首发精神分裂症患者静息态脑局部一致性功能性磁共振研究

目的:应用功能性磁共振(f MRI)技术,探讨首发精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑局部一致性(Re Ho)功能变化的特征。方法:对首发未用药精神分裂患者(急性期组)及性别、年龄、受教育年限匹配的经抗精神病药治疗后症状缓解的首发精神分裂症患者(缓解组)各17例,分别进行f MRI扫描,利用Re Ho的方法分析数据,比较两组间Re Ho变化。结果:与急性期组相比,缓解期组表现出右侧颞上回、舌回/梭状回、左侧和右侧额下回、左侧和右侧中央后回、小脑等脑区局部一致性异常,均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:缓解期组较急性期组相比,多个脑区有相应的局部一致性异常,这种脑功能特征的变化,可能与抗精神病药改善症状有关,且可能反映精神分裂症生物内表型的变化。     

腰背痛患者静息态fMRI的脑功能局部一致性研究

目的 利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术探讨静息状态下腰背痛患者脑局部一致性(ReHo)变化的特点. 方法 选择自2011年8月至2012年1月南方医科大学珠江医院康复医学科招募的15例年龄、性别和文化程度相近的健康者作为受试者,向其右侧腰背部肌肉注射0.3 mL30g/L的高渗盐水制造腰背痛模型,采用3.0T MR仪分别在注射前、注射后进行静息状态fMRI扫描,所得数据进行配对t检验,比较疼痛及非疼痛状态下静息态脑功能的局部一致性差异. 结果 与正常状态相比,腰背痛受试者ReHo增高的脑区有:双侧前额叶内侧、左额下回、右额中回、右小脑扁桃体、右脑桥、右岛叶、右尾状核、右楔前叶、右海马旁回、后扣带回;ReHo减低的脑区有:右颞上回、左颞中回、左中央前回、左中央后回、左海马旁回、左梭状回、左前扣带回、左顶上小叶、右顶下小叶(P＜0.005,体素值≥10). 结论 静息状态下腰背痛患者部分脑区存在脑活动区域一致性异常.     

首发未用药青少年抑郁障碍患者静息态脑功能磁共振研究

目的探讨首次发病未用药青少年抑郁障碍患者静息态脑功能的异常变化。方法应用静息态功能磁共振局部一致性方法,对19例首发未用药青少年抑郁障碍患者和24名健康对照的静息态脑功能磁共振图像进行比较。结果青少年抑郁障碍患者在双侧眶额叶(t=-4.379,P0.001)、双侧内侧前额叶(t=-4.379,P0.001)、右侧额下回(t=-6.057,P0.001)的局部一致性值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论首发未用药的青少年抑郁障碍患者在双侧眶额叶、双侧内侧前额叶、右侧额下回静息态脑功能存在异常,这些脑区的功能异常可能与青少年抑郁障碍的病理生理机制有关。     

首发抑郁症患者静息态MRI脑局部一致性的改变

目的 利用静息态MRI 技术去探索首发抑郁症患者特异脑区的脑功能改变。方法 对符 合抑郁症诊断标准的20 例患者及20 名健康志愿者进行静息态MRI检查,使用静息态MRI局部一致性 （ReHo）分析方法,比较抑郁症组与对照组ReHo 值,发现特异性增高或减低的脑区。结果 抑郁症组 对比对照组,ReHo 增高的脑区有小脑后叶、颞下回、枕中回、舌回、中央后回、中央前回、额上回、顶 叶等;ReHo 降低的脑区有边缘叶、海马旁回、壳核、丘脑、豆状核、额下回、额中回、楔前叶、扣带回等。 结论 静息态MRI 的ReHo 分析方法可能发现抑郁症异常的脑区,为抑郁症发病机制的探索提供帮助。     

精神分裂症患者发病年龄与静息态脑功能局部一致性的关系

目的探讨精神分裂症患者发病年龄与静息态脑功能局部一致性(Re Ho)之间的关系。方法选取19名45~59岁符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)精神分裂症诊断标准的精神分裂症患者为被试。以发病年龄25岁为分界线,将患者分为25岁之前发病的早期发病患者组9名和25岁之后发病的晚期发病患者组10名,采集静息态功能磁共振数据,对比两组Re Ho值。结果相对于早期发病的精神分裂症患者,晚期发病组大脑右侧额上回处的Re Ho值显著降低(P0.01,簇大小486mm3)。同时,右侧额上回处的Re Ho均值与精神分裂症病程呈正相关,即个体病程越短,该脑区的Re Ho值越低。结论患者发病年龄越早、病程越长,对右侧额上回功能同步性越明显。     

抑郁症首次发病患者静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的 利用功能磁共振(fMRI)和局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)探讨抑郁症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者在静息态脑功能是否存在异常及异常部位.方法 对34例符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的首发抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和34名性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的健康志愿者(对照组)进行静息态fMRI扫描.结果 抑郁症组静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号的ReHo高于对照组的脑区有左侧额叶眶回、顶下小叶、颞上回,右侧额内侧回、顶下小叶、小脑后叶;低于对照组的脑区有左颞下回、右颞上同和胼胝体、双侧后扣带回(P＜0.005,K≥10).结论首发抑郁症患者在静息态存在多个腩区功能活动的异常,并可能和抑郁症的病理机制有关.     

慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能及静息态脑功能局部一致性研究

目的 探讨慢性稳定期精神分裂症患者静息态脑功能局部一致性（ReHo）的改变及其与认知功能损害之间的相关性。方法 选取20例慢性精神分裂症患者（患者组）和19名健康志愿者（对照组）,采用神经心理状态评定量表（RBANS）评估两组被试的认知功能,并行静息态功能磁共振（rs-fMRI）扫描获取ReHo值,采用t检验比较组间差异,并分析ReHo值与RBANS的相关性。结果患者组在视觉空间/结构、言语功能、注意及总分均显著低于对照组（P]<0.05或P<0.001）。与对照组相比,患者组在双侧中央后回、舌回及右侧颞下回ReHo值显著降低（P均<0.05）;患者组右侧颞下回ReHo值与PANSS总分及阳性症状分均呈正相关（P均<0.05）,与言语功能呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 在静息状态下,慢性精神分裂症患者双侧中央后回、舌回及右侧颞下回同步一致性活动减低,ReHo改变可能与慢性精神分裂症认知损害有相关性。     

以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者脑局部一致性的功能磁共振研究

目的：探讨男性偏执型精神分裂症患者在静息状态下是否存在脑功能活动异常及其区域。方法：采用病例一对照研究方法,对20例以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者（患者组）和20名性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的正常对照者（正常对照组）进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描,分析静息状态下各脑区的局部一致性（regionalhomogeneity,ReHo）的差异。结果：设P〈0．05、体素范围（k值）≥85,与正常对照组比较,患者组双侧额上回、双侧颞中回、左额中回、左中央前回、左小脑脚和右扣带回局部一致性（ReHo值）减低,右颞上回和左颞下回ReHo值增高,而左梭状回ReHo值既有增高也有减低。结论：以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者在静息状态下可能存在广泛分布的脑区功能异常。     

基于ReHo方法的精神分裂症幻听患者静息态fMRI的研究

目的 基于静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)图像数据,运用局部一致性(ReHo)方法研究精神分裂症幻听患者静息态脑区活动情况.方法 对18例精神分裂症幻听患者和18例与之相匹配的健康对照人群进行静息态fMRI研究,运用ReHo方法对静息态fMRI数据进行统计分析,并将其结果进行组内和组间分析.结果 组内分析结果显示,两组静息态下脑区BOLD信号的ReHo值升高大多位于大脑“默认网络区域”(额叶、颞叶、扣带回等);就激活脑区面积大小来说,病例组明显减少,即精神分裂症幻听患者静息态脑区活动整体而言是减弱的.组间分析结果显示,与健康对照组相比精神分裂症幻听患者静息状态右侧额叶BOLD信号ReHo值明显降低(P＜0.001,纠正后cluster水平).结论 精神分裂症幻听患者颞叶功能活动增强且存在额叶活动异常,提示颞叶功能活动增强和额叶功能活动减弱可能是精神分裂症患者产生幻听的神经影像基础.     

缺陷型精神分裂症患者静息态局部一致性与注意功能的相关分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨缺陷型精神分裂症（deficit schizophrenia,DS）患者静息态脑功能活动局部一致性（regional homogeneitv,ReHo）特征,及其与注意功能的相关分析。方法入组符合DSM．1V精神分裂症诊断标准的患者,按缺陷型精神分裂症诊断量表进一步分为DS患者与非缺陷型精神分裂症（non-deficit schizophrenia,NDS）患者,共人组男性Ds患者30例（DS组）、NDS患者38例（NDS组）,同时纳入年龄、性别及利手匹配的38名健康对照者（对照组）,使用简明精神病评定量表、阳性症状量表和阴性症状量表评估患者精神症状,Stroop测验评估所有受试者注意功能,利用3．0T磁共振扫描仪采集受试者静息态脑功能数据,计算ReHo指标并进行组间差异比较,采用偏相关分析分析DS组与NDS组差异性脑区ReHo值与注意功能的相关性。结果（1）DS组与NDS组Stroop颜色、单词、色词干扰测验评分均低于对照组（F=28．615、39．516、21．898,均P〈O．01）,DS组Stroop颜色[（26．5±12．9）分与（35．6±11．5）分]、单词[（43．5±19．4）分与（58．0±15．2）分]评分均显著低于NDS组（t=-2．949,P=O．012;t=-3．507,P=O．002）。（2）与NDS组相比,DS组ReHo值增高有统计学意义的脑区：右侧舌回、左侧舌回、左侧颞下回、右侧颞中回顾上回、右侧枕中回（t=4．70,3．96,4．22,3．50,4．44,均P〈O．01,AlphaSim校正）;ReHo值降低的脑区：左侧内侧额上回,前扣带回、右侧额下回三角部颅中回、左侧额下回三角部（t=-3．24,-4．48,-3．47,均P〈O．Ol,AlphaSim校正）。（3）Ds组左侧三角部额下回ReHo值与Stroop单词（r=0．451,P=0．016）、色词干扰（r=O．504,P=O．006）测验评分显著正相关,与Stroop颜色测验评分相关不显著（r=0．345,P=0．072）;其他差异性脑区ReHo值与Stroop测验评分均未见显著相关性。NDS组差异性脑区ReHo值与Stroop测验未见显著相关性。结论Ds患者较NDS患者存在更为显著的持续注意功能障碍,左侧额下回三角部可能是其关键受损脑区。     

Decreased regional homogeneity in schizophrenia: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

We used a newly reported regional homogeneity approach to measure the temporal homogeneity of blood oxygen level-dependent signal for exploring the brain activity of schizophrenia in a resting state. The results showed decreased regional homogeneity in schizophrenia, which distributed over the bilateral frontal, temporal, occipital, cerebellar posterior, right parietal and left limbic lobes, similar to the findings reported in previous resting state functional studies. The brain regions that showed decreased regional homogeneity are believed to be involved in the psychopathology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our results indicate that abnormal brain activity of schizophrenia may exist in a resting state and the regional homogeneity may be potentially helpful in understanding the resting state of schizophrenia.     

A magnetic resonance imaging study in first-episode disorganized-type patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Although a number of radiological studies have suggested that brains of patients suffering from schizoprenia have morphological abnormalities, the results are inconsistent. In the present study, in order to examine the brain, morphological features of homogeneous schizophrenics' brain magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) were taken, before neuroleptic treatment, from subjects suffering from disorganized-type schizophrenia, (DOS) during their first episodes. Results showed that DOS had significantly smaller indices for bilateral frontal gray matter (GM), left hippocampal formation (HF), left parahippocampal gray matter (PHGM) and left cingulate gyrus gray matter (CGM) than normal controls. These findings support the previous computed tomography (CT) and MRI studies on schizophrenic brains, although the subjects were not defined as disorganized-type, and may suggest the involvement of a neurocircuit between the bilateral frontal lobe and the left side of limbic system in the first-episode DOS group.     

首发精神分裂症胼胝体的磁共振弥散张量研究

目的 采用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)了解首发精神分裂症患者脑部胼胝体的改变及其与临床症状的关系.方法 将首发精神分裂症住院患者60例和正常对照组26例按规定序列作头颅弥散张量成像扫描,测定胼胝体(膝部、体部、压部)FA值,并在入院当天进行PANSS量表评定.结果 病例组胼胝体体部FA值(0.33±0.10)较对照组(0.40±0.11)小,两组比较有差异(F=4.22,P=0.046);病例组男性胼胝体膝部FA值(0.51±0.08)较对照组(0.63±0.10)小,两组比较有差异(F=6.79,P=0.02);病例组女性胼胝体体部FA值(0.33±0.11)较对照组(0.46±0.08)小,两组比较有差异(F=7.08,P=0.014);阳性因子分、阴性因子分与胼胝体体部FA值无相关,而阴性因子分与胼胝体压部FA值(r=-0.38,P=0.04)则显著负相关.结论 首发精神分裂症患者胼胝体FA值减小,提示白质神经纤维的连续性中断,可能是精神分裂症病理基础之一.     

Altered regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder: a restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Objective Little is known about the brain systems that contribute to vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Comparison of the resting-state patterns of intrinsic functional synchronization, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), between groups with and without PTSD following a traumatic event can help identify the neural mechanisms of the disorder and targets for intervention. Methods Fifty-four PTSD patients and 72 matched traumatized subjects who experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake were imaged with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI and analyzed using the measure of regional homogeneity (ReHo) during the resting state. Results PTSD patients presented enhanced ReHo in the left inferior parietal lobule and right superior frontal gyrus, and reduced ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus, relative to traumatized individuals without PTSD. Conclusion Our findings showed that abnormal brain activity exists under resting conditions in PTSD patients who had been exposed to a major earthquake. Alterations in the local functional connectivity of cortical regions are likely to contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD.     

静息态脑功能磁共振在精神障碍中的研究进展

脑功能磁共振是应用功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)测量脑神经元活动所致血流动力学的改变,以确定脑功能的反应区域.fMRI一般采用血氧水平依赖性(blood oxygen level dependent, BOLD)信号[1].由于其无创性的最大优势,近十年来fMRI在精神疾病的研究中发挥越来越大的作用.目前大多数的fMRI研究通过执行任务或给予外在刺激得到脑功能的变化,对照静息状态以BOLD信号改变的形式反映在大脑的相应区域,称为任务态[2].1995年,Biswal等[3]最先报道在无任何运动行为的情况下,大脑左侧躯体运动皮层的自发BOLD信号波动与右侧躯体运动皮层的自发信号波动相关.这个观察结果说明自发的BOLD信号活动并不是无意义的,由此引发了一系列非任务态,即静息态的脑功能磁共振的研究.     

首发精神分裂症患者的功能磁共振初步研究

目的 利用血氧水平依赖性(blood oxygenation level-dependent,BOLD)功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术探讨首发精神分裂症患者治疗前后认知功能激发图像的特点。方法 13例首发精神分裂症患者入组,用利培酮或氯丙嗪治疗后9例患者复查fMRI。以词语流畅性作业(verbal fluency task,VF)作为任务,采用Block设计,用梯度回波-平面回波成像(GRE-EPI)序列采集数据,经工作站处理后获功能图像。结果 (1)VF激活受试者的额叶(前额叶)、顶叶及颞叶皮层;(2)复查的9例受试者中,7例激活增强,2例激活减弱;(3)治疗后激活增强的7例受试者的双侧额上、中、下回激活有增加趋势,而双侧颞上、中、下回激活有减少趋势(P>0.05);但左额叶背外侧面治疗后的激活明显强于治疗前(P=0.032)。结论 BOLD-fMRI可用于研究人脑的高级认知功能。首发精神分裂症患者治疗前后脑功能图像有明显变化,提示认知缺陷症状是可以治疗的。     

Insular cortex abnormalities in schizophrenia: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study of first-episode patients

The insular cortex is a limbic integration region that is engaged in emotional and cognitive functions. To investigate possible insular cortex abnormalities in schizophrenia, we measured insular gray matter volume and cortical surface size in drug-naive first-episode patients. Magnetic resonance images were used to explore the morphology of the insular cortex of 25 healthy male volunteers, and 25 male schizophrenic patients. Groups were matched for age, sex, height, and parental socio-economic status. Clinical dimension scores were correlated with insular gray matter volume and cortical surface area.Patients had a significant reduction in cortical surface area [patients=2020 (206); controls=2142 (204); F=5.83, df=1, 47; P=0.01] and gray matter volume [patients=8.12 (0.77); controls=8.57 (0.94); F=3.93, df=1,47; P=0.05] in the left insular cortex. Insular gray matter volume and cortical surface size correlated negatively and significantly with the psychotic symptom dimension. Schizophrenic patients show morphological abnormalities in the insular cortex at early stages of the illness. These abnormalities are related to the severity of psychotic symptoms. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the role of the insula in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.     

LORETA functional imaging in antipsychotic-naive and olanzapine-, clozapine- and risperidone-treated patients with schizophrenia

The aim of our study was to detect changes in the distribution of electrical brain activity in schizophrenic patients who were antipsychotic naive and those who received treatment with clozapine, olanzapine or risperidone. We included 41 subjects with schizophrenia (antipsychotic naive = 11; clozapine = 8; olanzapine = 10; risperidone = 12) and 20 healthy controls. Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was computed from 19-channel electroencephalography for the frequency bands delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 and beta-3. We compared antipsychotic-naive subjects with healthy controls and medicated patients. (1) Comparing antipsychotic-naive subjects and controls we found a general increase in the slow delta and theta frequencies over the fronto-temporo-occipital cortex, particularly in the temporolimbic structures, an increase in alpha-1 and alpha-2 in the temporal cortex and an increase in beta-1 and beta-2 in the temporo-occipital and posterior limbic structures. (2) Comparing patients who received clozapine and those who were antipsychotic naive, we found an increase in delta and theta frequencies in the anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortex, and a decrease in alpha-1 and beta-2 in the occipital structures. (3) Comparing patients taking olanzapine with those who were antipsychotic naive, there was an increase in theta frequencies in the anterior cingulum, a decrease in alpha-1, beta-2 and beta-3 in the occipital cortex and posterior limbic structures, and a decrease in beta-3 in the frontotemporal cortex and anterior cingulum. (4) In patients taking risperidone, we found no significant changes from those who were antipsychotic naive. Our results in antipsychotic-naive patients are in agreement with existing functional findings. Changes in those taking clozapine and olanzapine versus those who were antipsychotic naive suggest a compensatory mechanism in the neurobiological substrate for schizophrenia. The lack of difference in risperidone patients versus antipsychotic-naive subjects may relate to risperidone's different pharmacodynamic mechanism.