石菖蒲挥发油对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元自噬的影响及其机制

目的 探讨石菖蒲挥发油对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能(Dopamine,DA)神经元自噬的影响及其可能机制。方法 取45只C57BL/6小鼠,随机选取10只设为正常组,其余小鼠建立帕金森病模型,成功30只,随机分为帕金森病组、石菖蒲组、石菖蒲+激活剂组,每组各10只; 石菖蒲+激活剂组灌胃石菖蒲挥发油90 mg/kg,腹腔注射蛋白激酶B(Protein kinase B,AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路激活剂MHY1485(10 mg/kg); 石菖蒲组灌胃石菖蒲挥发油90 mg/kg,腹腔注射等体积二甲基亚砜(Dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO); 正常组、帕金森病组灌胃等体积生理盐水,腹腔注射等体积DMSO; 转棒实验检测运动协调能力; Western Blotting法检测黑质微管相关蛋白轻链3B(Light chain 3B,LC3B)、Bcl-2同源结构域蛋白(Bcl-2 homeodomain protein,Beclin1)蛋白表达水平; 免疫组织化学染色检测黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(Tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)阳性表达水平; Western Blotting法检测黑质AKT、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(Phosphorylation protein kinase B,p-AKT)、mTOR、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Phosphorylation mammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)蛋白表达水平。结果 与帕金森病组比较,石菖蒲组小鼠坚持运动时间延长,LC3B,Beclin1蛋白表达水平、TH阳性细胞占比升高(P<0.05); 与石菖蒲组比较,石菖蒲+激活剂组小鼠坚持运动时间缩短,LC3B、Beclin1蛋白表达水平、TH阳性细胞占比降低(P<0.05); 与帕金森病组比较,石菖蒲组黑质p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR降低(P<0.05); 与石菖蒲组比较,石菖蒲+激活剂组黑质p-AKT/AKT,p-mTOR/mTOR升高(P<0.05)。结论 石菖蒲挥发油可提升帕金森病(Parkison’s disease,PD)模型小鼠运动协调能力,促进黑质多巴胺能神经元自噬,提升多巴胺水平,抑制AKT/mTOR通路可能是其发挥作用的机制之一。     

白藜芦醇通过SIRT1/AMPK信号通路减轻MPTP诱导的小鼠多巴胺能神经元丢失

目的观察白藜芦醇(RV)对帕金森病(PD)小鼠的神经保护作用,并探索其发挥神经保护作用的可能机制。方法将48只小鼠随机分为CON组、MPTP组、RV+MPTP组和EX527+RV+MPTP组,每组12只。腹腔注射MPTP建立PD小鼠模型,并给予RV灌胃、SIRT1特异性抑制剂EX257腹腔注射处理,利用免疫荧光、western blot等检测相关蛋白表达。结果给予RV后,与MPTP组相比,RV+MPTP组SIRT1蛋白表达显著增加(P0.001),p-AMPK蛋白水平显著升高(P0.01),Cleaved caspase 3蛋白水平显著下降(P0.01),小鼠黑质区TH阳性神经元丢失率明显降低,纹状体组织中TH蛋白表达显著增加(P0.01)。给予EX527后,阻断了RV的上述作用,p-AMPK蛋白水平显著降低(P0.01),Cleaved caspase 3显著升高(P0.01),小鼠黑质区TH阳性神经元丢失率明显升高,纹状体组织中TH蛋白表达显著下降(P0.001)。结论 RV可能通过激活SIRT1/AMPK信号通路,SIRT1与AMPK相互调控,减少MPTP小鼠黑质区多巴胺能神经元丢失。     

烟酰胺单核苷酸腺苷酰转移酶1对慢性帕金森病小鼠模型黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3表达的影响

目的探讨烟酰胺单核苷酸腺苷酰转移酶1(NMNAT1)对慢性帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型(C57BL/6小鼠)黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(caspase-3)表达的影响。方法利用重组慢病毒转染1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)制备慢性PD小鼠模型。依据不同处理方式分为3组:对照组[经立体定位仪向小鼠双侧黑质注射空白对照重组慢病毒(LV-GFP),1周后腹腔注射生理盐水];MPTP组(经立体定位仪向小鼠双侧黑质注射LVGFP,1周后建立MPTP慢性PD模型);NMNAT1组[经立体定位仪向小鼠双侧黑质注射NMNAT1基因的过表达重组慢病毒(LV-NMNAT1),1周后建立MPTP慢性PD模型]。采用Western blot法检测3组小鼠黑质中TH及caspase-3半定量表达水平。结果 NMNAT1呈高表达的NMNAT1组黑质中TH蛋白表达量较MPTP组高(t=7.985,P0.001),caspase-3蛋白表达量较MPTP组低(t=8.901,P0.001)。结论 NMNAT1能增加TH表达发挥一定的神经保护作用,并通过减少caspase-3表达水平参与抗细胞凋亡。     

抗帕颗粒对帕金森病模型小鼠酪氨酸羟化酶神经元的影响

目的 探讨抗帕颗粒对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质纹状体酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元的影响。方法 90只健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠,鼠龄8～12周,并随机分为3组,即正常对照组30只、PD模型对照组30只、PD模型干预组30只; MPTP腹腔注射(40 mg·kg^-1·d^-1×7 d)制备小鼠PD模型; 正常对照组及PD模型对照组予生理盐水1 mL·d^-1灌胃,PD模型干预组给予抗帕颗粒40 mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,连续喂养4个月; 黑质纹状体切片、HE染色、免疫组织化学染色TH神经元及Western blotting检测TH蛋白的表达量。结果 ①正常对照组30只(30/30只)最终均存活,PD模型对照组4个月存活27只(27/30只),PD模型干预组4个月存活28只(28/30只); ②PD模型对照组、PD模型干预组小鼠每次注射MPTP后先有短暂兴奋[持续(7.61±2.17)min],表现为四处窜跳,随即出现全身中重度震颤,皮毛及尾巴时有竖立,活动减少,持续(24.23±3.89)min后震颤消失,随后出现活动减少; ③HE染色显示正常对照组大量褐色TH阳性细胞,PD模型对照组TH阳性细胞数明显减少,PD模型干预组TH阳性细胞数有所增加; ④免疫组织化学染色后经Imagepro-Plus 5.1系统分析,正常对照组TH阳性细胞面积为64 145 μm²,高倍镜下可见大量胞质为褐色颗粒的TH阳性细胞; PD模型对照组TH阳性细胞染色面积为40 012 μm²,高倍镜下见TH细胞数明显减少; PD模型干预组TH阳性细胞染色面积为60 952 μm²,高倍镜下见TH阳性细胞数较PD模型对照组增加; ⑤Western blotting检测显示正常对照组TH蛋白表达量与PD模型对照组和PD模型干预组比较均有明显差异(P<0.001),PD模型对照组TH蛋白表达量与PD模型干预组比较也有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 抗帕颗粒可使PD小鼠黑质纹状体中多巴胺能神经元一定程度地减少丢失,对多巴胺能神经元的数量、形态及功能具有一定的保护作用。     

尼莫地平对帕金森病模型小鼠黑质iNOS和COX-2表达的抑制作用

目的研究尼莫地平对1-甲基-4-苯基-1、2、3、6四氢吡啶(MPTP)所诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的保护作用。方法雄性健康C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水;模型组,腹腔注射MPTP(25 mg/kg);尼莫地平治疗组,每次注射MPTP前3 h灌胃给予尼莫地平(15 mg/kg)。观察各组小鼠行为学变化,免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹法观察中脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(induciblenitricoxidesynthase,i NOS)和环氧化酶-2(Cyclooxygenase,COX-2)的表达变化。结果与对照组小鼠比较,MPTP模型组小鼠出现典型的PD症状,中脑黑质TH阳性神经元大量丢失,i NOS和COX-2阳性细胞显著增多,蛋白水平明显升高;经尼莫地平处理后,上述情况得到明显改善。结论在此PD小鼠模型中,尼莫地平通过抑制炎症因子i NOS和COX-2的表达,可对多巴胺能神经元起到一定的保护作用。     

TauN368和磷酸化α-synuclein在3种帕金森病动物模型脑区的表达

目的探讨3种不同帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)动物模型黑质、纹状体和海马中磷酸化α-synuclein(S129)[以下简称为p-α-syn(S129)]和天冬酰胺内切酶(asparagine endopeptidase,AEP)特异性切割产生的tauN368片段的表达水平。方法建立慢性1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四羟吡啶(MPTP)诱导的PD小鼠模型(n=10)、鱼藤酮诱导的小鼠PD模型(n=10)以及鱼藤酮诱导的大鼠PD模型(n=10)共3种模型,每种模型均设立对照组(n=10)。采用酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)免疫染色评估不同PD动物模型黑质多巴胺能神经元损伤情况,采用Western blot方法检测各组动物中脑黑质、纹状体、海马p-α-syn(S129)和tauN368的表达。结果 3种PD动物模型中脑黑质致密部TH阳性神经元数目均较对照组明显减少,提示造模成功。Western blot检测结果显示,MPTP诱导的小鼠PD模型黑质、纹状体及海马tauN368表达均较对照组升高(P0.05),黑质和海马p-α-syn(S129)表达无统计学差异(P0.05);鱼藤酮诱导的小鼠PD模型黑质及纹状体p-α-syn(S129)和tauN368表达均较对照组增加(P0.05),而海马p-α-syn(S129)和tauN368表达与对照组比较均未见统计学变化(P0.05);鱼藤酮诱导的大鼠PD模型黑质、纹状体及海马p-α-syn (S129)表达较对照组增加(P0.05),而黑质和海马tauN368的表达无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论鱼藤酮诱导的小鼠PD模型黑质和纹状体同时存在tauN368和p-α-syn(S129)的差异性表达,提示该模型可能是研究PD发病中tauN368和α-synuclein相互作用机制的理想动物模型。     

丁基苯酞对帕金森模型小鼠中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元数及TH、TNF-α蛋白表达的影响

目的研究丁基苯酞(dl-3n-butylphthalide,NBP)对由MPTP诱导的C57BL/6小鼠帕金森模型中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元数及TH、TNF-α蛋白表达的影响,进一步探讨其保护机制。方法 24只C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成3组:正常对照组,MPTP组,NBP治疗组。MPTP腹腔注射法制备帕金森模型,免疫组织化学法观察中脑黑质TH阳性神经元细胞数,蛋白质印迹法观察中脑黑质TH、TNF-α蛋白含量的变化。结果 (1)与正常对照组比较,MPTP组可见帕金森病小鼠中脑黑质TH阳性神经元明显减少(P0.01);与MPTP组比较,NBP治疗组帕金森病小鼠中脑黑质TH阳性神经元数目明显增加(P0.01);(2)与正常对照组比较,MPTP组帕金森病模型小鼠中脑黑质TH蛋白表达减少(P0.01),而TNF-α蛋白表达增加(P0.05);(3)与MPTP组比较,NBP治疗组帕金森病模型小鼠中脑黑质TH蛋白表达明显增加(P0.01),而TNF-α蛋白表达减少(P0.05)。结论丁基苯酞可能通过提高中脑黑质中TH的含量及减少TNF-α炎性介质表达发挥对MPTP所致C57BL/6小鼠帕金森模型的神经元保护作用。     

沉默信息调节因子1/p53信号通路参与MPTP诱导的帕金森病小鼠多巴胺能神经元丢失

目的研究沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)和p53在MPTP诱导的帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型多巴胺能神经元凋亡中的可能作用。方法将健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、MPTP组,采用行为学方法检测行为学改变,高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测多巴胺(DA)、二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量变化,免疫荧光染色法观察两组小鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元数目的变化及SIRT1表达情况,TUNEL法观察黑质细胞凋亡情况,Western blot法检测TH、SIRT1、p53、乙酰化p53 (ac-p53)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)和Bax的表达情况。结果行为学结果显示MPTP组小鼠爬杆转向时间及爬杆总时间均较对照组小鼠显著延长(P 0. 01)。HPLC结果提示MPTP组的DA、DOPAC及HVA含量较对照组显著下降(P 0. 01)。免疫荧光结果显示MPTP小鼠黑质区TH阳性神经元数目及SIRT1表达较对照组均显著减少。TUNEL检测结果显示,与对照组相比,MPTP组凋亡阳性细胞数明显增多。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,MPTP组的TH、SIRT1、Bcl-2蛋白表达显著下降(P 0. 01),p53、ac-p53、Bax蛋白表达显著升高(P 0. 01)。结论MPTP模型小鼠行为学异常、TH阳性神经元减少、DA及其代谢产物下降提示成功复制PD动物模型,同时MPTP模型小鼠的SIRT1、p53及凋亡相关蛋白表达异常,提示该信号通路可能参与了PD的疾病过程。     

红景天甙促进帕金森病模型小鼠表达内源性胶质细胞源性神经营养因子蛋白保护多巴胺能神经元

目的研究中药单体成分红景天甙(salidroside)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱发的帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)小鼠模型的脑保护作用及其可能机制。方法80只C57BL雄性小鼠,分为正常对照组、MPTP模型组、MPTP+红景天甙组(即干预组,分别用3 mg/kg、50 mg／kg和150 mg／kg)及红景天甙对照组(分别用3 mg／kg、50 mg/kg和150 mg／kg),每组10只。应用免疫组化法观察黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元数目变化,蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测TH、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在纹状体中表达水平的变化。结果在小鼠黑质部位,MPTP组TH阳性神经元数目明显少于正常对照组及干预组(P<0．05)。Western blot结果显示,不同剂量干预组小鼠纹状体中的TH蛋白表达(相对灰度值)(0．8326±0．0930．0．9007±0．0104和1．1114±0．2013)较MPTP组的TH蛋白表达(0．5738±0．01真4)明显增加(P< 0．05);干预组的GDNF蛋白表达(1．3503±0．0573)较MPFP组的蛋白表达(0．1485±0．0118)显著增加(P<0．05);干预组的GFAP蛋白表达(2．4788±0．2093)与MPTP组(1．8431±0．1559)之间差异无统计学意义(P>0．05),但是干预组较正常对照组(1．3695±0.1174)明显增加(P<0．05)。结论红景天甙可以拮抗MPTP诱导的PD模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的丢失,其神经保护作用可能与促进内源性GDNF分泌增加有关。     

晚期糖基化终末产物受体对帕金森病模型小鼠脑内酪氨酸羟化酶表达的影响

目的探讨晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠脑中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)表达量的影响。方法采用12周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠依据不同处理方法分为6组(均n=10):对照组;MPTP组;空载病毒阴性对照(RAGE-NC)组;目的基因阴性对照(siRNA-RAGE)组;RAGE-NC+MPTP组;siRNA-RAGE+MPTP组。携带空载siRNA的慢病毒(RAGE-NC)与携带抑制RAGE表达的目的 siRNA-RAGE慢病毒经脑立体定位仪定向注射于小鼠两侧黑质,根据分组情况给予腹腔注射MPTP 30mg·kg~(-1)或等量生理盐水(每周2次×5周)。5周后予小鼠断头取脑,利用免疫组织荧光染色法检测各组小鼠脑组织黑质中TH数量变化情况,采用Western blot法分别检测各组RAGE、caspase-3、TH蛋白表达水平。结果与RAGENC+MPTP组比较,siRNA-RAGE+MPTP组RAGE蛋白表达减少(0.782 8±0.139 6 vs 1.039 0±0.146 4,P0.01),caspase-3蛋白表达减少(0.864 4±0.105 3 vs 1.240 0±0.080 7,P0.001),TH蛋白表达量显著升高(1.114 0±0.201 1vs 0.771 1±0.211 3,P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论抑制RAGE表达可抑制凋亡反应,提高PD多巴胺能神经元模型中TH蛋白表达水平,有潜在的神经保护作用。     

Molecular interaction between parkin and PINK1 in mammalian neuronal cells

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of substantia nigra and the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions. The etiology of PD is not known, but the recent identification of several mutation genes in familial PD has provided a rich understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PD pathology. Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin are linked to early-onset autosomal recessive forms of familial PD. Here we show molecular and functional interactions between parkin and PINK1. Parkin selectively binds to PINK1 and upregulates PINK1 levels. In addition, PINK1 reduces the solubility of parkin, which induces the formation of microtubule-dependent cytoplasmic aggresomes. Our findings reveal that parkin and PINK1 affect each other's stability, solubility and tendency to form aggresomes, and have important implications regarding the formation of Lewy bodies.     

Transcranial ultrasound in different monogenetic subtypes of Parkinson's disease

Abstract Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) has been found to be a typical sign in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), prevalent in more than 90% of affected individuals. To see whether SN hyperechogenicity is also characteristic for monogenetically caused PD, we investigated PD patients with alpha-synuclein, LRRK2, parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 mutations by transcranial sonography (TCS). In all these patients the area of SN echogenicity was significantly larger than in healthy controls, but smaller, than in idiopathic PD. As SN hyperechogenicity could be related to an increased iron content of the SN, these findings suggest that iron may play a less significant role in the pathogenesis of monogenetically caused compared to idiopathic PD.     

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for simultaneous detection of Parkinson's disease gene rearrangements.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain areas. Mutations in several genes have been associated with both autosomal dominant PD and recessive early onset Parkinsonism (EOP). Genomic rearrangements such as deletions or multiplications of one or more exons represent a common mutational mechanism for most of these genes and are not detectable with routine mutation screening techniques. MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification), is a cheap, simple, rapid, and sensitive tool to detect exon dosage alterations and specific point mutations in selected genes. We tested the recently developed PD-MLPA assay by using 13 positive control samples carrying known mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 genes. We then applied this technique to screen 16 EOP patients who were then cross-tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR). All the mutations present in the positive control samples were clearly detected by MLPA. Moreover, three novel Parkin rearrangements were identified among EOP patients and confirmed by qPCR. Only two samples generated false positive duplications of LRRK2 exon 1 and UCH-L1 exon 9, respectively. These results show that PD-MLPA assay can simultaneously and effectively detect rearrangements in most PD genes (SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1) as well as the LRRK2 G2019S common mutation. Thus, the use of this novel platform can improve the analysis of such mutations, facilitating comprehensive genetic testing in PD and EOP.     

Recessive Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, it is now clear that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, several causative genes have been identified in monogenic forms of PD. Accumulating evidence indicates that their gene products play important roles in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress response, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which are also implicated in sporadic PD, suggesting that these gene products share a common pathway to nigral degeneration in both familial and sporadic PD. Here, we review recent advances in knowledge about genes associated with recessive PD, including parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1.     

Parkin and PINK1 parkinsonism may represent nigral mitochondrial cytopathies distinct from Lewy body Parkinson's disease

Recent authors have concluded that Parkinson's disease (PD) is too heterogeneous to still be considered a single discrete disorder. They advise broadening the concept of PD to include genetic parkinsonisms, and discard Lewy pathology as the confirmatory biomarker. However, PD seen in the clinic is more homogeneous than often recognized if viewed from a long-term perspective. With appropriate diagnostic criteria, it is consistently associated with Lewy neuropathology, which should remain the gold standard for PD diagnostic confirmation. PD seen in the clinic has an inexorable course with eventual development of not only levodopa-refractory motor symptoms, but often cognitive dysfunction and prominent dysautonomia. This contrasts with homozygous parkin, PINK1 or DJ1 parkinsonism, characterized by young-onset (usually <40 years), and a comparatively benign course of predominantly levodopa-responsive symptoms without dementia or prominent dysautonomia. Parkin neuropathology is non-Lewy, with neurodegeneration predominantly confined to substantia nigra (and locus ceruleus), consistent with the limited clinical phenotype. Given the restricted and persistently levodopa-responsive phenotype, these familial cases might be considered “nigropathies”. Based on emerging laboratory evidence linking parkin and PINK1 (and perhaps DJ1) to mitochondrial dysfunction, these nigropathies may represent nigral mitochondrial cytopathies. The dopaminergic substantia nigra is uniquely vulnerable to mitochondrial challenges, which might at least be partially attributable to large energy demands consequent to thin, unmyelinated axons with enormous terminal fields. Although sporadic PD is also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, Lewy neurodegeneration represents a more pervasive disorder with perhaps a second, or different primary mechanism.     

“抗帕颗粒”对帕金森病模型鼠的神经保护作用

目的探讨"抗帕颗粒"对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质纹状体区TH阳性神经元及多巴胺(DA)的影响。方法 90只健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠,鼠龄8~12w,随机分为3组:正常对照组30只、PD模型对照组30只、PD模型干预组30只;MPTP腹腔注射(40mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)×7)制备小鼠PD模型;正常对照组及PD模型对照组予生理盐水1m L·d~(-1)灌胃,PD模型干预组给予"抗帕颗粒"40mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)灌胃,连续喂养4个月。比较分析各组4月时黑质纹状体区TH阳性神经元及DA情况。结果 1正常对照组30只(30/30只)最终均存活,PD模型对照组4个月时存活27只(27/30只),PD模型干预组4个月时存活28只(28/30只);2PD模型对照组、PD模型干预组小鼠每次注射MPTP后,先有短暂兴奋(持续7.61±2.17min),表现为四处窜跳;随即出现全身中重度震颤,皮毛及尾巴时有竖立,活动减少,持续24.23±3.89min后震颤消失;随后出现活动减少;3经Imagepro~Plus 5.1系统分析,正常对照组TH阳性细胞面积为64145μm~2,高倍镜下可见大量胞质为褐色颗粒的TH阳性细胞;PD模型对照组TH阳性细胞染色面积为40012μm~2,高倍镜下见TH细胞数量明显减少;PD模型干预组TH阳性细胞染色面积为60952μm~2,高倍镜下见TH阳性细胞数量较PD模型对照组增加;4正常对照组DA含量为2.18±0.31μg·m L~(-1),与PD模型对照组1.57±0.22μg·m L~(-1)比较,P0.01;正常对照组与PD模型干预组2.04±0.18μg·m L~(-1)比较。P0.05;PD模型对照组与PD模型干预组比较,P0.01。结论 "抗帕颗粒"可使PD小鼠黑质纹状体中多巴胺能神经元一定程度地减少丢失,并改善DA含量的下降,对多巴胺能神经元的数量、形态及功能具有一定的保护作用,有望改善PD治疗现状并在临床进一步推广应用。