依托泊甙联合rhG-CSF动员恶性淋巴瘤自体外周血干细胞的疗效评估

目的:观察依托泊甙(VP-16)联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对恶性淋巴瘤(ML)患者自体外周血干细胞(APBSC)的动员效果,并对其毒性反应进行评估.方珐:26例恶性淋巴瘤患者经过3～7周期常规化疗,经X线、B超、CT、骨髓穿刺、全身骨扫描及各项常规生化检查疗效达完全或部分缓解后动员,动员方案为VP-16 1500mg/m2静脉滴注,白细胞下降至最低点开始回升时给予rhG-CSF 5μg·kg-1·d-1皮下注射,1日1次,连用3～5 d后WBC上升至5.0×10 9/L以上时开始采集,采集APBSC次数分别为1～3次.检测采集细胞中的单个核细胞(MNC)及CD34 细胞数量,观察动员期间不良反应及APBSC回输后骨髓造血恢复情况.结果:26例患者动员后采集获得MNC的平均数量为5.20×10 8/kg,其中17例患者CD34 细胞数平均为5.15×10 6/kg.所有患者均移植成功,重建造血功能,WBC恢复至1.0×10 9/L的时间为 12d,中性粒细胞恢复至0.5×10 9/L的时间为 13d.动员期间有4例患者出现中性粒细胞减少性发热,其余不良反应均可耐受.结论:VP-16联合rhG-CSF是动员恶性淋巴瘤患者自体外周血干细胞的有效方法.     

大剂量免疫球蛋白联合地塞米松治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床观察

目的:评价大剂量单剂免疫球蛋白联合地塞米松、常规剂量免疫球蛋白及地塞米松两种方法治疗儿童急性型重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的疗效。方法:将血小板20×109/L,伴明显皮肤黏膜出血的36例重症ITP随机分成两组(A组、B组),每组18例。大剂量冲击治疗组(A组)静脉滴注免疫球蛋白1g.kg-1.d-1,应用1d;静脉滴注地塞米松1mg·kg-1.d-1,连用3d,第4天减量0.5mg·kg-1.d-1,连用2d。常规剂量治疗组(B组)静脉滴注免疫球蛋白0.4g.kg-1.d-1,连用5d;静脉滴注地塞米松0.4 mg·kg-1.d-1,连用5d。两组均于第6天改为口服强的松1mg·kg-1.d-1。结果:A、B两组治疗后血小板上升至安全线30×109/L以上分别是(1.2±0.3)、(2.3±0.4)d;血小板上升至50×109/L以上分别是(2.1±0.4)、(3.2±0.5)d;血小板上升至100×109/L以上分别是(4.2±0.6)、(6.5±1.1)d;组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:大剂量单剂免疫球蛋白联合地塞米松冲击治疗重症ITP血小板上升更快,效果更好,费用较低,宜推广。     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗白血病研究

目的:探讨异基因外周血干细胞(allo-PBSC)动员及移植治疗白血病的疗效。方法:2例患者诊断分别为急非淋白血病M_(2a)及慢性粒细胞白血病,预处理方案主要为大剂量环磷酰胺加全身照射。主要用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)8mg左右·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)连续5天对异基因外周干细胞移植(allo-PBSCT)的供者进行动员,第5天及第6天(即相当于移植的-1天及0天)用COBESpectra血液细胞分离机采集单个核细胞(MNC),两次采集的MNC悬液均于0天由静脉输给患者。例1输入的MNC及幼粒细胞数分别为6.07×10~8/kg及1.38×10~8/kg,例2为8.98×10~8/kg及1.76×10~8/kg。移植后给予预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)等措施。结果:2例均迅速恢复造血功能,例1于 110天血型完全转为供者型,例2骨髓染色体核型完全转变为供者型(46XX),Ph~1染色体由阳性转为阴性。现已分别随访106及133天,骨髓仍持续缓解。结论:allo-PBSCT有造血功能恢复快,不需采集骨髓等优点。同时我们还对移植的剂量标准提出了新的看法并进行了讨论。     

非骨髓清除性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(NST)治疗恶性血液病的初步临床研究

目的　探讨NST治疗恶性血液病的效果及毒性。方法　急性粒细胞白血病未分化型 (AML -M1)、慢性髓细胞白血病 (CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS -RA)患者各 1例 ,供体为其HLA配型完全相合的同胞。供体动员方案 :G -CSF 30 0 μg/ 12h× 5d后分离采集外周血干细胞。所获CD34 + 细胞数分别为 6 .36× 10 6/kg、9.72×10 6/kg、6 .6 2× 10 6/kg ;单个核细胞数 (MNC)分别为 14.0× 10 8/kg、10 .47× 10 8/kg、8.5 8× 10 8/kg ;T细胞总数分别为 8.80× 10 8/kg、7.12× 10 8/kg、5 .6 7× 10 8/kg ;CFU -GM数分别为 16 2个 / 2× 10 5MNC、184个 / 2× 10 5MNC、182个 / 2× 10 5MNC。预处理方案 :Fludarabine:30mg/m2 ·d-1× 6d ,Bu :4mg/kg·d-1× 2d ,ALG :12mg/kg·d-1× 4d ,Ara-C :10 0mg/m2 ·d-1× 3d。单用环胞菌素 (CSA)预防移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)。移植后未用造血生长因子。结果　患者均能顺利完成预处理方案 ,没有严重并发症出现。移植后 10～ 13d造血重建。未发生急性GVHD。随访10 0～ 16 0d ,血常规、骨髓象均正常 ,1例发生肝脏型慢性GVHD。结论　NST能有效治疗恶性血液病 ,方案相关毒性小 ,适用范围广 ,移植相关并发症少 ,造血重建迅速。     

骨髓增生异常综合征临床研究

目的 探讨CAG方案治疗骨髓增生异常综合征-难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多(MDS-RAEB)的近期疗效.方法 24例患者均接受CAG化疗方案,具体如下:阿克拉霉素(ACR)10～14mg·m-2·d-1,于第1～4天,第9～11天或6mg·m-2.d-1,第1～8天或第1～14天静滴;阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)10mg.m-2,于第1～14天皮下注射,每12h1次;粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)200μg·m-2·d1,于第-1～14天皮下注射.当白细胞计数高于10×109/L时暂停G-CSF.完成1个疗程后评估疗效.治疗失败患者则退出观察,有效者继续接受1个疗程治疗.结果 所有患者均顺利完成CAG化疗方案,临床有效18例(占75%),其中完全缓解(CR)9例(占37.5%),部分缓解(PR)10例(占41.7%),5例进展为白血病.毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制,白细胞减少.结论 CAG方案治疗MDS-RAEB行之有效,且毒副反应较轻.     

化疗和重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子联合动员外周血干细胞

目的研究化疗联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)动员自体外周血干细胞的效果。方法对10例急性白血病和恶性实体瘤患者采用动员方案为化疗 重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子。10例患者中,急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)1例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)2例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)4例,霍奇金淋巴瘤(HD)1例,乳腺癌1例,恶性黑色素瘤1例。主要动员方案为CTV方案:环磷酰胺(CTX)1200～1500mg/m2,鬼臼噻吩甙(Vm-26)400mg/m2,分3天用,长春花碱酰胺(VDS)3mg/m2。于联合化疗后WBC降至最低并开始回升时予rhG-CSF5μg/kg,1次/天,皮下注射,当WBC≥5.0×109/L时开始用血细胞分离机采集。结果1例采集1次,9例采集2次,获得MNC为(5.62±2.25)×108/kg,CD34 细胞为(13.26±6.45)×106/kg,CFU-GM为(2.33±1.02)×105/kg。达到目标采集量单个核细胞≥4×108/kg10例中8例(80%),CD34 细胞≥2×106/kg10例中10例(100%),CFU-GM≥2×105/kg10例中7例(70%)。1次采集后8例(80%),2次采集后10例(100%),患者达到了CD34 细胞数目标采集量。结论化疗CTV方案联合rhG-CSF动员可采集到足够数量的外周血干细胞。     

普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤的初步观察

目的:观察普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤的疗效和安全性.方法:将血管瘤患儿分为观察组(27例)和对照组(19例).观察组予普萘洛尔,第1d 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1,第2d1 mg·kg-1·d-1,第3 d2 mg·kg-1·d-1,分3次口服,无异常情况继续用药2mg·kg-1·d-12周.对照组予泼尼松3mg·kg-·d-1,隔天早晨一次顿服,共服8周,第9周减量1/2,第10周每次服药10mg,第11周每次服药5mg,第12周停服完成1个疗程.结果:观察组有效率92.6％,对照组57.9％(P＜0.05).结论:普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤效果比泼尼松显著,治疗过程不良反应少,安全性较高,可作为婴幼儿面部血管瘤的一线用药.     

以FCA预处理的造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的临床研究

目的 探讨以氟达拉滨(Flu)、低剂量环磷酰胺(CTX)和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)为预处理的FCA方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效及安全性.方法 用FCA预处理方案预处理移植治疗SAA-Ⅰ型和SAA -Ⅱ型患者各2例,其中同胞供者人类白细胞抗原(HLA)低分辨配型(6/6位点)全相合的骨髓联合外周血造血干细胞移植3例、非血缘关系高分辨HLA配型(10/10位点)全相合的外周血造血干细胞移植1例.同胞供者的预处理方案:Flu 30 mg·m-2d-1×5 d,CTX 50～60 mg· kg-1d-1×5 d,ATG 3 mg·kg-1d-1×3 d.非血缘关系的预处理方案:CTX 20 mg· kg-1d-1×2 d,ATG 5 mg· kg-1d-1 ×3 d,Flu 30 mg· m-2d-1 ×4 d.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防:均采用低剂量环孢素A(CsA)联合低剂量短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX),非血缘关系移植加用霉酚酸酯(MMF)0.5 g bid,+1 d～+28 d.观察移植并发症、输血量、造血重建、嵌合体和生存状态.结果 4例患者均获得造血干细胞的成功植入,移植后中性粒细胞绝对值(ANC)＞0.5×109/L的时间为+10 d～+15 d,血小板(PLT) ＞20× 109/L的时间为+10 d ～ +20 d,移植后输注红细胞3～6 U,血小板4～10 U,随访7～42个月,完全供者嵌合体,血液学完全缓解;患者1出现广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD),死于多脏器功能衰竭,其余3例无病生存,其中非血缘关系移植的患者4发生轻度局限型cGVHD和巨细胞病毒血症,经过治疗很快控制.结论 Flu、低剂量CTX和ATG的FCA预处理方案的异基因造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的疗效肯定,患者耐受性好,值得推广.     

丹参酮联合rhG-CSF动员高龄健康供者外周血造血干细胞的效果分析

目的研究丹参酮联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)方案对高龄健康供者外周血造血干细胞的动员效果。方法回顾性分析2008年11月至2010年12月采用丹参酮联合rhG-CSF和单用rhG-CSF动员方案,动员高龄健康供者外周血造血干细胞的效果。其中丹参酮联合rhG-CSF组34例,单用rhG-CSF组31例;年龄45～60岁,平均49.6岁。中位体质量61.2kg(49.5～79.0kg)。给予丹参酮注射液(40mL/d)联合rhG-CSF 10μg.kg-1.d-1,或单用rhG-CSF 10μg.kg-1.d-1行外周血干细胞动员。动员第5天采集外周血单个核细胞(MNC),检测MNC和CD34+细胞数。采集外周血干细胞于当日输注给患者(预处理结束后24h)。结果丹参酮联合rhG-CSF组中30例供者1次采集充足,4例采集2次,平均采集MNC数6.7(5.9～14.3)×108/kg,CD34+细胞3.9(2.7～8.3)×106/kg;单用rhG-CSF组中22例1次采集充足,9例采集2次及以上,平均采集MNC数5.3(4.6～11.9)×108/kg,CD34+细胞数3.1(2.1～6.7)×106/kg,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造血干细胞移植预处理后所有患者均达到明显骨髓抑制,丹参酮联合rhG-CSF组供者中性粒细胞恢复到0.5×109/L时间为12.4(10～17)d,血小板(PLT)恢复到20×109/L时间为14.2(13～18)d;单用rhG-CSF组供者中性粒细胞恢复到0.5×109/L时间为12.8(10～18)d,PLT恢复到20×109/L时间为14.8(13～19)d,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.01)。结论丹参酮联合rhG-CSF动员方案可显著提高异基因造血干细胞移植高龄健康供者外周血干细胞动员效果,保证移植后造血功能的重建。对于高龄供者是一种安全有效的动员造血干细胞的方法,临床效果满意,值得推广。     

小剂量异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心衰伴甲状腺功能紊乱动物模型

目的 探索采用小剂量异丙肾上腺素(ISO)制备心衰伴低T3综合征的大鼠模型.方法 根据ISO给药剂量及给药方式将大鼠随机分为6组,另设对照组注射2 ml生理盐水.于给药前和给药后10d各行心脏超声心动图检查,检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶(FT3、FT4、CK、LDH)浓度.给药后11d处死动物取心脏做氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色.结果 (1)各组动物存活率,3 mg·kg-1·d-1组全部存活,5mg·kg-1·d-1×3d组、10mg·kg-1 ·d-1 × 3d组、6 mg·kg-1·d-1×7d组存活率分别为50％、60％、80％;(2)与对照组相比,各组左室短轴缩短率(FS)均明显降低(P＜0.01),且6组较其他组下降明显(P＜0.05);(3)CK、LDH较给药前显著升高(P＜0.05),6 mg·kg-1·d-1×7 d组血清FT3浓度明显低10 mg·kg-1·d-1×3d组(P＜0.05);(4)与对照组相比,实验组心梗面积明显(P＜0.05),6 mg·kg-1·d-1×7d组心肌梗死重量百分比明显高于10 mg·kg-1·d-1 ×3d组(P=0.02).结论 (6mg·kg-1·d-1)ISO分2次腹腔注射,给药间隔1h,连续给药7d,可成功制备心衰伴甲状腺功能紊乱动物模型,该方法操作简便,重复性、可控性、稳定性好,死亡率低、成功率高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.