临床护理实习学生职业安全危害因素分析

医院内的病原微生物种类繁多,护理工作专业性强,目前临床护理实习学生职业防护意识淡薄,缺乏职业防护知识,职业安全对其自身安全尤为重要。本文对临床护理实习学生职业安全的危害因素进行分析,避免护生发生职业感染的危险。     

职业卫生与职业医学教学效果调查分析

<职业卫生与职业医学>作为预防医学的一个分支学科,是预防医学学生所必修的主干课程.其教学应为他们今后从事职业卫生监督或职业卫生技术服务工作以及相关的科学研究打下坚实的基础[1].     

药学专业学生实习前职业成熟度特点的调查

本研究旨在了解本院药学专业学生实习前职业成熟度现状,比较不同学制学生实习前的职业成熟度。调查结果发现,本院药学专业学生的总体成熟度较高;三年制学生的职业成熟度高于五年制学生,尤其是个人调适能力三年制学生显著高于五年制学生。但学生中还存在自我认知、职业认知能力不足,职业选择缺乏主动性等问题。     

浅谈妇产科护理教学中的职业拓展

借助妇产科专业教学途径提高学生对职业的认知水平,拓展学生的职业视野,更新学生的职业观念和就业观念,增强就业能力。     

以职业同一性教育为内容的课程思政建设对临床医学专业学生成长的作用研究

目的：本科阶段是完善职业同一性的关键阶段，培养学生确立职业同一性，有助于使他们对未来的职业与工作更重视，并促使学生在职业探寻中主动采取积极有效的行动。方法：以2018级临床医学专业学生为实验对象，把职业同一性教育贯穿于课程思政教学中，有针对性地分散至每学年。结果：学生的职业兴趣、能力评价、职业决策、职业目标稳定性等指标有明显提高，学生和教师的满意度明显增强，取得了较好的效果。结论：以职业同一性教育为主要内容的课程思政建设促进了学生的职业认同感，提升了学生的岗位胜任力。     

职业分类大典对我国医药代表的职业影响

摘 要 目的： 分析职业分类大典对我国医药代表的职业发展产生的深远影响。方法: 通过讨论职业分类大典与职业发展的关系,分析纳入职业分类大典对医药代表的影响。结果与结论: 职业分类大典对影响医药代表发展最基础和最核心的行为规范、专业能力、职业道德方面提出了更高的要求,同时作为对职业进行清晰界定和描述的标准和范本,职业分类大典也引导着医药代表向健康可持续的方向发展。     

某医院医务工作者职业紧张对职业伤害的影响研究

目的调查山西省某三甲医院医务人员职业紧张、职业伤害情况,分析职业紧张对职业伤害的影响作用。方法采用随机调查的方法,对2018年山西省某三甲医院271名医务人员进行问卷调查,通过职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和职业伤害量表调查医务人员的职业紧张水平、程度及职业伤害发生情况,分析其影响因素。结果科室、学历是职业紧张的影响因素;职业伤害中亚健康状态的发生率为87.1%,工作相关性损伤的发生率为13.6%,工作相关性疾病的患病率为6.3%。有职业伤害的医务人员职业紧张水平均高于无职业伤害人员。随着职业紧张水平的增高,发生3种职业伤害的风险增加。结论职业紧张是发生职业伤害的影响因素。医务人员作为职业紧张和职业伤害的高风险人群,应及时调整好自身的工作状态,注意自身健康安全,才能创造优质医疗服务。     

男护士职业认同与职业获益的相关性研究

目的调查男护士职业认同和影响职业获益的相关因素,从而更加有效地管理男护士,并通过增进其职业认同和职业获益来激发工作热情、提高工作效率。方法 采用便利抽样法抽取2017年1—6月上海市和广州市132名从事临床护理工作1年以上的男护士进行问卷调查,调查内容包括男护士的年龄、科室、学历、编制等一般资料;职业认同评价量表评分;职业获益量表评分。结果 132名男护士的职业认同总分为(111.41±18.87)分,职业获益的总分为(100.73±19.11)分,两者均处于中等偏上水平。学历、年龄和科室对男护士的职业认同和职业获益感的影响不明显(均P>0.05);在不同编制的男护士中,是否有编制对其职业认同和职业获益感的影响因素比较明显,有编制的职业认同和职业获益优于无编制者,两者相比差异有统计学意义(t=5.229,P=0.031;t=6.852,P=0.010);男护士的职业认知评价、社会支持、职业社交技巧、职业挫折应对和职业自我反思的评分与职业认同相关因素呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 男护士的职业认同感和职业获益与临床护理人员对工作的投入和对护理的情感关系密切,若处理不好相关的影响因素,则会造成护士的离职倾向与职业倦怠。     

论医学生职业意识与职业行为习惯的培养

医学生在未来的就业工作中面临着激烈的职业挑战,须在校期间进行职业素养教育,职业素养教育包括职业意识和职业行为习惯,本文从职业意识与职业行为习惯两个方面分析,加强医学生的培养,培养出让人民满意的医务工作者.     

口腔预防医学课程教学中职业核心能力培养的探索

目的探索在教学中对口腔预防医学专业的学生开展职业核心能力培养的必要性。方法主要采用角色选择式教学,培养学生交流合作能力;设定讨论项目,培养学生主动学习的能力;从小事入手,培养学生自我提高的能力,结果使学生的职业素养得到提升,学生的职业自信得到增强。结论在高职高专院校开展职业核心能力培养是非常必要的,职业核心能力是高等职业教育人才质量的根本。     

口腔门诊消毒室工作人员的职业暴露与防护措施

目的减少职业危害因素对工作人员的身体损害。方法分析口腔门诊消毒室工作人员在职业过程中存在的危险因素,制定出相应的防护措施。结果通过加强职业安全防护培训和认真落实防范措施,可减少职业伤害。结论分析口腔消毒室职业危害的因素,提出职业防护对策,减少职业伤害。     

一起医务人员HIV职业暴露事件应急对策

目的探讨医务人员发生HIV职业暴露的危险因素及应急对策。方法对医院2011年1月发生的一起严重的医务人员HIV职业暴露事件进行应急处理以及临床干预。结果同一暴露源共发生HIV职业暴露4人,均为护理人员,经半年随访,未发生HIV医院感染。结论低年资护理人员是发生职业暴露的高危人群,主要原因是安全防护意识差、操作不规范及应变能力欠缺所致;应加强医务人员卫生职业安全教育、加强自身防护、落实标准预防等措施减少职业暴露事件的发生,保护医务人员职业安全。     

艾滋病患者职业暴露与防护的护理管理

目的：对艾滋病患者职业暴露和防护管理进行探讨。方法：选择2005年11月～2009年12月收治的艾滋病患者15例,提出了即时的防范对策,不断加强医务人员的全面防护的相关教育及培训,预防传染的发生,以减少医务人员HIV职业暴露的发生。结果：15例患者中13例病灶好转后转院,1例死亡,1例因放弃治疗而终止,在护理过程中医务人员没有发生任何传染,防护率达到100%,取得了很好的效果。结论：HIV的职业暴露影响重大,应提高认识,加强管理,才能预防传染的发生。     

Occupational exposure limits: a comparative study

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect workers' health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. The OELs mirror the outcome of the risk assessment and risk management performed by the standard setting actor. In this study we compared the OELs established by 18 different organisations or national regulatory agencies. The OELs were compared with respect to: (1) what chemicals have been selected and (2) the average level of exposure limits for all chemicals. Our database contains OELs for a total of 1341 substances; of these 25 substances have OELs from all 18 organisations while more than one-third of the substances are only regulated by one organisation. The average level of the exposure limits has declined during the past 10 years for 6 of the 8 organisations in our study for which historical data were available; it has increased for Poland and remained nearly unchanged for Sweden. The average level of OELs differs substantially between organisations; the US OSHA exposure limits are (on average) nearly 40 % higher than those of Poland. The scientific or policy-related motivations for these differences remain to be analysed.     

高职高专作业疗法教学改革初探

康复治疗技术专业是我校的重点专业，（技能＋特长）X态度是我校人才培养模式的特色，本文主要介绍了作业疗法学在人才培养中取得的一些经验以及目前存在的不足。     

Occupational skin diseases in automotive industry workers

Context: Studies on occupational skin diseases in workers of the automotive industry are few.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of occupational skin diseases in workers of the automotive industry.

Materials and methods: Between September and December 2011, a total of 405 workers from the automotive repair industry in Diyarbak?r were interviewed. They were active workers in the repair industry who had been employed for at least six months. Business owners, sellers of spare parts and accounting officers were not included. The employees were examined at their workplaces and the working conditions were observed. Detailed dermatological examination was performed.

Results: The mean age of the 405 workers who participated in the study was 27.7?±?10.3. The mean working time of employees was 13.3?±?10.4 years. All of the employees were male. Dermatological diseases were not detected in 144 out of 405 workers (35.6%) and at least one condition was diagnosed in 261 (64.4%). The most frequent diagnosis was callus, hyperkeratosis, clavus (27.7%), followed by nail changes (16.8%) and superficial mycoses (12.1%). Contact dermatitis was seen at a rate of 5.9%.

Discussion: Traumatic lesions such as hyperkeratotic lesions and nail changes were found most frequently. Traumatic lesions were common among individuals who did not use gloves. Most nail changes were localized leuconychia, a finding not reported in the studies on automotive industry workers. In accordance with the literature, irritant contact dermatitis was observed in patients with a history of atopy and who had been working for a long time.

Conclusion: Occupational skin diseases comprise an important field in dermatology, deserving much attention. Further studies on occupational dermatology are necessary.     

辖区内职业健康情况分析及职业健康监护模式的探讨

目的对辖区内职业危害接触员工职业健康情况进行分析及职业健康模式进行探讨。方法选取2010年1月至2012年11月我辖区内不同职业危害接触员工24731例,其中,16678例为男性,8053例为女性,年龄为22~60岁,平均年龄为(43.3±6.9)岁。对上述员工的职业健康情况进行了相关分析,并对其职业卫生健康模式进行了探讨。结果辖区内以接触化学毒物人数最多,其中男性职工中,患职业病及疑似职业病者为637例,占比3.8%,女性患病者为123例,占比1.5%。患病情况和性别没有显著关系(P>0.05)。辖区内2010年至2012年职业病(包括疑似职业病)分类其中职业性中毒、尘肺病最为常见,其次是职业性噪声聋,职业性放射病比较少见。结论构建完善职业健康监护模式能有效提升职工的健康水平,应受到高度的重视。     

职业病门诊患者职业卫生健康教育效果探讨

目的 通过对我院职业病门诊就诊病人进行职业健康教育,使患者掌握更多的职业卫生知识,提高自我保护能力,预防职业病的发生.方法 以随机性地对就诊前、就诊期间、检查与治疗期间以及就诊后等不同时间的患者进行针对性职业卫生健康教育,并以提供问题解答、职业卫生健康教育宣传手册等方法.结果 通过各种形式的职业卫生健康教育,使患者对职...     

Occupational asthma cases notified to OSH from 1996 to 1999

AIMS: To update notifications to the Occupational Safety and Health Service of the Department of Labour (OSH) Notifiable Occupational Disease System (NODS) from June 1996 to the beginning of 1999. METHODS: All notifications received for non-asbestos related occupational respiratory disease were reviewed to confirm the clinical diagnosis, occupational causation, and to identify the causative agent where possible. RESULTS: 54 cases of asthma were notified, of which 21 (39%) were accepted as being occupationally caused. These cases arose from 'predictable' industries. CONCLUSIONS: NODS offers sentinel data from interested practitioners and workplaces. Occupational asthma and other occupational respiratory diseases remain poorly notified to this system. NODS confirms the presence of occupational asthma in New Zealand from predictable and preventable causes not dissimilar to other countries. This data collection system needs supplementation by other mechanisms.     

Federal Environmental and Occupational Toxicology Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A Practical Approach to What the Medical Toxicologist Needs to Know,Part 1

Toxicologists are often called upon to assist in environmental, industrial, occupational and public health assessments. Accordingly, medical toxicologists may find it prudent to be aware of applicable federal toxicological regulations and reporting requirements and of the roles of relevant federal agencies. These regulations are numerous, complex, and have evolved and expanded over time, making it difficult for toxicologists to sustain a current knowledge base. This article reviews the pertinent federal toxicological reporting requirements with regard to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Department of Transportation, and information about the National Response Center. We reference internet-based government resources and offer direct links to applicable websites in an attempt to offer rapid and current sources of practical information. The format of the article is a series of hypothetical scenarios followed by commentary. Discussions of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act are beyond the scope of this paper. For those desiring a more in-depth discussion of the relevant federal environmental laws and statutes and applicable case law, the reader is directed to resources such as the Environmental Law Handbook, the websites of individual laws found at www.epa.gov and the decisions of individual courts of appeal. It is our hope that this article provides not only useful practical information for the practicing toxicologist but also serves as a key reference for medical toxicology core content on environmental laws and regulations.