丹参多酚酸盐联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察丹参多酚酸盐联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 选择150例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据临床治疗方案的不同随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予丹参注射液及依达拉奉,观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予丹参多酚酸盐及依达拉奉,比较2组患者治疗前、治疗后1、2周NIHSS(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale)评分及日常生活能力量ADL(Activity of Daily Living Scale)评分。结果 2组患者在治疗后1及2周NIHSS评分及日常生活能力量ADL评分均发生明显变化(P均<0.05); 观察组治疗总有效率为81.33%,明显高于对照组的60.0%(P<0.05)。结论 丹参多酚酸盐联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效明显好于丹参注射液联合依达拉奉,改善患者的总体预后,且安全性好。     

阿替普酶溶栓治疗对急性脑梗死患者氧化应激相关因子水平和神经功能的影响

目的 分析阿替普酶溶栓治疗对急性脑梗死患者氧化应激相关因子水平和神经功能的影响。方法 选取本院2016年5月-2018年5月收治的急性脑梗死患者60例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组; 对照组患者采用尿激酶溶栓治疗,观察组患者采用阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,分析2组患者治疗后的临床效果。结果 治疗前2组患者大脑中动脉血流动力学指标水平、NIHSS评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗7 d后观察组患者大脑中动脉收缩期峰值、舒张末期及平均流速高于对照组; 治疗14、28 d后NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者8-OHdG、MDA、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140、TNF-α水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗7 d后观察组患者8-OHdG、MDA、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140、TNF-α水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率为6.67%,对照组为16.67%,2组患者不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 阿替普酶溶栓治疗可改善急性脑梗死患者的神经功能,其机制可能与降低氧化应激相关因子、Ang-Ⅱ、CD62p、GMP-140水平有关。     

依达拉奉联合溶栓治疗急性脑梗死对氧自由基清除效果的影响

目的分析依达拉奉联合溶栓治疗急性脑梗死对氧自由基清除效果的影响。方法选择2013-12—2015-02在我院接受治疗的急性脑梗死患者92例为研究对象,随机分成2组,各46例。对照组应用依达拉奉治疗,观察组应用依达拉奉联合溶栓治疗。比较治疗前后2组患者ADL评分、Barthel指数、ESS评分、NIHSS评分的变化,同时观察氧化应激与氧自由基水平的变化。结果治疗后,观察组ADL评分、Barthel指数、ESS评分均高于对照组,而NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组氧自由基指标OH、NO、PLO的水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组氧化应激指标SOD、AOPP及MDA水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效显著,不仅能够改善患者的脑部神经功能,同时可减轻氧化应激反应,促进患者预后。     

依达拉奉联合丙泊酚治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察依达拉奉联合丙泊酚治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 118例急性脑梗死患者随机分为依达拉奉常规治疗组（对照组） 和依达拉奉联合丙泊酚治疗组（观察组）。治疗后第14天采用欧洲卒中量表（ESS）评分和日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分评估疗效。结果 两组患者治疗前ESS评分和ADL评分无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗后第14天两组患者ESS评分和ADL评分较治疗前均有改善（P<0.05）,观察组较对照组有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 依达拉奉联合丙泊酚治疗急性脑梗死能有效改善神经功能缺损,提高临床疗效。     

静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对氧化应激指标水平与神经功能的影响

目的 探讨静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对氧化应激指标水平、神经功能的影响。方法 用抽签法将于本院2016年2月-2017年10月就诊的81例急性脑梗死患者分为2组,对照组(n=40)采用常规治疗,观察组(n=41)应用静脉溶栓治疗,观察2组的治疗效果及氧化应激指标水平、神经功能变化情况。结果 观察组总有效率为95.4%,明显高于对照组62.5%(P<0.05); 治疗后观察组各项氧化应激指标水平、NIHSS(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表)评分、S100B蛋白及BDNF(脑源性神经营养因子)表达水平均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 应用静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效显著,可有效改善氧化应激指标水平、神经功能。     

尿激酶联合依达拉奉治疗新发脑梗死临床观察

目的观察尿激酶联合依达拉奉治疗新发脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选择6 h内新发脑梗死患者,符合溶栓指证者给予尿激酶溶栓治疗,将溶栓后24 h内无脑出血者41例随机分成观察组21例和对照组20例。观察组给予依达拉奉静滴,对照组给予银杏叶提取物静滴。2组患者均给予上述治疗14 d。治疗前及治疗14 d后均进行欧洲卒中量表。结果 ESS评分及Barthel指数(BI)评分,2组进行比较。治疗14 d后,观察组ESS评分为87.37±8.63,对照组为71.28±9.26,2者比较有统计学差异,P<0.05。治疗14 d后的BI评分比较:观察组为79.59±13.56,对照组为65.64±14.43,2者比较有统计学差异,P<0.05。结论对于6 h内急性脑梗死的的患者给予尿激酶溶栓后,联合依达拉奉治疗能明显促进受损神经功能的恢复、提高日常生活的能力。     

亚低温联合动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床应用价值

目的 探讨亚低温联合动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床应用价值。方法 选取2018年1月-2018年12月在本院神经内科住院并行溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者60例,并随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例; 对照组患者接受常温下常规动脉溶栓治疗; 观察组患者接受亚低温技术联合常规动脉溶栓治疗; 记录观察组患者亚低温处理前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)和呼吸(R)的变化情况; 比较2组患者的上消化道出血、肺部感染、静脉血栓形成、脑疝、心律失常等并发症发生情况及病死亡率情况; 分析2组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分及改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。结果(1)观察组患者在亚低温处理后HR明显降低,与亚低温处理前比较有明显差异(P<0.05);(2)2组患者在上消化道出血、肺部感染、静脉血栓形成、脑疝、心律失常等并发症发生率比较均无明显差异(P>0.05); 对照组和观察组发生脑梗死出血性转化分别有2例(6.7%)和10例(33.3%)(P<0.05); 观察组和对照组患者发生死亡分别有6例(20.0%)和8例(26.7%)(P>0.05);(3)神经功能缺损评估(NIHSS评分),2组患者溶栓后2、24 h,7和90 d的NIHSS评分与溶栓前比较均有明显差异(P<0.05); 观察组2、24 h,7和90 d的NIHSS评分改善较对照组更为明显(P<0.05);(4)观察组治疗14、30和90 d后的mRS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 亚低温联合动脉溶栓治疗能明显促进急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损的恢复,减少脑梗死出血转化的发生     

依达拉奉对大鼠脑梗死溶栓治疗后MMP-9表达的影响

目的研究依达拉奉对大鼠脑梗死溶栓治疗后脑组织中MMP-9表达及血脑屏障的影响,探讨依达拉奉对脑梗死溶栓治疗后再灌注损伤的保护机制。方法采用SD大鼠自体血栓栓塞法制备大脑中动脉闭塞模型,并将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、尿激酶溶栓治疗组(UK)、尿激酶+依达拉奉治疗组(UK+ED),12h后分别以免疫组织化学法和比色法对SD大鼠脑组织中MMP-9表达水平和伊文思蓝含量进行测定。结果与尿激酶溶栓治疗组相比,尿激酶+依达拉奉组SD大鼠缺血侧脑组织MMP-9表达水平和EB含量均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论依达拉奉可能通过下调MMP-9表达,减轻血脑屏障的破坏,减轻溶栓后脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

神经生长因子辅助治疗高血压性脑出血的效果及对水通道蛋白、氧化应激因子水平的影响

目的 分析神经生长因子辅助治疗高血压性脑出血(HICH)的效果及对水通道蛋白、氧化应激因子水平的影响。方法 选取本院2016年2月-2017年12月收治的HICH患者74例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组; 对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组患者采用常规治疗+神经生长因子治疗,分析2组患者治疗后的临床效果。结果 治疗前2组患者血肿量、水肿体积、NIHSS评分和Barthel指数评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗后观察组患者血肿量、水肿体积、NIHSS评分低于对照组,Barthel指数评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者MMP-9、SOD、GSH-Px、AQP-1、AQP-4水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗后观察组患者SOD、GSH-Px水平高于对照组,MMP-9、AQP-1、AQP-4水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 神经生长因子辅助治疗HICH可缩小水肿体积,降低MMP-9、AQP蛋白水平,提高SOD、GSH-Px水平,促进神经功能缺损恢复,提高日常生活质量。     

神经保护剂对老年急性脑梗死患者的疗效分析

目的探讨不同种类神经保护剂对于老年急性脑梗死患者临床疗效及药物的安全性。方法将本院收治的120例老年急性脑梗死患者随机分为依达拉奉组、胞二磷胆碱组及对照组,3组患者均给予溶栓、抗凝、脱水降颅压、控制血压、保持水电解质平衡等常规治疗措施,依达拉奉组、胞二磷胆碱组分别给予神经保护剂依达拉奉或胞二磷胆碱治疗。分别于治疗前后比较3组患者神经功能缺损评分及日常生活能力评分(Barthel评分),比较3组患者治疗的临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果 3组患者治疗后神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),Barthel评分显著升高(P<0.05);依达拉奉组、胞二磷胆碱组治疗后神经功能缺损评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Barthel评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),临床治疗的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而组间无显著差异(P>0.05);3组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论依达拉奉及胞二磷胆碱等神经保护剂能够提高老年急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效,改善患者预后,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

东莞市2004至2007年脑卒中发病率趋势及住院直接经济负担调查

目的了解东莞地区2004～2007年脑卒中流行病学发病趋势及住院直接经济负担。方法监测东莞地区2004至2007年脑卒中的发病情况、住院相关经济指标及影响因素。结果东莞地区脑卒中的平均发病密度为142．5／10万人年,4年来脑卒中的标准化发病率有逐年升高趋势,平均每年增长7．9％。脑卒中患者平均住院日16．6d,平均住院费用为11715．5元,脑卒中亚型（P〈0．001）、平均住院时间（P〈0．001）和预后（P〈0．001）是影响平均住院费用的主要因素。结论东莞市脑卒中发病率有逐年上升的趋势,缩短住院时间可能是减轻住院经济负担的合理途径。     

老年重度颈动脉狭窄血管成形术中球囊预扩的价值

目的探讨球囊预扩在老年重度颈动脉狭窄血管成形术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析东莞市人民医院神经内科2010-01—2016-12收治的76例老年重度颈动脉狭窄患者,所有患者均行血管成形术,根据是否采用小球囊预扩分为球囊预扩组和非球囊预扩组,比较2组患者手术前后血管狭窄率和NIHSS评分及并发症发生率。结果 2组患者手术前后血管狭窄率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.937,P0.05,χ2=2.016,P0.05);手术前2组患者NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(t=0.881,P0.05),手术后2周球囊预扩组患者NIHSS评分(2.5±2.1)低于非球囊预扩组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.318,P0.05)。2组患者缺血性脑卒中的发生率无统计学差异(χ2=2.831、2.336,P0.05),而球囊预扩组患者血管痉挛、迷走神经反射和高灌注损伤等并发症发生率均低于非球囊预扩组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.562、8.562、6.777,P0.05)。结论老年重度颈动脉狭窄血管成形术中进行球囊预扩有助于降低患者术后2周NIHSS评分和术后并发症的发生率,值得在临床推广应用。     

360°弹性固定法辅助下闭合复位带锁髓内钉置入治疗股骨干骨折

背景：闭合复位交锁髓内钉置入内固定能很好的保护骨折端的血供,减少感染机会,促进骨折愈合,已成为治疗股骨干骨折的首选方法。然而,闭合复位并让骨折端保持稳定复位状态操作起来非常困难。 目的：探讨在橡胶驱血带360°弹性固定法辅助下闭合复位带锁髓内钉置入治疗股骨干骨折的效果。 方法：选择2008-05/2009-11广东省东莞市中医院骨科18例闭合性股骨干骨折患者,男14例,女4例,年龄18~65岁。采用布巾保护肢体皮肤,以橡胶驱血带360°叠瓦状双层弹性缠绕骨折端上下10 cm,在股骨髁上钻入斯氏针,手法握针两端对抗牵引、左右旋转,配合手法,使骨折闭合复位,交锁髓内钉内固定。 结果与结论： 18例患者均闭合复位成功并置入交锁髓内钉,术后未发现因应用此方法导致的神经血管损伤及皮肤压迫坏死。跟踪随访结果显示,16例骨折愈合,优15例,良1例;2例早期骨痂生长明显仍在随访中;骨痂最早于术后1个月出现,术后3个月骨痂明显。结果提示在橡胶驱血带360°弹性固定法辅助下闭合复位带锁髓内钉置入内固定治疗股骨干骨折简便实用,降低了骨折处血运的干扰,闭合复位效果好,减少了切开复位的机会,是一种有效的方法。     

功能部位深度烧伤削痂时保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮58例

背景：深度或混合度烧伤后,真皮虽然受到损害,但没有完全坏死,可能只是发生了变性而已,当变性真皮被自体皮片覆盖后,变性真皮能够逐渐复苏,其形态、结构逐渐恢复到正常或接近正常状态。 目的：对比分析功能部位深度烧伤切削痂植皮时保留变性真皮与不保留变性真皮的远期疗效。 设计、时间及地点：病例分析,于2006-03/2008-06在东莞市清溪医院烧伤外科完成。 对象：选用58例有功能部位深度烧伤的患者,按照不同的治疗方法分成3组。 方法：切除真皮组：进行切削痂时切除全层真皮并移植大张自体中厚皮片。保留真皮组：用削痂或刮痂的方法清除已经坏死的痂皮,保留变性真皮。对照组：临床治疗过程中不同意手术植皮治疗的部分患者,用通常烧伤换药的方法直至创面愈合。 主要观察指标：比较3组患者出血情况、术后瘢痕增生情况,并对其功能进行评级。 结果：切除真皮组、保留真皮组手术时,保留真皮组出血少,保留真皮组移植皮片相对切除真皮组不容易成活,切除真皮组皮片收缩较保留真皮组明显,且远期功能不如保留真皮组。3组中对照组瘢痕增生最明显,功能恢复最差。 结论：对功能部位深度烧伤切削痂植皮时保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮片的手术方法能够获得较好的外观及功能。     

Association between FSP,CVHI, inflammatory cytokines and the incidence of primary stroke

This case-control study was designed to establish a new risk-prediction model for primary stroke using Framingham stroke profile (FSP), cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) and plasma inflammatory cytokines including hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and Lp-PLA2. A total of 101 primary stroke patients admitted to Dongguan Houjie Hospital between August 2014 and June 2015 were assigned into the case group, and 156 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects from the Houjie Community were allocated into the control group. The prognostic values of FSP, CVHI and inflammatory cytokines including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Seven risk-prediction models (FSP, CVHI, inflammatory cytokine, FSP + CVHI, FSP + inflammatory cytokine, CVHI + inflammatory cytokine, CVHI + FSP + inflammatory cytokine) were successfully established and the prognostic values were statistically compared by ROC curve and Z test. For FSP, the stroke risk was significantly elevated by 2.85 times when the FSP score was increased by 1 level (P = 0.043), increased by 3.25 times for CVHI (P = 0.036), 6.53 times for IL-6 (P = 0.003), and 7.75 times for Lp-PLA2 (P = 0.000). The sensitivity of FSP + CVHI + inflammatory cytokine and CVHI + inflammatory cytokine models was higher than 90%. For model specificity, the specificity of FSP + CVHI + inflammatory cytokine model alone exceeded 90%. FSP, CVHI, IL-6 and Lp-PLA2 are independent risk factors of stroke. Integrating IL-6 and Lp-PLA2 into the models can significantly enhance the risk prediction accuracy of primary stroke. Combined application of FSP + CVHI + inflammatory cytokine is of potential for risk prediction of primary stroke.     

Cultural Identity and Experiences of Prejudice and Discrimination of Afghan and Iranian Immigrant Youth

In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. Such experiences can impact on immigrant youth’s cultural identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. This paper presents findings of a study that examined cultural identity and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among Afghan (N = 9) and Iranian (N = 17) immigrant youth in Canada. The study had a prospective, comparative, longitudinal qualitative design. Data was gathered through focus groups, interviews, journals and field logs. Four main themes emerged on participants’ experiences of prejudice and discrimination: (a) societal factors influencing prejudice; (b) personal experiences of discrimination; (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity; and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Drawing from Rosenberg’s (Conceiving the self, Basic Books, New York, 1979) self-concept framework and Romero and Roberts (J. Adolesc., 21:641–656, 1998) distinction between prejudice and discrimination, results indicated that youth’s extant and presenting cultural identity were affected. Inclusive policies and practices are needed to promote youth integration in multicultural and immigrant receiving settings.

Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound

Introduction: Nerve and muscle ultrasound has been studied in several conditions, but validity and reliability have not been assessed systematically. Methods: Nerve cross‐sectional area and muscle thickness were measured ultrasonographically at several sites in 4 cadavers, which were then dissected, and actual measurements were obtained. To assess intrarater and interrater reliability, between 3 and 5 ultrasonographers, with varying experience levels, made repeated measurements on healthy volunteers. Results: Correlation coefficients for nerve and muscle validity were >0.968 (P < 0.001), and for intrarater reliability were >0.901 (P < 0.001) for still and real‐time images. Correlation coefficients for interrater reliability were more varied, but for still images they were all significant at the P < 0.001 (0.542–0.998) level, and for real‐time images they were significant at the P < 0.05 level for half the sites (0.243–0.981). Conclusion: Overall, nerve and muscle ultrasound is a valid and reliable diagnostic imaging technique. Muscle Nerve, 2013     

Design and pharmacological activity of glycinamide and N-methoxy amide derivatives of analogs and constitutional isomers of valproic acid

A series of glycinamide conjugates and N-methoxy amide derivatives of valproic acid (VPA) analogs and constitutional isomers were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Of all compounds synthesized and tested, only N-methoxy-valnoctamide (N-methoxy-VCD) possessed better activity than VPA in the following anticonvulsant tests: maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazol, and 6-Hz (32-mA) seizure tests. In mice, the ED₅₀ values of N-methoxy-VCD were 142 mg/kg (maximal electroshock test), 70 mg/kg (subcutaneous metrazol test), and 35 mg/kg (6-Hz test), and its neurotoxicity TD₅₀ was 118 mg/kg. In rats, the ED₅₀ of N-methoxy-VCD in the subcutaneous metrazol test was 36 mg/kg and its protective index (PI = TD₅₀/ED₅₀) was > 5.5. In the rat pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model, N-methoxy-VCD demonstrated full protection at 200 mg/kg, without any neurotoxicity. N-Methoxy-VCD was tested for its ability to induce teratogenicity in a mouse strain susceptible to VPA-induced teratogenicity and was found to be nonteratogenic, although it caused some resorptions. Nevertheless, a safety margin was still maintained between the ED₅₀ values of N-methoxy-VCD in the mouse subcutaneous metrazol test and the doses that caused the resorptions. On the basis of these results, N-methoxy-VCD is a good candidate for further evaluation as a new anticonvulsant and central nervous system drug.     

Co-occurrence and symptomatology of fatigue and depression

ObjectiveFatigue and depression are highly comorbid phenotypes with partially overlapping symptoms. The main aims of the present study are to: (i) identify the risk of current fatigue and depression; (ii) determine if the depression symptoms experienced by individuals who are fatigued (N = 766) and non-fatigued (N = 1849) are different; and (iii) identify if the fatigue symptoms experienced by depressed (N = 275) and non-depressed (N = 2340) individuals are different, in a community-based sample of Australian twins aged over 50 years.MethodsFatigue and depression symptom profiles and classifications were generated using the Schedule of Fatigue and Anergia (SOFA); the General Health Questionnaire; and the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory, States of Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. The association between co-occurring fatigue and depression was assessed using prevalence ratios. Differences in the preponderance of fatigue and depression symptoms were assessed using logistic regression modeling.ResultsIndividuals with either fatigue or depression have an approximately two-fold increased risk for comorbid presentation of both traits, compared to the general population. Logistic regression analysis indicated that fatigued individuals were significantly more likely to report all of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) depression symptoms assessed in the study. Similarly, depressed individuals were significantly more likely to report all SOFA fatigue symptoms.ConclusionsFatigue and depression are highly correlated traits within the community. Depression symptomatology and prevalence are significantly increased in fatigued individuals. Fatigue and especially the symptoms of insomnia and poor concentration are strong predictors of depression. Notably, the association between fatigue and depression is independent of their overlapping symptomatology. Therefore, presentation with fatigue, and in particular the symptoms of insomnia and poor concentration, should be considered as warning signs of depression in older adults.