034 FDG-pET在孤立性肺结节诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用

FDD-PET通过测定细胞糖代谢水平判断组织的良恶性,有很高的敏感性和特异性.应用FDG-PET技术对孤立性肺结节进行鉴别能较为准确地判定病变的良恶性,避免患者接受进一步的有创检查,减少了有创检查并发症的发生,并能节省相应的医疗费用.本文就FDG-PET在孤立性肺结节诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用作一综述.     

孤立性肺结节CT征象表现与病理结果对照分析

目的分析孤立性肺结节CT征象表现与病理结果的对照情况。方法选我院收治的78例孤立性肺结节患者临床资料,78例患者均行螺旋CT扫描,并记录孤立性肺结节直径以及胸膜凹陷、分叶、毛刺、棘突、空泡以及毛玻璃样变化。CT增强扫描时需绘制孤立性肺结节时间与密度曲线,并记录出现CT值峰值的具体时期以及净增值,之后切除患者孤立性肺结节,并进行病理检验,将病理结果与CT征象进行对比,观察各CT征象在良恶性孤立性肺结节中出现的频数、CT灌注成像定量分析以及增强扫描时孤立性肺结节CT值变化。结果术后病理与CT诊断结果比对(P0.05);而恶性结节的血管集束征、毛刺、空泡等征象出现频数高于良性结节,恶性结节的CT灌注参数和良性结节对比存在较大差异,增强扫描时恶性结节CT值大于良性结节,比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过分析恶性与良性结节的CT灌注参数以及征象,能准确鉴别疾病性质。     

PET/CT双时相量化分析在老年患者孤立性肺结节诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨PET/CT双时相显像的最大标准摄取值在孤立性肺结节鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法 87例患者行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,采集注射18F-FDG后45 min(早期)PET/CT全身图像及2 h(晚期)肺部PET/CT图像,将显像结果进行半定量分析并与病理结果对照,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析法评价最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)在双时相显像中对孤立性肺结节良、恶性病变的诊断效能。结果孤立性肺结节恶性病变组双时相的最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)皆高于良性病变组(P<0.05);滞留指数(△SUV)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC曲线上早期最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax1)、晚期最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax2)及△SUV最佳界点为3.62、3.45及14.4%,以早期SUVmax1>3.62作为诊断良恶性的阈值,灵敏度最高为89.1%;以晚期SUVmax2>3.45作为诊断良恶性的阈值,特异性最高为86.9%;以△SUV>14.4%作为诊断良恶性的阈值,准确性为79.3%。结论 PET/CT双时相显像的最大标准化摄取值对孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断有较大的临床应用价值。     

孤立性肺结节病变性质临床鉴别诊断预测模型的初探

目的探讨孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别诊断的有效方法。方法回顾性分析44例孤立性肺结节患者的临床特点,血清学指标及其鉴别诊断效果,并建立临床预测模型。结果44例肺内孤立性结节患者中,恶性肿瘤占19例,良性肿瘤占25例。单因素分析结果患者的年龄、结节大小、结节边界、肿瘤病史、CEA、CA125及miR．21、miR-27b和miR-193b在良恶性孤立性肺结节患者间具有显著差异,多因素判别分析并建立Fisher线性判别函数,交互验证一致函数与原始个案的符合率为93％。结论除患者的一般情况、影像学表现和常规血清标记物外,microRNAs也是鉴别孤立性肺结节良恶性的良好指标,具有重要临床意义。     

FDG-PET在孤立性肺结节诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用

FDG-PET通过测定细胞糖代谢水平判断组织的良恶性,有很高的敏感性和特异性。应用FDG-PET技术对孤立性肺结节进行鉴别能较为准确地判定病变的良恶性,避免患者接受进一步的有创检查,减少了有创检查并发症的发生,并能节省相应的医疗费用。本文就FDG-PET在孤立性肺结节诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用作一综述。     

多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描在孤立性肺结节中的应用价值

目的对多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描在孤立性肺结节中的应用价值进行探讨。方法选取就诊于我院的单发孤立性肺结节患者60例,均给予多层螺旋CT动态扫描,对动态扫描增强后CT值改变情况、多层螺旋CT动态扫描与病理学诊断孤立性肺结节的结果进行比较。结果 1.恶性结节增强扫描后其CT值增高明显,显著高于良性结节,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2.选择增强扫描后CT值改变≥20HU诊断为恶性结节,<20 HU诊断为良性结节,对CT增强扫描和病理学诊断在孤立性结节的诊断结果进行比较,未见明显统计学差异(χ2=1.40,P>0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT增强扫描对良恶性结节的诊断具有较高的应用价值,可以协助良恶性结节的鉴别诊断。     

256层iCT1024矩阵扫描对肺孤立结节的诊断价值

目的探讨1 024矩阵扫描对肺孤立结节病变的良恶性鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析58例经病理证实的肺孤立结节病例,所有病例均经512及1 024矩阵扫描,对照分析其不同矩阵扫描的CT征象。结果对病变的形态及边缘特征、胸膜凹陷征、毛刺征、血管集束征、空泡征、病变周边的征象进行鉴别分析,能提高良性结节与周围型肺癌定性诊断的准确率。结论 1 024矩阵扫描对肺内孤立结节的定性诊断有重要价值。     

孤立性肺结节临床随访诊治的分析研究

目的通过对孤立性肺结节随访时间与临床资料、病理特征等之间的关系进行分析及归纳其特点,提高早期肺癌的诊疗水平。方法收集安徽省胸科医院2019年10月至2020年1月经手术治疗且有明确病理诊断的205例SPN患者的临床及病理资料。回顾性分析良性、恶性两组间的特征,并分析恶性肺结节随访月份与临床资料与病理特征的相关性。结果一、结节的良恶性:病理诊断结果显示,年龄、结节最大直径、结节类型、结节部位,在良、恶性SPN组间差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。二、Logistic多因素分析显示,结节类型、左下肺较其他部位是影响孤立性肺结节的良恶性的因素。三、淋巴结转移与随访月份之间比较存在统计学差异,而其他临床及影像学特征等均无统计学差异。ANOVA均值图显示,在随访6～8个月期间,患者性别、年龄、结节密度、结节部位、脉管癌栓及胸膜转移均有一次波峰。结论患者的年龄、结节最大直径及类型、部位与良、恶性病变的性质有关。随访结节变化过程若出现增大并且实变的患者恶变可能性较大。     

MSCT在肺孤立性磨玻璃结节鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(Multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)在鉴别良恶性肺孤立性磨玻璃结节(sp GGO)中的价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年7月间经MSCT检查有肺孤立性磨玻璃结节的44例患者的MSCT资料,根据病理结果将所有病例分为良性、恶性两组,其中良性结节有13例,包括9例不典型腺瘤样增生(AAH),4例慢性炎症;恶性结节有31例,均为腺癌。观察肺孤立性磨玻璃结节的CT征象特点,包括病灶形态、大小、边缘、实性成分、空气支气管征、空泡征、胸膜凹陷征、瘤肺界面、毛刺征、分叶征、血管集束征,对照病理结果,统计分析CT征象与肺磨玻璃结节良恶性的相关性。结果肺孤立性磨玻璃结节的病灶形态、大小、边缘、实性成分、空泡征、胸膜凹陷征、毛刺征、分叶征、血管集束征与sp GGO的良恶性有相关性,结果具有统计学差异(P0.05),而两组sp GGO的空气支气管征、瘤肺界面没有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 MSCT对肺孤立性磨玻璃结节的良恶性鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

孤立性肺结节恶性病变的危险因素分析

目的探讨孤立性肺结节恶性病变的危险因素。方法统计120例孤立性肺结节的临床特征,对这些临床特征与孤立性肺结节的性质之间的关系作单因素分析,进一步对有统计学意义者作多因素分析。结果 120例中有64例(53.3%)术后病检结果为恶性病变。单因素分析中,吸烟史、结节大小、年龄及影像学表现4个因素差异具有统计学意义。多因素分析中年龄、影像学表现两个因素差异具有统计学意义。结论吸烟史、结节大小、年龄及影像学表现,尤其是后二者是孤立性肺结节恶性病变的危险因素,综合分析这些因素,可提高对孤立性肺结节良恶性判断的准确性。     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

Lung scintigraphy with technetium 99m depreotide in the assessment of solitary pulmonary nodules

A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is defined as a parenchymal lesion measuring less than 3 cm in diameter that is not associated with other lesions. Ninety percent of SPNs are discovered incidentally and most are benign. The management of radiographically indeterminate SPNs has not been established and invasive procedures must be undertaken in order to understand the nature of the nodule. We review our experience with the use of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with technetium Tc99m depreotide in 10 patients with suspected malignant SPN. We discuss the limitations and applications of this technique in the evaluation of whether SPNs are benign or malignant for the purpose of identifying patients for biopsy. For this application, this technique can be considered an alternative to positron emission tomography using fluorine-18 fluordeoxyglucose.     

Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy following negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy in solitary pulmonary nodules

To evaluate the utility of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TTNAB) following negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), we reviewed the records from 262 patients who had undergone TTNAB over an eight-year period. Fifty-eight patients had a SPN and met the criteria for inclusion in this series. Twenty-five of these (43 percent) were diagnosed by TTNAB; 24 had malignant lesions; one had M tuberculosis. Of the remaining 33 patients, 18 went on to definitive diagnostic procedures (surgery, repeat FOB or TTNAB). Nine of these patients had a malignancy. Fifteen patients were followed long-term; one was diagnosed with carcinoma two years after the initial work-up. Carcinoma was not found in any patient under 40 years of age. A benign lesion was diagnosed by TTNAB in only two patients. We conclude that TTNAB is a valuable procedure in the evaluation of patients with a SPN and negative FOB. While a negative FOB and TTNAB do not assure that the lesion is benign, a complex of variables influences the decision regarding thoracotomy vs careful follow-up.     

The value of BAL fluid LDH level in differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules

Purpose Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration is an indicator of tissue injury. It may be locally secreted in some conditions. This study was performed in order to investigate the value of LDH levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the differentiation of a bening, from a malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and to assess its relationship with serum LDH levels. Methods The study was a prospective clinical study. It included 59 patients with a SPN. They underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Both total serum and BAL LDH levels were measured. Results BALF LDH level was increased in all patients with malignant SPN. The mean BALF LDH level was significantly higher in patients with malignant SPN (342.23 ± 89.98) as compared to the benign ones (17.62 ± 7.90) (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between BALF LDH and serum LDH level in patients with SPNs (P = 0.595). Conclusion BALF LDH levels are increased in patients with malignant SPN, but had no significant rise in benign SPN. This factor is useful in differentiating the benign SPNs from malignant SPNs.     

Radiologische Abkl?rung pulmonaler Rundherde

Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) are a frequent problem in the clinical routine of pneumologists. In the evaluation of SPN, malignant nodules need to be differentiated from benign SPN with a high level of confidence. The management of SPN is based on the pre-test probability of malignancy (smoking history, other known malignancy) and on morphologic criteria seen on radiographs and especially CT. The presence of benign calcifications and a SPN that is stable on imaging tests for at least 2 years are highly suggestive of a benign lesion. For the indeterminate SPN ≤ 8 mm CT follow-up is recommended, with intervals depending on the size and pre-test-probability of malignancy. For the indeterminate SPN >8 mm, management should again be based on the pre-test probability of malignancy, with CT follow-up, dynamic CT and MRT, FDG-PET, histological analysis and possibly surgical removal representing the diagnostic options.     

孤立性肺结节的临床分析

目的研究孤立性肺结节(SPN)的临床特征,探讨SPN诊断与治疗。方法胸腔镜手术治疗肺结节64例,分析年龄、性别、症状、吸烟史、肺内结节的影像学表现、手术情况、术后病理等因素。结果 SPN的恶性病变与吸烟史,肿瘤直径,肿瘤的边界,肿瘤钙化有关。64例患者中诊断为恶性病变36(56.25%)例。28(43.75%)例术中快速病理诊断为良性病变,其中错构瘤4例,结核球14例,炎性假瘤10例。结论 SPN的良恶性与吸烟史,结节大小,肿瘤边界,是否钙化有关;胸腔镜手术有助于SPN病理诊断与治疗。     

The solitary pulmonary nodule. Assessment, diagnosis, and management

We have presented a brief overview of an approach that has been very successful in our hands in the patient with an SPN. Even though the patient who has undergone a thoracotomy is full of gratitude to his physician when told that the resected lesion was benign and does not question the need for the thoracotomy, we have met equally happy and gratified patients when they were told that their lesion is benign be it after CT densitometry or needle biopsy. When properly performed, these techniques demand care and attention to detail much like the surgeon performing a delicate procedure. Without proper care, these procedures can in fact reflect negatively on the physician performing them and fall in disrepute. CT densitometry and transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy allow effective management of the patient with an SPN with prompt documentation of both malignant or benign lesions. With the proper application of these techniques, the majority of patients with benign disease will not need a thoracotomy for diagnosis with resultant benefits to the patient as well as to third-party payers.     

A multicenter trial with a somatostatin analog (99m)Tc depreotide in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules

OBJECTIVE: The affinity of various malignant neoplasms including small cell and non-small cell lung cancer for peptide analogs of somatostatin has been well documented. Depreotide is such an analog and can be complexed with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc depreotide) for optimal imaging properties. Using this radiopharmaceutical, solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) were previously evaluated in a successful phase II/III trial. The results of the larger multicenter phase III study using (99m)Tc depreotide to differentiate malignant and benign etiologies in SPN are now presented. METHODS: Patients with SPN 30 years, and no demonstrable radiographic stability for the prior 2 years were studied. All underwent single-photon emission CT (SPECT) with (99m)Tc depreotide and subsequent tissue histologic examination. Three nuclear medicine specialists blinded to histologic findings examined the SPECT images and scored them as positive or negative based on the presence or absence of activity in the radiographic region of the SPN. The final result was determined by the majority score, which was then compared with the histologic result. RESULTS: Of the 114 individuals studied, 88 had a histologic result compatible with malignant neoplasm. (99m)Tc depreotide scintigraphy correctly identified 85 of this group, with three false-negative determinations compared with histology. There were seven false-positive determinations, including six granulomas and one hamartoma. (99m)Tc depreotide scintigraphy correctly excluded malignancy in 19 of 26 patients with benign histologic findings. The sensitivity of this method was 96.6% with a specificity of 73.1%. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc depreotide scintigraphy is a safe and useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of SPN with a sensitivity and accuracy comparable to that reported for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.     

Size of solitary pulmonary nodule was the risk factor of malignancy

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the sizes of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in predicting their potential malignancies.

Methods

A total of 379 patients with pathologically confirmed SPNs were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups based on the SPN sizes: ≤10, 11-20, and >20 mm. The computed tomography (CT) findings of these SPNs were analyzed in these three groups to identify the malignant and benign SPNs. The risk factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of these 379 patients, 120 had benign SPNs and 259 had malignant SPNs. In the ≤10 mm SPN group, air cavity density was the risk factor for malignancy, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy being 77.8%, 75.0%, and 76.3%. In the 11-20 mm SPN group, age, glitches and vascular aggregation were the risk factors for malignancy, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy being 91.3%, 56.9%, and 81.5%. In the >20 mm SPN group, age, lobulation, and vascular aggregation were the risk factors for malignancy, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy being 88.6%, 57.1%, and 79.1%.

Conclusions

According to CT findings of SPNs, age, glitches, lobulation, vascular aggregation, and air cavity density are the risk factors of malignancy, whereas calcification and satellite lesions are the protective factors. During the course of development from small to large nodules, air cavity density could be firstly detected in early stages, followed by glitches and vascular aggregation. Lobulation is associated with relatively large lesions.