Wallis动态稳定系统置入治疗腰椎失稳症的效果

背景：为保证可控制范围内的脊柱运动,改变失稳节段运动的负荷模式,并限制其异常活动,同时避免相邻节段椎间盘退变的发生,多种后路腰椎非融合固定装置被研发并用于临床。 目的：探讨Wallis动态稳定系统治疗腰椎失稳症的临床效果。 方法：选择中山大学附属第一医院脊柱外科收治的腰椎失稳症患者10例,男3例,女7例,年龄43~65岁,其中失稳节段1例为L1/2和L4/5,1例为L2/3,1例为L3/4,其余均为L4/5;合并相同节段腰椎间盘突出症2例,腰椎管狭窄症7例,相邻节段腰椎管狭窄症3例;失稳节段均行后路椎管减压、Wallis置入固定治疗。观察治疗前后视觉模拟VAS评分、下腰痛JOA评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数变化;失稳节段和相邻节段的活动范围及L4/5节段椎间盘后高度的变化。 结果与结论：10例患者均获得随访,随访时间2~13个月,平均9.2个月。手术时间平均128 min(90~185 min),术中平均出血量264 mL (50~600 mL)。腰痛均消失,术后患者的症状和体征均有明显改善;1例置入治疗后3个月因L4/5右侧腰椎管狭窄症复发,再行开窗减压术后症状消失。治疗后VAS评分较术前显著降低(P=0.003);JOA评分较术前显著增加(P=0.002),ODI评分较术前显著降低(P=0.008)。术后L4/5节段的活动范围与术前相比明显减少(P < 0.05),而术后相邻节段L3/4、L5/S1的活动范围与术前相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示Wallis动态稳定系统置入治疗腰椎失稳症能够取得比较满意的临床效果。     

人工椎间盘置换对腰椎小关节应力影响的三维有限元分析

背景：近年来随着对脊柱生物力学研究的深入,人工椎间盘被认为是治疗腰椎退行性变较理想的方法,但目前对人工腰椎间盘的生物力学研究还非常有限。 目的：建立腰椎运动节段人工椎间盘置换的三维有限元模型并进行生物力学分析,观察人工椎间盘置换对腰椎小关节应力的影响。 方法：在已建立的正常腰椎运动节段三维有限元模型的基础上去除L4~5椎间盘、上下终板的有限元单元,加入SB-Chaite Ⅲ型人工椎间盘的有限元模型,保留L4~5椎间隙的纤维环及相关韧带,形成L4~5运动节段人工椎间盘置换的三维有限元模型。对三维有限元模型在垂直压缩、前屈、后伸、侧弯等不同载荷下进行生物力学分析,记录小关节的应力,并与正常运动节段三维有限元模型相应部位的应力进行对比。 结果与结论：生物力学分析结果显示,人工椎间盘置换后：①垂直压缩时上下椎体、双侧小关节内应力与正常节段相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.01)。②前屈、后伸时上下椎体前、后方及双侧小关节内应力与正常节段相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.01)。③侧弯时上下椎体左右两侧及双侧小关节内应力与正常节段相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.01)。提示人工腰椎间盘置换后小关节应力可保持在正常运动节段的水平,人工腰椎间盘置换可以达到腰椎生物力学性能重建的目的。     

局部生物力学因素在L5/S1椎间盘突出症发病中的作用

背景：近年来,有关生物力学因素与腰背痛关系的报道大多集中在腰椎整体生物力学与腰背痛的研究上,而针对局部生物力学特点与单纯腰椎间盘突出的研究则较少。 目的：探讨局部生物力学因素在L5/S1椎间盘突出症发病中的作用。 方法：共纳入对象124例,包括椎间盘突出症组和对照组,62例/组。椎间盘突出症组为2008-06/2009-07于青岛大学医学院附属医院诊断明确并行手术治疗的L5/S1椎间盘突出症患者;对照组为健康体检人员。在腰椎正侧位X射线片上测量和观察各组L5椎体相对深度、腰骶移行椎、L5/S1椎间盘相对高度、腰骶角、骶骨水平角和骶骨垂直角的变化。 结果与结论：与对照组比较,椎间盘突出症组L5椎体相对深度明显增加(P < 0.01),椎间盘突出症组腰骶移行椎数目明显降低(P < 0.01),说明相对位置较深的L5椎体及腰骶移形椎可能对L5/S1椎间盘具有保护作用,可降低L5/S1椎间盘突出症的发生率。椎间盘突出症组腰骶角和骶骨水平角明显减小(P < 0.01);但L5/S1骶骨垂直角和椎间盘相对高度在椎间盘突出症组与对照组之间差别无显著性意义(P > 0.05),可见,L5/S1椎间盘相对高度、腰骶角、骶骨水平角和骶骨垂直角与椎间盘突出的关系仍不明确,需进一步探讨。     

不同融合方式对腰椎生物力学的影响

背景：腰椎融合已广泛应用于腰椎疾患,但腰椎融合后对邻近节段的影响尚存争议,不同融合方式的节段稳定性及对邻近节段的影响尚不清楚。 目的：利用动物模型研究腰椎融合节段生物力学稳定性及相邻上节段的生物力学特点。 方法：将新西兰大白兔随机分为前路椎体间融合组(切除L5~6椎间盘,终板去皮质化,自体髂骨移植)、后外侧融合组(L5~6双侧横突去皮质化后自体髂骨移植)、环状融合组(先行前路椎体间融合,1周后作后外侧融合)、对照组(不作手术)。术后12周处取标本作影像学检查、手触测试、生物力学测试。对融合标本分别施加屈伸,左右侧弯,左右旋转6个方向的纯力矩,比较不同融合方式融合节段的稳定性及邻近节段运动范围。 结果与结论：与对照组比较,前路椎体间融合组、环状融合组、后外侧融合组L5~6节段屈曲活动度分别下降86.24%(P < 0.05),88.74%(P < 0.05),73.10%(P < 0.05),融合节段近上节段L4~5屈曲运动范围分别增加52.22%(P < 0.05),55.89%(P < 0.05),27.11%(P < 0.05)。说明3种融合方式均显著提高融合节段稳定性,环状融合提供的节段稳定性最高,后外侧融合提供的节段稳定性最低。3种融合方式均使融合节段邻近上节段运动范围显著增加。前路椎体间融合,360°融合使邻近上节段屈曲运动范围增加无统计学差异。后外侧融合使邻近上节段屈曲运动范围增加最少。     

解剖型融合器置入治疗腰椎不稳症：46例腰椎矢状面形态2年随访☆

2003-01/2004-06南京中医药大学附属无锡医院骨科采用解剖型融合器治疗下腰椎不稳症46例，男19例，女27例；年龄53~71岁，平均62岁。融合节段：L3/45例，L4/529例，L5/S110例，L3/4＋L4/51例，L4/5＋L5/S1 1例。行后路椎体间融合术，均植入2枚解剖型钛制实心融合器，全部加用椎弓根螺钉内固定并辅以后外侧植骨，椎间隙不予植骨。全部病例均得到随访，平均随访27个月。术后腰椎矢状面形态恢复满意，融合节段稳定性良好。Oswestry功能障碍指数均显示神经功能得到满意的恢复。     

腰椎间盘突出症有限元模型的建立与分析

目的建立人体腰椎运动节段(L3~5)有限元模型,于轴向正压力、前屈、侧弯、后伸及旋转等载荷下研究椎间盘的生物力学特征。方法根据健康成年人腰椎运动节段(L3~5)的CT影像学资料,采用Mimics10.0医学图像处理软件和Geomagic10.0逆向工程软件分别建立腰椎运动节段(L3~5)椎体和椎间盘的几何模型,Ansys软件附加腰椎相关韧带及通过改变椎间盘突出后对应的材料属性,构建正常模型和腰椎间盘突出(L34)模型,运用有限元方法模拟正常椎间盘和突出椎间盘于轴向正压力、前屈、侧弯、后伸和旋转等载荷下生物力学特征参数。结果腰椎运动节段(L3,4)发生椎间盘突出后即改变了椎间盘的应力分布及传递载荷能力,应力主要集中于纤维环之后外侧。结论腰椎运动节段(L34)椎间盘突出后椎间盘的承载功能明显下降。     

Q角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效☆

背景：手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位可通过平衡髌骨内外侧软组织，改善Q角，达到纠正髌骨脱位。 目的：探讨Q 角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效。 方法：治疗前常规测量18例习惯性髌骨脱位患者Q角，按Q角分为两组：<16°组，行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩；>16°组，行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移或膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移和股内外侧肌止点位移。 结果与结论：两组术后Q角明显低于术前，术后膝关节评分明显高于术前(P < 0.001)，两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。Q 角测量评估显示平衡膝关节软组织和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位具有疗效明确，并发症少，功能恢复好的优点。     

神经传导速度、H反射、肌电图联合检测对诊断腰骶神经根病变的意义

腰骶神经根病变:主要是由椎管内和脊椎病变所致,其中以腰椎间盘突出最为常见[1]。现将2005年10月～2007年10月我院门诊及住院30例腰骶神经根病变患者应用神经传导速度、H反射、肌电图检查联合诊断腰骶神经根病变的神经电生理结果报告如下:资料和方法1临床资料30例患者中男性20例,女性10例。年龄30～75岁,平均年龄53.5±13.8岁,病程7.5±1年。全部病例均有患侧下肢放射性疼痛、麻木、温痛觉减退,其中有3例患者患肢背屈受限,胫前肌有肌肉萎缩,有1例患者患肢足下垂,胫前肌肌肉萎缩明显。有6例患者患肢跖屈受限,腓肠肌肌肉萎缩。20例患者直腿抬高实验(+)。2例患者腰椎X线平片示腰椎不同程度骨质增生。15例患者CT显示2例腰椎退行性变,8例腰4、5及腰5骶1椎间盘突出,5例腰5骶1椎间盘突出。13例患者MRI显示4例病人腰椎不同程度椎间盘膨出,6例病人腰4、5及腰5骶1椎间盘突出,3例病人腰5骶1椎间盘突出。腰骶神经根包括腰1-5(L1～L5)神经根,骶1-5(S1～S5)神经根和1条尾神经根,在绝大多数病人腰椎间盘突出多累及L4/L5椎间隙和L5/S1椎间隙而累及L3/L4椎间隙者少见,对于其他较高或...     

极外侧腰椎间盘突出症11例临床分析

极外侧腰椎间盘突出症［1］在临床上并不罕见，我院自1994年至今共手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症276例，其中极外侧腰间盘突出症11例，现报告如下。1临床资料1．1一般资料本组11例，男8例，女3例；平均年龄38岁；病程2天～12年。椎间盘突出部位L3－L43例，L4－L57例，L5～L11例。突然发病者7例，逐渐发病且加重者4例；发病前有明显外伤史者3例，经暴力推拿、按摩加重者3例，无明显诱因者5例。临床表现腰痛明显者4例，轻微腰痛者7例，股前区及小腿前内侧持续性根性疼痛或麻木10例，小腿前外侧及足背疼痛、麻木3例。查腰活动受限5例，侧弯8例，股…     

经椎板间人路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的 探讨经椎板间人路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 采用经椎板间入路椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗54例腰椎间盘突出症患者(L4-5椎间盘突出13例、L5-S1椎间盘突出41例),分别于术前和术后1d、3个月、1年时采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术前后疼痛改善情况,复查腰椎MRI评价髓核摘除情况和有无复发.结果 54例患者手术成功率为96.30％(52/54),其中2例术中出现硬脊膜破裂,改为手术显微镜下椎板开窗、髓核摘除术.平均手术时间58.35 min,中位住院时间3d.出院时52例疼痛消失、2例疼痛减轻,其中5例患侧小腿外侧麻木感加重.与术前相比,术后1d、3个月和1年时VAS和ODI评分均减少(均P=0.000).术后复查腰椎MRI显示髓核摘除满意,神经根压迫解除,亦未见复发.无一例发生感染等手术相关并发症,1例L5-S1椎间盘突出患者因髓核脱出椎管内游离较远,术中对神经根牵拉较重,术后出现S1神经根分布区麻木,术后1个月缓解.结论 经椎板间入路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效满意、安全性良好.     

腰椎退行性变对腰丛神经根及通道影响的尸体解剖研究

目的探讨腰椎退行性变对腰丛神经根及通道的影响。方法选取18例中老年尸体为对象,分析腰椎退行性变对腰丛神经根及通道的影响。结果椎间盘、椎间关节及黄韧带的退变常会导致黄韧带的间距变短,导致L4~5脊神经节和椎间静脉下支神经受到椎间管的压迫,L5及S1神经根中的硬膜囊外部分受到盘带间的压迫,而盘带间变窄还会致椎管变窄,导致人体最外侧的腰丛神经根受到影响。结论如果腰椎出现退行性变,患者的腰丛神经根通道将会受到明显影响。     

腰椎间盘退变的分子病理学变化及发病机制***☆

背景：腰椎间盘退变是引起腰腿痛的常见原因,椎间盘退变的病理改变及发病机制至今仍未完全明确。 目的：介绍腰椎间盘退变的分子病理改变及其发病机制的研究进展。 方法：以“disc histology,disc degenerative disease,disc gene”等主题词检索PubMed数据库,检索时间为2005/2010年,筛选与腰椎间盘组织学变化和发病机制相关的文献,总结归纳腰椎间盘退变的研究进展和研究结果。 结果与结论：共检索到与腰椎间盘退变有关的文章118篇,共纳入30篇。结果表明腰椎间盘退变受多种因素影响,包括基因遗传因素、自然老化和积累性损伤等,基因的多形性是诱发退变的重要前置因素。椎间盘退变可通过免疫反应、机械性压迫或不稳定、血循环障碍和炎性递质等因素导致椎间盘退变性疾病。老化和病理性退变在影像和病理上难以区别,应根据椎间盘退变性疾病的具体情况采取合理的治疗方法,生物学治疗提供了新的治疗思路,但目前仍处在实验研究阶段。     

The lumbar roots and pedicles: a morphometric analysis and anatomical features

The objective of this study was to conduct a morphometric analysis of the lumbar nerve roots and surrounding structures. In this investigation, the lumbar roots were studied in 14 cadavers (70 lumbar vertebrae). Lumbar pedicle heights and widths were measured at every level of the lumbar vertebrae. The largest mean root diameter was 5.6 mm (L5 root) and the smallest 3.5 mm (L1 root). With regard to the root-dura exit angle, the widest was measured at L1 as 26.2+/-1.6 degrees and the narrowest at L5 as 16.3+/-2.4 degrees. The widest lumbar pedicle was measured at L5 as 17.1+/-4.2 mm and the narrowest at L1 as 8.4+/-1.8 mm. The longest lumbar pedicle was measured at L2 as 15.3+/-2.2 mm and the shortest at L4 as 13.8+/-2.3 mm. Quantitative measurements of lumbar root diameters, their exit angles from the dura, and lumbar pedicle heights and widths in anatomical dissection models may help us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathologies of this region and positively influence the success of surgical interventions.     

New methods for diagnosing lumbar foraminal stenosis using dynamic digital tomosynthesis radiculography

The symptoms of lumbar radiculopathy, in particular foraminal stenosis, often exacerbated when the patient is upright. However, it is difficult to detect the compression of nerve roots while the patient is upright using conventional MRI. In this study, we analyzed the compression of lumbar nerve roots using dynamic digital tomosynthesis radiculography (DTRG) in patients diagnosed with lumbar radiculopathy. And we determined the relationship between leg pain and nerve compression while the patients are either prone or upright. We evaluated 30 patients with unilateral leg pain diagnosed as lumbar radiculopathy by physical examination and MRI. The patients were divided in two groups, one with foraminal stenosis (17 patients) and the other with canal stenosis (13 patients), based on MRI findings. All patients underwent DTRG to determine the diameter of their nerve roots in the foramen while prone and upright. Pain while prone or upright was assessed using a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire. The VAS for leg pain while upright was significantly higher in the foraminal stenosis group (58 ± 24.7) than it was in the canal stenosis group (19.6 ± 13.2; p = 0.0002)). The nerve root diameter while prone or upright was significantly smaller in the foraminal stenosis group (1.2 ± 0.2 mm) than it was in the canal stenosis group (0.2 ± 0.1 mm; p < 0.0001). DTRG has the potential to visualize nerve compression while the patient is upright to reveal the relevance of foraminal stenosis to clinical findings. DTRG is useful for diagnosis of lumbar foraminal stenosis.     

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Stand-Alone Interbody Cage in Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Foraminal Stenosis : Comparative Study of Two Different Types of Cages

Objective

This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) using two different stand-alone cages in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral foraminal stenosis (IFS).

Methods

A total of 28 patients who underwent ALIF at L5-S1 using stand-alone cage were studied [Stabilis® (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA); 13, SynFix-LR® (Synthes Bettlach, Switzerland); 15]. Mean follow-up period was 27.3 ± 4.9 months. Visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed. Radiologically, the change of disc height, intervertebral foraminal (IVF) height and width at the operated segment were measured, and fusion status was defined.

Results

Final mean VAS (back and leg) and ODI scores were significantly decreased from preoperative values (5.6 ± 2.3 → 2.3 ± 2.2, 6.3 ± 3.2 → 1.6 ± 1.6, and 53.7 ± 18.6 → 28.3 ± 13.1, respectively), which were not different between the two devices groups. In Stabilis® group, postoperative immediately increased disc and IVF heights (10.09 ± 4.15 mm → 14.99 ± 1.73 mm, 13.00 ± 2.44 mm → 16.28 ± 2.23 mm, respectively) were gradually decreased, and finally returned to preoperative value (11.29 ± 1.67 mm, 13.59 ± 2.01 mm, respectively). In SynFix-LR® group, immediately increased disc and IVF heights (9.60 ± 2.82 mm → 15.61 ± 0.62 mm, 14.01 ± 2.53 mm → 21.27 ± 1.93 mm, respectively) were maintained until the last follow up (13.72 ± 1.21 mm, 17.87 ± 2.02 mm, respectively). The changes of IVF width of each group was minimal pre- and postoperatively. Solid arthrodesis was observed in 11 patients in Stabilis group (11/13, 84.6%) and 13 in SynFix-LR® group (13/15, 86.7%).

Conclusion

ALIF using stand-alone cage could assure good clinical results in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar IFS in the mid-term follow up. A degree of subsidence at the operated segment was different depending on the device type, which was higher in Stabilis® group.     

Adolescent lumbar disc disease: findings and outcome

Background Lumbar disc herniation is mainly a disease of elderly people as degenerative changes progress with age. Results and discussion Present retrospective analysis was performed on 742 patients of lumbar disc disease operated over 11 years. Of 742 cases aged 20 years or less, 25 has been evaluated to see the clinical features, radiological features, operative findings, and outcome of lumbar disc surgery. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation in pediatric and adolescent populations was 3.5% (aged 20 years or less). All patients presented with low back pain with or without radiculopathy (n = 25). Diagnosis was easily made on magnetic resonance imaging. Gross degenerative changes in disc and end plates were uncommon (16%) in this population. The trauma may not be a predisposing factor in most of them. In 88% (n = 22) of the cases, only 1 level was affected; the commonest was L4–5 (n = 13). Disc herniation was centrolateral in 72% (n = 18) and central in 28% (n = 7). Disc was mostly soft, hydrated, and rubbery in 92% (n = 23). Disc herniation were subligamentous in 80% (n = 20) and extruded in 4% (n = 1). Sixteen percent (n = 4) of the patients had disc bulge with intact annulus. Conclusions Operative intervention in the form of simple discectomy offers good result in 92% (n = 23) cases irrespective of approach and method. Longer follow-up is mandatory because the chances of recurrence or another level involvement cannot be denied.     

A comparison of successful versus failed nonoperative treatment approaches in patients with degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine

Identifying an optimal composition of nonoperative therapies to trial in patients suffering from degenerative lumbar spine conditions prior to surgical management remains challenging. Contrasting successful versus failed nonoperative treatment approaches may provide clinicians with valuable insight. The purpose of this study was to compare the nonoperative therapy regimens in degenerative lumbar spine disorder patients successfully managed conservatively versus patients who failed primary treatment and opted for lumbar fusion surgery. Clinical records from patients diagnosed with lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis from 2007 to 2017 were gathered from a comprehensive insurance database. Patients were separated into two cohorts: patients managed successfully with nonoperative therapies and patients who failed conservative therapy and underwent lumbar fusion surgery. Nonoperative therapy utilization by the two cohorts were collected across a 2-year surveillance window. A total of 531,980 adult patients with lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis comprised the base population. There were 523,031 patients (98.3%) successfully treated with conservative management alone, while 8,949 patients (1.7%) ultimately failed nonoperative management and opted for lumbar fusion. Conservative therapy failure rates were especially high in patients with a smoking history (2.1%) and those utilizing lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) (3.7%). A greater percentage of patients who failed conservative management utilized opioid medications (p < 0.0001), muscle relaxants (p < 0.0001), and LESIs (p < 0.0001). Patients who failed nonoperative management spent more than double than the successfully treated cohort (failed cohort: $1806.49 per patient; successful cohort: $768.50 per patient). In a multivariate logistic regression model, smoking, obesity and prolonged opioid use were independently associated with failure of nonoperative treatment.     

METRx系统辅助下显微外科手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨METRx系统辅助下腰椎间盘突出症显微外科手术的技术特点和临床疗效。方法于METRx系统辅助下显微外科手术治疗51例腰椎间盘突出症患者(L4-5椎间盘突出24例、L5-S1椎间盘突出27例),记录手术时间、术中出血量和住院时间,并于术前和术后1周、3个月、末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价手术前后疼痛改善情况,复查腰椎MRI评价椎管减压程度。结果 51例患者手术成功率为98.04%(50/51),平均手术时间为125 min、术中出血量为50 ml、住院时间5 d、术后随访24个月。与术前相比,术后1周(P=0.036,0.029)、3个月(P=0.018,0.023)和末次随访时(P=0.007,0.013)VAS和ODI评分均减少;至末次随访时,ODI改善率为35.37%。无手术相关感染、术后脑脊液漏和神经功能缺损加重、手术切口感染病例。术后1例出现附件炎,1例神经根刺激症状明显,均经对症治疗后痊愈。结论 METRx系统辅助下显微外科手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症,可以有效解除神经根压迫、保护硬脊膜囊和神经根、减少手术并发症的发生。     

Intraventricular blood after “traumatic” lumbar puncture: a report of two cases

Blood was detected in the lateral ventricles on head computed tomograms performed after traumatic lumbar punctures in two children. This finding has not previously been observed or reported. The likely mechanisms by which blood from the spinal thecal sac reached the ventricles are discussed. This potentially confusing observation, if not correctly accounted for, may lead to an unnecessary, fruitless search for the site of a supposed primary intraventricular haemorrhage.