胰高糖素样肽1长期作用对RIN-m细胞胰岛素分泌功能的影响

胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1）在高糖培养时可以延缓RIN—m细胞随体外培养时间延长而出现的胰岛素和胰十二指肠同源盒基因转录因子1（PDX-1）mRNA水平的下降，且其作用具有葡萄糖依赖性。由此推测GLP-1可能通过PDX-1延缓RIN—m细胞胰岛素分泌功能的下降。     

Successful isolation of Helicobacter pylori after prolonged incubation from a patient with failed eradication therapy

Helicobacter pylori （H pylori）, a gastric pathogen, is a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and is an important risk factor for the development of gastric malignancies. Culture of the bacterium from gastric biopsy is essential for the determination of drug resistance of Hpylori. However, the isolation rates of H pylorifrom infected individuals vary from 23.5% to 97% due to a number of factors such as biopsy preparation, cultural environment, medium and the method adopted. In the present case, we found that a prolonged incubation period of up to 19 d allowed successful isolation of H pylori from a patient who received triple therapy that failed to eradicate the bacterium.     

Serotonin uptake and glycolytic activity of human platelets after prolonged incubation with glucose-poor plasma.

It is confirmed that metabolic energy is a prerequisite for the uptake of serotonin by human blood platelets. Starvation (i.e. incubation at 25 degrees C of platelets resuspended in glucose-poor autologous plasma) generally stops glucose consumption, lactate formation as well as serotonin uptake within 2 h. The addition of glucose restores lactate formation immediately and, independent of total starvation time, to normal or even higher levels. The active uptake of serotonin, however, can be restored only partly after prolonged incubation with glucose, to an extent which seems to be dependent of the preceding starvation time. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that besides an active carbohydrate metabolism another factor, presumably the integrity of the platelet membrane, is obligatory for the active transport of serotonin.     

Leukocytic alkaline phosphatase; behavior during prolonged incubation and infection in normal and leukemic leukocytes

1. Evidence of a marked difference in alkaline phosphatase activity in theleukocytes of normal subjects and individuals with chronic myelogenous leukemia has been provided by observations on the behavior of the enzyme following prolonged incubation and during pyogenic infection.

2. Therapy with radiation and radiomimetic drugs in chronic myelogenousleukemia and myeloid metaplasia resulted in a marked fall in leukocyte countbut no change was observed in the relative population of alkaline phosphatasepositive and negative cells.

3. In our laboratory histochemical and biochemical values for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase have been similar to those reported in the literature for typicalcases of chronic myelogenous leukemia and most leukemoid reactions. However,in certain cases parodoxical findings have been noted in which histochemical andbiochemical studies were inconsistent with the pathologic diagnosis.

4. The inadequacies of purely morphologic criteria in these atypical cases werenoted and the desirability of the further development of cytochemical methodshas been pointed out.

Submitted on May 24, 1956 Accepted on October 16, 1956     

三日疟和恶性疟混合感染1例

三日疟报道较少,尤其三日疟和恶性疟混合感染报道更少,2007-12笔者在缅甸佤帮勐冒县,做现场抗疟药物研究期间发现1例三日疟和恶性疟混合感染者,现报告如下.     

Malaria

Malaria is increasing worldwide due to the emergence and spread of drug resistant strains. This poses major health and economic problems for the population living in endemic areas and increases the risk of infections in travelers. The diagnosis of malaria relies on a biological proof of infection by microscopy or with a rapid test. The treatment must be initiated without delay preferably with an artemisinin containing regimen. Uncomplicated malaria can be treated with oral drugs while severe infections will be hospitalized and treated with injectables. Special attention will be given to the most susceptible groups: children and pregnant women.     

Malaria

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review addresses recent developments that relate to the pathogenesis of severe malaria and its treatment, and also highlights the increase in the global burden of malaria and provides a summary of clinical trials of malaria vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS: Malaria, one of the world's most important parasitic infections, is on the increase globally. This has resulted in an increase in the morbidity and mortality from malaria in endemic areas, a resurgence in areas where it was previous eradicated, and an increase in imported malaria in Europe and North America. Mortality from severe malaria continues to be high, even when effective drugs are available, because most deaths occur within hours of admission to hospital. In severe malaria, the presence of acidosis is the most important prognostic factor in children and adults. A number of therapies have resulted in clinical improvements and the correction of acidosis in phase I and II studies, but larger trials are required to examine the effect on mortality. More malaria vaccines are now in phase I or II trials; however, available data do not yet promise an imminent impact on malaria control. SUMMARY: Recent developments include a better understanding of the pathogenesis of severe malaria, and have given rise to a number of novel therapeutic strategies that should be examined in larger phase III trials. Similarly, there has been considerable progress in the field of vaccine development.