大鼠脑内P物质在针刺镇痛中的作用及其与脑啡肽的关系

<正> P物质(SP)在痛觉感受方面已有不少研究。多数学者认为,在脊髓水平它是传递痛信息的神经递质;而在中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)或脑室注射SP则出现镇痛作用。因此,人们考虑到脑内SP是否参     

中脑导水管周围灰质内催产素在电针镇痛中的作用及机制的实验研究

我们以往的工作表明 ,侧脑室和脊髓蛛网膜下腔内注射催产素 (ＯＴ)能明显提高大鼠电针镇痛效应 ,注射抗催产素血清 (ＡＯＴＳ)则能显著降低电针镇痛效应。提示 ,中枢神经系统内的催产素在电针镇痛的复杂过程中发挥着一定作用。中脑导水管周围灰质 (ＰＡＧ)是电针镇痛的关键部位 ,其内含有丰富的ＯＴ、ＯＴ神经末梢及ＯＴ受体 ,但中枢ＯＴ在电针镇痛中的作用是否与之有关 ,作用机制怎样 ?是一个引人关注的问题。本工作以钾离子透入法 ,以甩尾法作为疼痛指标 ,测定大鼠痛阈 ,观察ＰＡＧ注射ＯＴ、ＡＯＴＳ、纳洛酮 (Ｎｘ)、抗 β 内啡肽血清 (…     

电针对炎症痛大鼠痛阈及中缝大核、中缝背核和导水管周围灰质c-fos表达的影响

越来越多的研究均表明 ,不同类型的伤害性刺激可诱发ｃ ｆｏｓ在大鼠、小鼠、猫和豚鼠的脊髓和不同脑区中表达。本实验观察了大鼠在角叉菜胶致炎后 ,在痛觉调制密切相关的中缝大核、中缝背核和导水管周围灰质ｃ ｆｏｓ表达的变化 ,及电针镇痛作用对ｃ ｆｏｓ表达的影响。实验分成正常对照组、角叉菜胶致炎组和电针 角叉菜胶致炎组。大鼠脚掌注射角叉菜胶 (2 % ,0 .1ｍＬ)造成大鼠炎症痛模型 ,测定大鼠的痛阈变化。电针组动物 ,在角叉菜胶致炎前电针大鼠“足三里”和“昆仑”穴(疏密波 ,2Ｈｚ和 6 0Ｈｚ交替 ,强度 1～ 3ｍＡ) 30ｍｉｎ。大…     

电针镇痛时炎症痛大鼠PAG部位I型白细胞介素-1受体mRNA表达的变化

目的 :本实验观察炎症痛和针刺镇痛时 ,大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)部位I型白细胞介素 1受体基因 (IL 1RImRNA)表达的变化。方法 :实验分正常组、炎症痛组、假电针组、电针组。正常对照组大鼠脚掌注射生理盐水 ,炎症痛各组大鼠脚掌注射 2 %角叉菜胶 ( 1 0 0 μL)造成炎症痛模型。在角叉菜胶注射 3hr后大鼠处于一种稳定的痛敏状态。电针组大鼠于造模前电针将致炎侧“足三里”和“昆仑”穴 3 0min ,假电针组大鼠给予同样处理但不通电。实验采用原位杂交技术 ,观察脚掌注射角叉菜胶 3hr后大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)部位IL 1RImRNA表达的变化及针刺对其的影响。结果 :致炎后 3hr大鼠痛阈显著降低 ,大鼠PAG部位的IL 1RImRNA表达显著增加 ,假电针组大鼠该部位的IL 1RImRNA表达与炎症痛组相比无显著变化 ,而电针组大鼠该部位的IL 1RImRNA阳性细胞数与假电针组相比显著减少。结论 :炎症痛可引起大鼠PAG部位的IL 1RImRNA表达增加 ,而电针镇痛则抑制炎症痛引起的大鼠PAG部位IL 1RImRNA表达     

电针镇痛时炎症痛大鼠PAG部位Ⅰ型白细胞介素-1受体mRNA表达的变化

目的：本实验观察炎症痛和针刺镇痛时，大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)部位Ⅰ型白细胞介素-1受体基因(IL-1RI mRNA)表达的变化。方法：实验分正常组、炎症痛组、假电针组、电针组。正常对照组大鼠脚掌注射生理盐水，炎症痛各组大鼠脚掌注射2％角叉菜胶(100μL)造成炎症痛模型。在角叉菜胶注射3hr后大鼠处于一种稳定的痛敏状态。电针组大鼠于造模前电针将致炎侧“足三里”和“昆仑”穴30min，假电针组大鼠给予同样处理但不通电。实验采用原位杂交技术，观察脚掌注射角叉菜胶3hr后大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)部位IL-1RI mRNA表达的变化及针刺对其的影响。结果：致炎后3hr大鼠痛阈显著降低，大鼠PAG部位的IL-1RI mRNA表达显著增加，假电针组大鼠该部位的IL-1RI mRNA表达与炎症痛组相比无显著变化，而电针组大鼠该部位的IL-1RI mRNA阳性细胞数与假电针组相比显著减少。结论：炎症痛可引起大鼠PAG部位的IL-1RI mRNA表达增加，而电针镇痛则抑制炎症痛引起的大鼠PAG部位IL-1RI mRNA表达。     

电刺激中脑导水管周围灰质对猫丘脑后核内脏大神经诱发放电的影响

<正> 国内外的工作表明中脑导水管周围灰质(Pariagueauctal grag,简称PAG)是与镇痛作用密切相关的神经结构,也是微量注射吗啡和电刺激可产生最有效镇痛作用的脑区。此部位阿片受体较为密集。朱丽霞等人认为PAG是针刺传入信号和伤害性刺     

传统"热补"针法对实验性关节炎兔痛阈及脊髓SP含量的影响

目的:观察传统“热补”针法对实验性关节炎兔的镇痛效应,探求其脊髓作用机制。方法:以卵蛋白诱导的关节炎为疼痛模型,连续治疗6 d后比较药物组、捻转组、电针组和热补组关节炎兔关节局部痛阈和脊髓腰膨大SP(P物质)的含量。结果:治疗后各治疗组痛阈和SP含量均升高,热补组痛阈升高与药物组、捻转组比较均无明显差异(P>0.05),但不及电针组升高明显(P<0.05);热补组SP含量升高比药物组、捻转组明显(P<0.01),亦不及电针组显著(P<0.05)。结论:“热补”针法的镇痛效应和捻转针法、药物(痹冲剂)相同,但不及电针的镇痛效应;升高脊髓SP含量可能是其镇痛的脊髓机制之一。     

针刺镇痛机制中内源性CRH对中枢5-HT含量的影响

目的:探讨内源性促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)参与针刺镇痛可能的中枢作用机制。方法:以佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠为炎症痛模型,以痛阈为指标观察AA大鼠鞘内注射抗CRH血清对电针镇痛的影响,用高效液相电化学法检测AA大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量,观察电针夹脊穴时鞘内注射抗CRH血清对下丘脑5-HT含量的影响。结果:电针夹脊穴时AA大鼠鞘内注射抗CRH血清可明显降低痛阈和下丘脑5-HT含量(P<0.05)。结论:内源性CRH参与电针镇痛的机制可能和中枢5-HT含量有密切关系。     

比较电针“合谷”对中缝大核神经元由首尾不同部位伤害性刺激所引起痛反应的抑制效应

<正> 近年来研究证明脑内存在有以脑室周围灰质和导水管周围灰质为中心的镇痛系统。它可以通过延髓的下行抑制通路,阻遏脊髓背角痛信息的输入而起到镇痛作用。我们以往的工作多次证明电针“足三里”确实可以激活延脑中缝大核(NRM)这     

电刺激中脑中央灰质对中缝大核神经元放电的影响及纳洛酮效应

<正> 延脑中缝大核(NRM)是中枢下行抑制系统的重要核团之一,电针能够激活NRM而镇痛,损毁NRM或其到达脊髓的主要下行通路背外侧索,可减弱或消除电针的镇痛作用。我们以往的工作观察到,局部导入吗啡拮抗剂纳洛酮可阻断电针对NRM神经元的激活作用,提示内源性吗啡样物质(MLS)参与调制。那么作用于NRM的MLS从哪里来?近年来研究表明,中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)和第三脑室周     

The role of substance P in electroacupuncture analgesia and its relation to enkephalins in the rat brain]

In order to understand the role of substance P (SP) in the brain and the relationship between SP and enkephalins in the electroacupuncture analgesia (EA), we have observed the influence of SP-antagonist, (D-Arg', D-Phe5, D-Trp7.9, Leu11) -SP (DADPDTL) injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) on EA and the change of the level of SP in the brain regions of the rat during EA. We have made a further observations on the influences of the naloxone (NX) on the che change of the content of SP induced by EA and DADPDTL on the increase in Leu-enkephalins (LEK) induced by EA. The Wistar rats were used in the experiment. The latency of the tail flick, immersing the tip of rat tail (4 cm) into hot-water of 50 degrees C, was taken as the pain threshold. The drugs were injected icv via plastic cannulae implanted in the bilateral ventricles. The EA was applied to the point of "Zusanli" (S36). The contents of SP and LEK were determined radioimmunoassay in the hypothalamus, mid-brain, striatum and pons-medulla-oblongata. The pain threshold was increased by 48 +/- 9% (P less than 0.01) after EA. But icv injection of DADPDTL decreased the pain threshold by 14 +/- 7% after EA. The result suggests that DADPDTL can antagonize the effect of EA and that SP in the brain is involved in EA. After EA the contents of SP in the hypothalamus and mid-brain of the rats were decreased by 29% and 28% in comparison with that of the control group respectively (both of them, P less than 0.05), but the contents of SP in the striatum and pons-medulla-oblongata had no significant change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

针刀松解法对第三腰椎横突综合征大鼠下丘脑与脊髓P物质、八肽胆囊收缩素含量的影响

目的:探讨针刀松解法治疗第三腰椎横突综合征的中枢镇痛机制。方法:选用SD雄性大鼠28只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、电针组和针刀组,每组7只。后3组首先采用一侧第三腰椎横突尖部埋置明胶海绵的方法建立第三腰椎横突综合征的动物模型,电针组和针刀组分别给予电针左侧"肾俞"腰阳关"和针刀松解干预治疗。造模28 d后取大鼠下丘脑和脊髓腰段,以酶联免疫方法检测大鼠下丘脑和脊髓腰段P物质(SP)、八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)的含量。结果:模型组大鼠下丘脑与脊髓组织中SP、CCK-8的含量与正常组比较均明显升高(P<0.01);经针刀松解治疗后,SP、CCK-8的含量均较模型组降低(P<0.01);电针组下丘脑和脊髓中SP含量明显降低(P<0.05),下丘脑CCK-8的含量亦明显降低(P<0.01);针刀组下丘脑和脊髓组织中SP、CCK-8的含量更接近正常组。结论:针刀松解法对第三腰椎横突综合征大鼠中枢SP、CCK-8合成释放具有良性调节作用,针刀松解治疗的方法略优于电针。     

脑内注射P物质对大鼠不同脑区5-羟色胺含量的影响及其与痛阈、电针镇痛的关系

<正> 据报道,P 物质(SP)的镇痛作用与其促使脑啡肽的释放有关。在离体大鼠脑片中,SP 可加强基础或钾离子诱发的~3[H]5-HT 释放。将 SP 注入小鼠腹腔产生镇痛作用时,伴有脑内5-HT 转换率的降低,提示 SP 的镇痛作用可能与中枢5-HT 有关。本文试图观察 SP 对脑内5-HT 含量的影响及其与痛阈和电针镇痛的关系。     

两种不同电针刺激强度和频率对大鼠脑内单胺类神经介质影响的比较

<正> 目前针刺临床和针刺原理研究中常常采用电针代替手法捻针,因此,电针刺激参数成为针刺临床和针刺原理研究中的一个基本重要研究问题。这方面的研究对阐明针刺原理和提高针刺治疗效果将是非常必要的。电针刺激参数包括波形、波幅、波宽、频率、节律和持续时间等。本文比较了两种不同电针刺激强度和频率对大鼠不同脑区内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)和多巴胺(DA)水平的影响。     

Effect of monoamine neurotransmitters, enkephalin and morphine on substance P contents of several brain regions and pain threshold in rats]

The present work was carried out to observe the effect of intra-cerebroventricular (icv) injection of monoamine neurotransmitters, enkephalin and morphine on immunoreactive substance P(Ir-SP) contents in hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus and pain threshold. The results were as follows: (1) After icv or intra-DR (dorsal raphe nucleus) injection of 5-HTP, the content of Ir-SP in hypothalamus significantly decreased and pain threshold markedly increased; After depletion of the 5-HT content in brain by pCPA or destruction of DR, the contents of Ir-SP were remarkably elevated in three brain regions by the former and in hypothalamus, striatum by the later. (2) The Ir-SP levels in the three brain regions and the pain threshold were not affected by the icv injection of NE, however, icv injection of DA caused a increase of Ir-SP concentration in striatum which was reversed by the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol, but without any change of the pain threshold. 7th day after icv injection of 6-OHDA, the content of Ir-SP in striatum significantly reduced. (3) Icv injection of met-enkephalin (MEK) or morphine could increase the Ir-SP levels in hypothalamus, striatum and the pain threshold, and above-mentioned effect of morphine could be prevented by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Icv injection of leu-enkephalin (LEK) had no effects both on Ir-SP contents in three brain regions and the pain threshold.     

针刀松解法对膝骨关节炎大鼠中枢P物质的影响

目的 观察针刀松解法对膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型大鼠脊髓及脊髓以上水平P物质(SP)的调节作用,探讨针刀松解法的中枢镇痛机制.方法 将60只健康SD大鼠按照随机数字表分为空白组、KOA模型组、电针组和针刀组.将4%木瓜蛋白酶溶液与0.3 mol/L半胱氨酸溶液按1∶1混合静置0.5 h后分别于造模第1、4、7 d注射于后三组大鼠左膝关节腔,20 μl/次.4周后相应给予针刀松解法治疗或电针治疗.治疗3周后取大鼠腰膨大处脊髓及脑组织,放免法测定脊髓、中脑、垂体、丘脑、下丘脑的SP含量.结果 与空白组比较,KOA模型组的SP含量在脊髓水平(29.094±6.854)pg/mg、脊髓以上水平丘脑(31.043±8.744)pg/mg、下丘脑(75.158±19.546)pg/mg均显著增加(P＜O.05,P＜0.01);电针组的SP含量在脊髓、中脑、丘脑和下丘脑均显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);针刀组的SP含量在脊髓(29.925±5.286)pg/mg、垂体(55.806±11.152)pg/mg、丘脑(26.500±5.511)pg/mg水平均显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),在中脑和下丘脑则未见增加.与KOA模型组相比,电针组脊髓SP含量(36.912±6.548)pg/mg显著升高(P＜0.05),电针组和针刀组下丘脑SP含量[分别为:(57.487±14.164)pg/mg、(45.362±6.048)pg/mg]显著降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).在下丘脑针刀组较电针组含量低(P＜0.05),在其他部位电针组和针刀组比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 针刀松解法对膝骨关节炎模型大鼠中枢的SP水平有良性调节作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the regulatory effect of acupotomy lysis on SP level in spinal cord and tissues above spinal cord of rats with knee osteoarthritis.Methods 60 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,electro-acupuncture(EA)group,and acupotomy lysis(AL)group.Mix 4%papain solution with 0.3 mol/L cysteine solution in the ratio of 1∶1.After pausing for 0.5h,inject the mixture,20 μl each time,into the left knee joint cavities of rats in model,AL,and EA groups on the day of 1,4,7.After 4 weeks AL group was treated with acupotomy lysis and EA group with electro-acupuncture.Three weeks after treatment,take samples of spinal cord,midbrain,pituitary gland,thalamus,and hypothalamus from the swellings of rats'waists.Measure the content of SP therein separately.Results Compared with normal control group,there was a significant rise in the content of SP in spinal cord and the tissues above spinal cord of model group rats (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and there was a significant rise in spinal cord,pituitary gland,thalamus and hypothalamus of EA group rats (P＜0.05,P＜0.01);in AL group,there was a significant rise in spinal cord,pituitary gland,thalamus,and there was no statistically difference in hypothalamus and midbrain.Compared with normal control group,there was a significant rise in spinal cord (P＜0.05)and a significant decrease in the SP contents in hypothalamus(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)in EA group.There was no statistically difference between EA group and AL group except in hypothalamus(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupotomy lysis has positive functions in regulating SP content in centrum of rats with knee osteoarthritis,which helps easing pain.     

家兔中脑导水管周围灰质和脊髓内的P物质在电针镇痛中有相反的作用

<正> 1931年Von Euler和Gaddum从马脑和小肠中提取出P物质(SP),半个世纪以来,对其生理药理作用进行了大量研究,证明P物质是一种重要的肽类神经递质,特别是在痛觉调制中起重要作用。在脊髓背角和三叉神经核中,P物质可能是初级神经元传递“疼痛信息”的物质,但在中枢神经系统(CNS)不同部位作用的特异性及其在针刺镇痛中的意义,尚未见系统报     

N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist inhibits NR-1 subunit phosphorylation of the spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induced by low frequency electroacupuncture

We investigated whether the 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia is associated with phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR-1 subunits and NMDAR antagonism in the lumbar spinal cord of rats. EA stimulation produced an increase of serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits in the spinal cord as compared with normal conditions. However, the intrathecal injection of NMDAR antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid significantly prevented serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits induced by EA stimulation in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. These results indicate that EA analgesia by stimulation of peripheral nerves may be involved in an increase of NR-1 serine phosphorylation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.