

BackgroundWe employed a cocaine intravenous self-administration model based on positive reinforcement of animals' instrumental reactions (i.e., lever pressing) rewarded by a dose of the drug. We also carried out simultaneous characterization of the phar-macokinetics of cocaine and its metabolites in rats during withdrawal; in this part of the experiments, we investigated the cocaine (2 mg/kg, iv)-induced changes in the distribution, rate constant, clearance and t_1/2 of the parent drug and its metabolites in different structures of the brain and in peripheral tissues.MethodsBy using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) we measured the levels of cocaine and its major metabolites.ResultsOur results demonstrate differences in the levels of cocaine after cocaine self-administration in the rat, with the highest concentration seen in the striatum and the lowest in the cerebellum. Cocaine metabolites determined in the rat brain remained at very low levels (benzoylecgonine), irrespectively of the brain area, whereas the norcocaine concentration varied from 1.56 μg/g (the nucleus accumbens) to 2.73 μg/g (the striatum).ConclusionAtandem LC/MS/MS is a valid method for evaluation of brain and peripheral levels ofcocaine and its metabolites. Our results demonstrate brain area-dependent differences in the levels of cocaine after its self-administration in the rat. There were also differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among the brain areas and peripheral tissues following a bolus iv injection of cocaine to rats withdrawn from cocaine; among brain structures the slowest metabolic rate was detected for the striatum.     

LC／MS／MS技术对西他沙星代谢物结构的研究

利用LC／MS／MS实现对西他沙星体内代谢物的在线鉴定,并通过定向合成的代谢物对照品,对西他沙星代谢物的结构作了进一步验证。结果鉴定出六个代谢物D2～D7。根据代谢物的结构特征证明了西他沙星在肝脏经氧化被代谢消除。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱分析水苏碱及其大鼠体内代谢物

目的鉴定水苏碱在大鼠体内的代谢物。方法应用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI/MSⁿ)技术研究水苏碱的一级质谱电离规律、二级质谱裂解规律及其色谱保留，以此作为水苏碱大鼠体内代谢物分析鉴定的依据；再将健康大鼠空腹灌胃25 mg·kg^-1水苏碱，收集0～24 h的尿样，经C₁₈小柱固相萃取分离纯化后，应用HPLC-ESI/MS分析尿样中水苏碱代谢物。结果在大鼠尿样中发现了母药及其N-去甲基、氧化脱氢、环氧化等6种I相代谢产物及两种环氧化物的甘氨酸轭合II相代谢产物。结论HPLC-ESI/MS法灵敏度高，快速，定性能力强，适合于水苏碱大鼠体内代谢物的分析。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中兰索拉唑及其代谢物浓度

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定人血浆中兰索拉唑及其代谢物兰索拉唑砜、5-羟基兰索拉唑浓度的方法。方法用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱,流动相为0.002 mol.L-1乙酸铵(用甲酸调pH为4)-乙腈(60∶40,v/v),流速为0.3 mL.min-1。用正离子电离,多离子反应监测进行定量分析。结果兰索拉唑、兰索拉唑砜、5-羟基兰索拉唑线性范围分别为5～3044,1.5～550,2～549.5 ng.mL-1,三者日内、日间精密度均小于10%,三者的提取回收率为81.55%～98.74%(RSD<10%)。结论本方法灵敏、准确、快速,可用于人血浆中兰索拉唑及其代谢物浓度的测定和药代动力学研究。     

LC／ESI—MS测定小鼠血浆中异烟肼及其代谢物

目的:建立测定小鼠血浆中异烟肼及其代谢物乙酰肼、肼的液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(LC/ESI—MS)法。方法:血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白后,用衍生化试剂3-甲氧基苯甲醛 MBA 进行柱前衍生化,衍生化产物以甲醇-5 mmol·L~(-1)醋酸铵(pH5.0)缓冲溶液(60:40)为流动相,采用 Agilent Zorbax XDB—C_8柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×150 mm)分离,通过 ESI~ -MS 以选择离子监测(SIM)模式进行检测,用于定量分析的离子分别为 m/z 256.1(异烟肼衍生物),m/z 193.2(乙酰肼衍生物),m/z 151.1(肼衍生物)。结果:异烟肼、乙酰肼、肼的线性范围分别为1～64,0.05～3.2,0.025～1.6μg·mL~(-1);定量下限分别为1,0.05,0.025μg·mL~(-1);方法的平均回收率分别为98.9%,98.0%,97.2%;平均 RSD 值分别为2.7%,2.4%,3.1%。结论:本法简便、准确,适用于小鼠血浆中异烟肼、乙酰肼和肼血药浓度的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定缬更昔洛韦血药浓度及其在健康人体的药代动力学研究

目的研究缬更昔洛韦片剂（抗病毒药）在健康人体内的原药缬更昔洛韦及其活性代谢产物更昔洛韦的药代动力学过程。方法20名健康男性受试者单次口服缬更昔洛韦片900mg，用LC—MS／MS测定给药后不同时间血浆中缬更昔洛韦及其活性代谢产物更昔洛韦的浓度，研究缬更昔洛韦与更昔洛韦的药代动力学特征。结果主要药代动力学参数如下。缬更昔洛韦：AUC0-1为（606．83±245．53）μg·h·L^-1；AUC0-∞为（616．52±247．89）μg·h·L^-1；Cmax为（423．56±178．20）μg·L^-1；tmax为（1．15±0．41）h；t1／2为（0．82±0．25）h；MRT0-1为（1．58±0．37）h；MRT0-∞为（1．66±0．38）h；Ka为（2．57±2．53）h^-1；Ke为（0．91±0．24）h^-1；V／F为（1963．85±920．05）L；CIMF为（1688．77±636．77）L·h^-1。更昔洛韦：AUC0-1为：（24．99±7．78）mg·h·L^-1，AUC0-∞为（26．37±7．80）mg·h·L^-1；Cmax为（7．11±1．96）mg·L^-1；tmax为（1．76±0．59）h；t1／2为（3．49±0．96）h；MRT0-1为（4．04±0．80）h；MRT0-∞为（4．81±0．84）h；琏为（1．13±I．20）h^-1；Ke为（0．21±0．07）h^-1；V／F为（178．55±44．82）L；CL／F为（37．33±11．92）L·h^-1。结论本文建立的测定方法，简单、快速、无干扰，适合人体内血药浓度监测和药代动力学研究。     

LC/MS/MS法测定辛伐他汀血浆浓度及其在健康人体内的药物动力学研究

目的:建立人体血浆中辛伐他汀的LC/MS/MS测定方法,并研究辛伐他汀片在男性健康志愿者体内的药物动力学行为,评价其生物利用度和生物等效性。方法:采用两制剂双周期自身对照试验设计。18名男性健康志愿者随机交叉服用单剂量辛伐他汀试验片剂和参比片剂20mg,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC/MS/MS)分析方法测定血浆辛伐他汀的浓度。采用DAS2.0程序计算药物动力学参数和相对生物利用度,并进行等效性评价。结果:测定单剂量口服20mg辛伐他汀参比片剂和试验片剂的AUC_((0→24))分别为(14.90±5.86)和(14.37±4.94)ng·h·ml~(-1),AUC_((0→∞))分别为(15.62±6.29)和(14.78±5.02 )ng·h·ml~(-1);C_(max)分别为(4.54±2.11)和(4.00±1.34)ng·ml~(-1);T_(max)分别为(1.75±0.79)和(1.39±0.65)h。以AUC_((0→24))与AUC_((0→∞))计算相对生物利用度分别为(108.0±52.7)%和(106.4±52.5)%。结论:该法准确灵敏,测得的数据可靠,统计分析表明两种制剂生物等效。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定人血浆中辛伐他汀浓度

目的建立测定人血浆中辛伐他汀浓度的方法。方法血浆样品中加入内标,用乙醚提取,浓缩后采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用进行测定。结果血浆样品中辛伐他汀线性范围为0.1～20ng·mL-1(r=0.9999);萃取回收率为94.3%。结论本方法灵敏度高、专属性强、重现性好、准确,可用于辛伐他汀片人体药动学及生物等效性研究。     

Advanced glycation end-products/peptides: a preliminary investigation by LC and LC/MS

An investigation on AGE-peptides, originating by proteolysis of in vitro glycated proteins, was carried out by LC methods with different detection applied to the mixture produced by proteinase K digestion of in vitro glycated human serum albumin (HSA). Classical approaches, like spectroscopic (UV, fluorescence) and mass spectrometric methods (MALDI, LC/ESI/MS), show that the digestion mixture is highly complex. However, there are clearcut differences between the digestion mixtures of glycated and unglycated HSA, in the former case allowing identification of possible glycated peptides belonging to the AGE-peptide class. MS/ MS experiments on selected species seem to be promising as regards structural information.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中染料木素及其葡萄糖醛酸代谢物

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定人血浆中染料木素(雌激素类药物)及其葡萄糖醛酸代谢物(GGS)并研究其在健康人体中的药代动力学。方法10例健康受试者空腹口服染料木素50 mg,血浆加入内标物地塞米松后,经液-液萃取,色谱柱为Capcell Pak C8(2 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为:甲醇-5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵-乙腈(70∶20∶10),以ESI源正离子MRM模式测定染料木素的血药浓度,GGS先酶解为原形后间接测定,用DAS 2.0程序计算药代动力学参数。结果线性范围为0.3~500.0μg.L-1(γ=0.9983),回收率在92.9%~104.9%,绝对回收率在74.2%~89.2%,日内、日间变异(RSD)均<15%。染料木素和GGS的主要药代动力学参数:tmax分别为(5.0±1.3),(6.0±2.4)h,Cmax分别为(10.1±6.3),(218.7±68.6)μg.L-1,AUC0-t分别为(31.2±10.3),(3344.0±1635.0)μg.h.L-1,AUC0-∞分别为(33.9±11.4),(3703.0±2031.0)μg.h.L-1。结论测定方法灵敏、准确...     

Validation of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of flupentixol and melitracene in human plasma

A sensitive method has been developed and validated, using LC/ESI-MS/MS, for simultaneous quantitation of flupentixol and melitracen—antidepressant drugs, in human plasma. The quantitation of the target compounds was determined in a positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method involved a repeated liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether and analytes were chromatographed on a C₈ chromatographic column by elution with acetonitrile–water–formic acid (36:64:1, v/v/v) and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated over the concentration ranges of 26.1–2090 pg/ml for flupentixol and 0.206–4120 ng/ml for melitracen. The correlation coefficients of both analyst were >0.998 for six sets of calibration curves. The recovery was 60.9–75.1% for flupentixol, melitracen and internal standard. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) detection was 26.1 pg/ml for flupentixol and 0.206 ng/ml for melitracen. Intra- and inter-day precision of the assay at three concentrations were 2.15–5.92% with accuracy of 97.6–103.0% for flupentixol and 0.5–6.36% with accuracy of 98.7–101.7% for melitracen. Stability of compounds was established in a battery of stability studies, i.e., bench-top, autosampler and long-term storage stability as well as freeze/thaw cycles. The method proved to be suitable for bioequivalence study of flupentixol and melitracen in healthy human male volunteers.     

Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for the determination of quetiapine and four related metabolites in human plasma

Pharmacokinetic measurement of the psychotropic compound quetiapine and four related metabolites in human plasma was conducted using a sensitive and specific liquid–chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay that has been developed and validated for this purpose. The assay employs a single liquid–liquid extraction of quetiapine and its N-desalkyl (norquetiapine, M211,803, M1), 7-hydroxy (M214,227, M2), 7-hydroxy N-desalkyl (M236,303, M3), and sulfoxide (M213,841, M4) metabolites from human plasma, and utilizes dual-column separation, using Luna C₁₈ columns (50 mm × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) and positive ionization tandem MS detection in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of the analytes and their respective stable labeled internal standards. The method provides a linear response from a quantitation range of <0.70 ng/ml to at least 500 ng/ml for each analyte using 40 μl of plasma. The applicable range was extended by dilution up to 100-fold with blank matrix. The accuracy and precision for quetiapine were less than 6.0% and 6.4% for quetiapine, respectively. The accuracy (and precision) was less than 9.4% (5.9%) for norquetiapine; 6.4% (6.2%) for M2; and 10.0% (6.4%) for M3; and 8.6% (9.5%) for M4. This methodology enabled the determination of the pharmacokinetics of quetiapine and its metabolites in human plasma, and an example of its application is presented.     

Simultaneous determination of desloratadine and its active metabolite 3-hydroxydesloratadine in human plasma by LC/MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence

A rapid and simple liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of desloratadine and its active metabolite 3-hydroxydesloratadine concentrations in human plasma. After liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl ether for sample preparation, the chromatographic separation was achieved on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column (50 mm x 2.0mm, 5 microm, Shiseido). [(2)H(4)]desloratadine and [(2)H(4)]3-OH desloratadine were used as internal standards. A mobile phase consisted of 5mM ammonium formate in water, methanol and acetonitrile (50:30:20). Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a Sciex API3000. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration) gave the best fit for calibration curves over the concentration range 0.05-10 ng/mL for both desloratadine and 3-OH desloratadine. The method was shown to be accurate, rapid and sufficiently sensitive to be successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioequivalent study.