强迫症患者全脑灰质与静息态功能影像研究

目的探讨强迫症患者脑结构及脑功能异常以及治疗前后的变化。方法采用3.0T核磁共振仪对18例未服药强迫症患者治疗前后进行全脑扫描,获得高分辨率3D-T结构后,采用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法（VBM）计算全脑灰质容积;静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据采用低频振幅（ALFF）方法处理,并与16例年龄、性别相匹配的正常人群相对照。结果与对照组相比,强迫症组右侧丘脑、双侧扣带回左侧尾状核及右侧苍白球体灰质容积减少（P＜0.05）;小脑前叶、左侧眶额上回、右侧额中回、左侧颞中回、左楔前叶、中央前回、中央后回等皮质结构灰质容积增加（P＜0.05）;右侧小脑与右侧顶叶静息态fMRI过度激活,左侧扣带回、豆状核与尾状核激活减弱（P＜0.05）;药物治疗反应良好的强迫症患者左侧丘脑、左侧豆状核、左侧壳核、左侧前、后扣带回灰质容积均较治疗前明显增加（均P＜0.05）;静息态fMRI结果提示治疗前后无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论强迫症患者存在多个脑区灰质容积和静息态脑功能异常,有效的药物治疗可部分逆转这种异常状态。     

18F-FDG PET显像对强迫症手术治疗前后的观察

目的应用18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET显像评估强迫症手术治疗的疗效。方法9例经药物和心理治疗无效的难治性强迫症患者在术前和术后分别接受了YALE-BROWN强迫症评定量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及FDGPET显像,同期的PET显像在治疗前后以相同的计数、脑定位及相同的处理条件进行采集和处理,患者在注射FDG时均保持相同的条件。与10例年龄相匹配的对照者脑葡萄糖代谢进行比较,观察治疗前强迫症患者与对照者脑葡萄糖代谢的区别,并与手术治疗后的PET显像和量表评分进行比较。结果与对照者相比,9例强迫症患者在额叶、扣带回、眶回、基底节尾状核头部和丘脑等处均可见FDG的高摄取。PET显像结果与YALE-BROWN和HAMA量表评分结果相符。治疗后9例患者中6例取得良好疗效,其PET显像见额叶、扣带回、眶回、基底节尾状核头部和丘脑FDG代谢减低,且与量表评分结果一致。结论FDGPET显像可用于解释强迫症异常脑环路的存在,在治疗前有助于脑异常功能区的定位,与YALE-BROWN和HAMA的量表测定联合应用有助于强迫症的诊断。同时,FDGPET显像可用于该病的疗效观察和并发症的功能定位。     

强迫症患者脑内环路磁共振波谱成像研究

目的 应用磁共振波谱成像（MRS）研究首发强迫症患者脑内环路物质代谢,探讨其发病机制.方法 对20例首发强迫症患者及20例健康志愿者行常规磁共振及三维磁共振氢质子波谱（1H-MRS）检查,测量双侧前额叶、眶额叶、尾状核头部、前扣带回、丘脑的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱复合物（Cho）与肌酸（Cr）的比值,对两组之间各部位的比值分别进行两独立样本t检验.结果 首发强迫症组患者丘脑的Cho/Cr比值（1.37-0.11）明显高于对照组（1.17±0.09）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;而前额叶、眶额叶、尾状核头部、前扣带回的Cho/Cr比值与对照组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.首发强迫症患者尾状核头部、丘脑的NAA/Cr分别为（1.22±0.15）、（1.22±0.11）,明显低于对照组[分别为（1.47±0.17）、（1.35±0.11）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;前扣带回、眶额叶的NAA/Cr分别为（2.92±0.15）、（2.78±0.23）,均高于对照组[分别为（2.76±0.21）、（2.57±0.18）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;而前额叶未见明显变化（P＞0.05）.结论 首发强迫症患者皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质环路的功能存在障碍,该神经环路在强迫症发病机制中可能起着一定的作用.     

强迫症患者局部脑血流灌注与认知功能特点

目的:探讨强迫症患者局部脑血流灌注和认知功能特点及2者的相关性.方法:应用单光子发射计算机断层扫捕(SPECT)技术,对首发且未经治疗的39例强迫症患者(强迫症组)和39例正常人(正常对照组)于静息状态下行脑血流显像.以小脑皮质的放射性计数值为参考,计算各脑区放射性计数比值(RAR).采用威斯康星卡片分类测查进行认知功能评定.结果:强迫症组的左、右侧前额叶、前颞叶和右枕叶的RAR值分别为(94.4±6.1)、(99.8±6.4)、(91.6±6.1)、(92.8±6.6)和(102.3±7.7),高于正常对照组的(88.3±7.1)、(86.9±7.9)、(84.0±7.2)、(84.4±7.3)和(96.4±10.2),差异有统计学意义(t=6.78、11.93、7.15、9.40和4.89,P均＜0.05).威斯康星分类测查中,强迫症组正确数、完成分类数的得分为(33.24±5.39)和(4.42±1.62),低于正常对照组的(38.15±4.64)和(5.72±0.94)(t=-3.657和-2.495,P均＜0.05);在错误数和持续错误数上的得分为(13.21±6.89)和(6.79±4.89),高于正常对照组的(7.53±5.97)和(2.06±1.29)(t=5.881和4.873,P均＜0.05).右前额叶RAR与正确数呈负相关(r=-0.783.P=0.014),右前颢叶RAR与错误数旱正相关(r=0.384,P=0.047),右前额叶、左丘脑RAR与持续错误数呈正相关(r=0.511和0.610,P=0.041和0.049).结论:强迫症患者双侧前额叶、前颞叶脑血流灌注存在明显增高现象;右侧额叶、颞叶及左丘脑与认知损害相关.     

长期戒断甲基苯丙胺依赖患者脑结构影像学改变

目的：了解长期戒断甲基苯丙胺依赖患者的脑结构特点。方法：招募44名长期戒断甲基苯丙胺依赖患者 (戒断时间大于14个月)及40名健康对照作为研究对象,在年龄、受教育程度、吸烟、饮酒方面进行匹配,使用西门子 3.0T skyra头部正交线圈行结构功能磁共振研究;采用自制量表了解受试者基本情况和毒品使用情况,获取三维脑结 构图像,然后采用基于体素的形态学分析法进行数据分析,行双样本t检验(cluster size>20,P<0.001,未校正)获得两 组间差异性脑灰质区域。结果：与健康对照组比较,长期戒断甲基苯丙胺依赖患者双侧小脑脚、左侧颞上回、右侧 枕叶舌回灰质体积增加,双侧距状裂周围皮质、双侧楔叶灰质体积缩小,其中左侧楔叶、左侧小脑脚灰质体积与戒 断时间成正相关。结论：滥用甲基苯丙胺患者经过长期戒断后脑灰质结构仍存在异常,但是部分行为认知功能可随 戒断时间延长得到改善。     

未治疗惊恐障碍患者脑结构和脑功能的磁共振研究

目的:探讨未治疗惊恐障碍患者的脑结构和脑功能特点.方法:分别对24例惊恐障碍患者和健康对照者依次完成情绪计数Stroop任务的功能磁共振和三维结构磁共振扫描,应用优化的基于体素形态学( voxel-based morphology,VBM)方法分析脑灰质体积.结果:将加工惊恐词汇与中性词汇相比较,惊恐障碍患者组在左侧丘脑、左侧额叶内侧回、左侧前扣带回、左侧额下回、左侧岛叶较健康对照组激活不足;而在右侧脑干、右侧枕叶/舌回过度激活.惊恐障碍患者组左侧颞上回、右侧额叶内侧回、左侧枕中回、左侧丘脑背内侧核、右侧前扣带回比健康对照组的灰质体积降低.结论:惊恐障碍患者前扣带回功能出现抑制和弱化,选择性注意能力下降.     

家族性和散发性首发精神分裂症患者及其父母的脑结构差异

目的应用优化的基于体素的形态学研究方法(voxel based morphometry,VBM)比较家族性和散发性首发精神分裂症患者及其父母的脑结构差异。方法纳入家族性精神分裂症患者10例,其父母8例;散发性精神分裂症患者10例,其父母12例。同时纳入20例正常对照。采用优化的VBM方法处理高分辨T1加权图像,最后用两样本t检验分别比较两组患者及两组患者父母之间的脑灰质密度的差别。结果与散发性患者相比,家族性精神分裂症患者双侧丘脑的灰质密度均有降低。家族性分裂症患者父母的双侧丘脑、右侧海马旁回、左侧海马及左侧颞上回灰质密度较散发性患者父母降低。与正常对照相比,家族性及散发性精神分裂症患者双侧岛、右侧颞叶、右侧枕叶、左侧苍白球、右侧小脑及左侧额叶直回的灰质密度降低。两组患者的父母组中,只有家族性患者父母的一些脑区(包括右侧丘脑)的灰质密度较正常对照降低。结论家族性精神分裂症患者的双侧丘脑灰质密度较散发性患者显著降低,为以往研究中发现的家族性和散发性精神分裂症患者临床症状学的差异提供了脑结构的神经影像学证据。同时,家族性患者父母双侧丘脑的灰质密度较散发性患者父母也有明显降低,这一结果说明两组患者丘脑结构的差异与遗传有较大的关系。     

强迫症患者明尼苏达多相人格测定特征研究

目的探索强迫症患者的人格特征以及不同临床特点对强迫症患者人格的影响.方法采用Yale-Brown强迫量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和明尼苏达多相人格测定问卷(MMPI),对46例强迫症患者进行测试,并与41例正常人做对照研究.结果强迫症组疑病、抑郁、癔症、心理变态、男性化-女性化、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂以及社会内向因子分均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);除癔症和社会内向两因子外,其他MMPI各因子分男性强迫症患者明显高于女性患者(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);强迫症患者MMPI的疑病、抑郁、男性化-女性化以及精神衰弱等因子与患者的焦虑抑郁情绪呈正相关,而与强迫症状的严重程度无关.结论强迫症患者可能存在病态心理状态;不同性别的强迫症患者其人格特点存在一定的差异性;强迫症患者的人格特征与焦虑、抑郁情绪之间可能存在一定的相关性.     

首发精神分裂症患者体质量指数与脑灰质体积比率的相关性

目的 分析未经治疗的首发精神分裂症患者体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)与年龄、脑体积指标、精神病性症状的相关性,以探讨首发精神分裂症的特征性BMI异常。 方法 未用药首发精神分裂症患者97例及与之相匹配的健康对照97例纳入本研究。测评BMI,做磁共振扫描,评定患者的精神病性症状。 结果 ① 两组间BMI值、白质体积值、灰质体积值、灰质体积比率差异无统计学意义。② 相关分析:健康对照组BMI与年龄呈正相关(r=0.42,P=0.001),与脑灰质体积(r=-0.33,P=0.012)及脑灰质体积比率呈负相关(r=-0.39, P=0.003),与白质体积不存在相关性。患者组上述相关性消失,且没有发现BMI与阳性与阴性症状量表总量表分或各因子分存在相关性。 结论 对正常青壮年BMI的研究,发现其与年龄呈正相关,与灰质体积比率呈负相关。首发精神分裂症患者BMI与年龄和脑灰质体积比率的相关性消失,且该异常独立于临床症状存在。     

鼻咽癌放疗后早期全脑灰质体积改变及其与患者认知功能的相关性

目的应用基于体素的形态学(VBM)方法,比较鼻咽癌放疗前与放疗后早期脑灰质容积的变化,并分析放疗后脑灰质异常和患者整体认知评分的相关性。方法将24例通过病理确诊的首次接受放疗的鼻咽癌患者纳入本研究,每位患者在放疗前(放疗前组)及完成放疗后6个月以内(放疗后组)分别接受高分辨三维T1加权像的采集。运用基于SPM8的VBM8工具包进行数据后处理。同期采用Mo CA量表测评所有患者的整体认知水平。结果鼻咽癌放疗后组的灰质体积在左侧小脑、右侧额内侧回及左侧额叶(左侧中央前回)较放疗前组缩小(P0.05,FDR校正,簇体积50个体素)。放疗后组右侧额内侧回的平均灰质体积和患者Mo CA总评分呈正相关(r=0.431,P=0.036)。结论 VBM方法可以灵敏地探测到鼻咽癌放疗后脑灰质体积的异常改变,这可能为放疗后认知功能损害的潜在的发病机制提供新的认识。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.