环氧化酶2、血管内皮生长因子C/血管内皮生长因子受体3与肺癌淋巴转移

淋巴转移是肺癌转移途径之一.在肺癌淋巴转移过程中,血管内皮生长因子及其受体家族发挥了重要的作用.尤其是淋巴内皮特异性受体血管内皮生长因子受体3及其配体血管内皮生长因子C对促进淋巴管生长具有关键的作用.同时近年研究表明环氧化酶2与肺癌淋巴转移呈正相关.环氧化酶2、血管内皮生长因子C/血管内皮生长因子受体3有望成为肺癌淋巴管转移靶向治疗的新靶点.     

血管内皮生长因子和肺癌

肿瘤血管生成在肺癌的生长和转移中发挥着重要的作用,众多肿瘤血管生成因子和抑制因子参与了肿瘤血管生成的调控,其中,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是己知最重要的血管内皮细胞有丝分裂素.本文就肺癌血管生成中血管内皮生长因子的作用机制、诱导因素及其抗血管生成治疗作一简要综述.     

肺癌转移的炎症微环境机制研究进展

近年来,炎症微环境在肿瘤进展过程中的作用日益受到重视,多项研究表明肺癌的炎症微环境在肺癌的转移中起着重要作用.炎症微环境可以通过直接或间接促进肿瘤血管生成、细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡进程,从而促进肺癌的转移,而这一过程主要是借助炎症因子、炎症信号通路等途径而实现的.本文就近年来肺癌转移的炎症微环境机制相关的研究进展作一综述.     

肾上腺髓质素与肺部疾病

肾上腺髓质素(Adrenomedullin,AM)是新近发现的一种具有广泛生物学作用的血管活性多肽.研究中证实,AM具有扩张肺血管,降低肿动脉高压的作用,并可抑制血管平滑肌的内皮素产生,提示AM可能在肺动脉高压形成中起重要作用。此外,AM还可能与支气管哮喘、肺癌及ARDS等肺部疾病有关。     

VEGF 与非小细胞性肺癌关系的研究进展简

原发性支气管肺癌简称肺癌,是一种源于支气管黏膜或腺体的恶性肿瘤.肺癌是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,它也是发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,其中有超过80%为非小细胞性肺癌（NSCLC）[1].血管增生是肿瘤发生和发展的重要一步,可以有效促进肿瘤的生长、侵袭和转移.血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是一种高度特异的血管内皮细胞有丝分裂素,是目前已知的特异性最高、功能最强最重要的血管生成调控因子.研究证明VEGF其亚型的表达变化在肿瘤发生、发展过程中起了重要的作用[2].VEGF与其特异性受体VEGFR结合后[3],通过一系列调控机制和生物反馈,诱发血管内皮细胞分裂、增殖,促进内皮细胞转移并增强毛细血管通透性及血浆渗出,从而在肿瘤形成、生长、侵袭及转移过程中扮演了相当重要的角色,故被认为是与肿瘤发生、发展相关的最重要因子之一[4].现对VEGF与NSCLC的关系作如下概述.     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与肺癌侵袭转移的研究进展

肺癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,肿瘤侵袭转移是导致肺癌治疗失败和预后不良的重要原因。现就肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）在肺癌侵袭转移过程中的作用及与肿瘤血管生成的关系作一综述。     

中期因子蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究中期因子（MK）蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其与肺癌的血管生成、生物学特性和临床病理特征的关系.方法 运用免疫组织化学方法检测了50例非小细胞肺癌组织中MK蛋白和微血管密度（MVD）.结果 （1）MK的阳性表达率为82%,在淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径较大和Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者MK蛋白阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移、Ⅰ～Ⅱ期和肿瘤直径较小的患者,MK表达阳性者MVD显著高于MK表达阴性者.结论 MK在肺癌血管生成中发挥重要作用,诱导肿瘤的发展和转移;MVD的增高与肺癌的恶性进展密切相关;联合检测MK和MVD可评价肿瘤生物学行为,可能对进一步指导临床诊断与治疗提供一定的理论依据.     

肾上腺髓质素与肺部疾病

肾上腺髓质素（ＡＭ）是新近发现的一种具有广泛生物学作用的血管活性多肽。研究中证实，ＡＭ具有扩张肺血管，降低肺动脉高压的作用，并可抑制血管平滑肌的内皮素产生，提示ＡＭ可能在肺动脉高压形成中起重要作用。此外，ＡＭ还可能与支气管哮喘、肺癌及ＡＲＤＳ等肺部疾病有关。     

内皮素在冠心病中的研究进展

血管内皮细胞为内分泌器官,它通过合成和释放一系列血管活性物质和细胞因子（如一氧化氮、内皮素、前列环素、缓激肽、血管紧张素Ⅱ等）调节血管紧张度,抑制血小板聚集及白细胞黏附,抗凝血和血栓形成,以及调控血管新生等。其中内皮素（endothehn,ET）是内皮细胞分泌的最重要的缩血管物质,在冠心病的发生、发展中起重要作用。本文将对内皮素在冠心病中研究进展作一综述。     

肺癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达及其与血管密度的关系

目的 研究各种类型肺癌中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达和病灶局部微血管密度（MVD）. 方法应用免疫组化法对非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌及其癌旁组织和正常肺组织进行VEGF和MVD（Ⅷ因子）的检测.结果 VEGF在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌和癌旁肺组织中均有不同程度的表达,VEGF在中、低分化程度肺癌中的表达程度高于高分化肺癌,在伴有淋巴结转移的肺癌组织中的表达较强.不同分化程度的肺癌组织中MVD呈上升趋势,分化程度低,血管密度高;伴有淋巴结转移,血管密度高.VEGF表达强度与肺癌的 MVD值密切相关,随VEGF表达强度增高,MVD值亦显著增高.结论 VEGF 在不同类型肺癌中有表达,与MVD和肺癌的发生、发展、转移关系密切,可作为肺癌的预后指标.     

非小细胞肺癌组织MMP9、EGFR的表达及意义

目的检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达对NSCLC发生、发展的影响。方法分析其表达与肺癌发生、发展的相关性;结果 NSCLC组织中MMP-9、EGFR的表达均高于正常组织,其比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论检测NSCLC的MMP-9、EGFR的表达对判断肿瘤的恶性程度和预后评估有一定的意义。     

白介素与非小细胞肺癌转移的关系

肺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重危害人类健康。IL被认为除了参与免疫调节与炎症反应外,对肺癌的发生、发展也起着重要作用,国内外学者为了解IL与肺癌的相互作用机制而进行了深入的研究。本文就其中几种IL与肺癌,尤其是与非小细胞肺癌侵袭和转移的关系进行综述。     

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of circRNAs in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple pathways during lung cancer pathogenesis. Apart from functional significance, many circRNAs have been shown to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics and predict lung cancer prognosis. Our aim is to summarize the expanding knowledge of clinical roles of circRNAs in lung cancer.Methods:A thorough search of literature was conducted to identify articles about the correlation between circRNA expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological values. Biological mechanisms were summarized.Results:This study included 35 original articles and 32 circRNAs with prognostic roles for lung cancer. Increased expression of 25 circRNAs and decreased expression of 7 circRNAs predicted poor prognosis. For non-small cell lung cancer, changes of circRNAs were correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation, indicating the major function of circRNAs is to promote lung cancer invasion and migration. Particularly, meta-analysis of ciRS-7, hsa_circ_0020123, hsa_circ_0067934 showed increase of the 3 circRNAs was associated with positive lymph node metastasis. Increase of ciRS-7 and hsa_circ_0067934 was also related with advanced TNM stage. The biological effects depend on the general function of circRNA as microRNA sponge.Conclusions:CircRNAs have the potential to function as prognostic markers and are associated with lung cancer progression and metastasis.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清中VEGF动态变化规律的临床意义

目的了解血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLS）患者手术前、后血清中的表达，及其动态变化规律的临床意义。方法用ELISA法检测35例非小细胞肺癌患者手术前、后血清中VEGF的表达率，采用SPSS13．0软件包分别进行统计，其中年龄与性别比较采用￡检验，其他采用方差分析。结果手术前、后比较，血清中VEGF的含量明显增高（P〈0．01），VEGF水平变化与肿瘤大小、细胞分化程度有密切关系（P〈0．05），而与性别、年龄、肿瘤病理类型、病理分期、淋巴结转移状态、有无远处转移等均无明显关系。结论检测非小细胞肺癌患者血清中VEGF的水平可作为预测NSCLS侵袭、转移和判断预后的指标。     

Multifaceted nature of membrane microdomains in colorectal cancer

Membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are known to be highly dynamic and to act as selective signal transduction mediators that facilitate interactions between the cell's external and internal environments.Lipid rafts play an important mediating role in the biology of cancer:they have been found in almost all existing experimental cancer models,including colorectal cancer (CRC),and play key regulatory roles in cell migration,metastasis,cell survival and tumor progression.This paper explores the current state...     

Hepatic androgen receptor suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through modulation of cell migration and anoikis

Early reports suggested androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signals promote hepatocarcinogenesis. However, all antiandrogen clinical trials failed in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without reasonable explanations. We examined AR functions in HCC cancer metastasis in this study. We examined hepatic AR roles in HCC metastasis by comparing liver hepatocyte AR knockout and wildtype in a carcinogen-induced HCC mouse model. We examined tumor histology, cancer metastatic risks, and cancer survival in vivo, as well as cell anoikis and migration using primary hepatic tumor culture in vitro. We also examined therapeutic potentials of AR expression combined with the molecular targeting agent sorafenib in an HCC metastasis mouse model. We found a novel cancer phenotype in which mice lacking hepatic AR developed more undifferentiated tumors and larger tumor size at the metastatic stage. These mice also died earlier with increased lung metastasis, suggesting that hepatic AR may play dual yet opposite roles to promote HCC initiation but suppress HCC metastasis. Mechanistic dissection found that hepatic AR could enhance anoikis and suppress migration of HCC cells by way of suppression of p38 phosphorylation/activation and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) pathway, respectively. In addition, the in vivo preclinical trials concluded that a combination therapy of increased AR expression and reduced multiple-kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) exhibited better therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that AR could orchestrate intrahepatic signaling hierarchies and cellular behaviors, consequently affect HCC progression. Results from combination therapy shed light on developing new therapeutic paradigms for battling HCC at later metastatic stages.     

A review of the profile of endothelin axis in cancer and its management

The endothelins and their associated receptors are important controllers of vascular growth, inflammation and vascular tone. In cancer, they have roles in the control of numerous factors in cancer development and progression, including angiogenesis, stromal reaction, epithelial mesenchymal transitions, apoptosis, invasion, metastases and drug resistance. Also, we consider current information on the role of this signalling system in cancer and examine the state of the current cell, animal and clinical trials utilizing endothelin targeted drugs for cancer management. Although targeting the endothelin axis in cell lines and xenografts show some promise in retarding cellular growth, results from limited clinical trials in prostatic cancer are less encouraging and did not offer significant survival benefit. The ability to target both cancer cells and vasculature via endothelin is an important consideration that necessitates the further refining of therapeutic strategies as we continue to explore the possibilities of the endothelin axis in cancer treatment.     

蛋白质组学在食管癌发生中的研究进展

随着人类基因组全序列草图的完成,从基因水平向蛋白质水平的深化,已成为生命科学研究的迫切需要和新的任务。蛋白质组学是研究蛋白质组成和动态变化的一门新兴学科,蛋白质组学研究技术已经应用于肿瘤的发生机制、诊断、治疗之中。从蛋白质整体水平上研究食管癌的发生与转移,寻找食管癌发生及转移相关的新的蛋白质、特异性的标志物及药物治疗的靶标,对食管癌的诊治将起到重要作用。现综述蛋白质组学研究在食管癌发生中的研究进展。     

Serum angiopoietin-2 as a clinical marker for lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Angiopoietins play a critical role in the angiogenesis related to tumor growth in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and enhanced expression of angiopoietin-2 has been reported in lung cancer tissue. METHODS: Patients with lung cancer (n = 136) and healthy volunteers (n = 40) were enrolled. Serum angiopoietin-2 and VEGF concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Patients with lung cancer had higher serum angiopoietin-2 (2,046.3 +/- 1,171.3 pg/mL vs 1,269.8 +/- 494.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and VEGF (542.9 +/- 445.8 pg/mL vs 364.7 +/- 185.9 pg/mL, p < 0.05) [mean +/- SD] levels than the control group. Serum angiopoietin-2 and VEGF levels correlated with each other in patients with lung cancer (Spearman r = 0.30, p < 0.001), specifically in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [n = 110; r = 0.34; p < 0.001] but not in small cell lung cancer (n = 26). With stage progression in NSCLC, serum angiopoietin-2 levels increased, and patients with distant metastasis had higher levels than those without metastasis (p < 0.005). By contrast, serum VEGF level did not increase with stage progression, and only had a trend toward elevation in distant metastasis (p = 0.05). In NSCLC, the low angiopoietin-2 group (< 1,605.5 pg/mL) had a better overall survival compared to the high angiopoietin-2 group (> or = 1,605.5 pg/mL; p < 0.05), although this survival benefit was not maintained after controlling for stage in a multivariate analysis. The angiopoietin-2 levels were higher in NSCLC patients with postoperative recurrence than in those without. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that serum angiopoietin-2 is a useful clinical marker for detecting NSCLC with distant metastasis and is of potential prognostic value.