早期静脉溶栓治疗急性轻型缺血性卒中的疗效观察

目的探讨早期静脉溶栓治疗急性轻型缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法将70例首次急性轻型缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为溶栓组(35例)及未溶栓组(35例)。溶栓组于入院后给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗,未溶栓组给予阿司匹林(100 mg/d)口服。于出院时采用NIHSS评分评价患者神经功能缺损情况,治疗3个月后采用mRS评价患者预后。结果入院时溶栓组及未溶栓组患者一般临床资料差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与未溶栓组患者比较,溶栓组患者出院时NIHSS评分显著降低,预后良好的比率显著增高(P0.05~0.01)。两组患者均未发生症状性脑出血及死亡。结论静脉溶栓治疗可以显著改善轻型缺血性卒中患者的预后,并且不会增加其颅内出血的风险。     

轻型缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗分析

目的探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)治疗急性轻型缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性。方法纳入2017年11月至2018年10月发病4.50 h内入院的252例急性轻型缺血性卒中患者,分别行rt-PA静脉溶栓(静脉溶栓组,84例)、阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板(双抗组,108例),以及阿司匹林或氯吡格雷抗血小板(单抗组,60例)治疗,治疗后24 h采用CT或MRI观察有无颅内出血,比较治疗前后血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)表达变化,并于入院后7 d、发病后21和90 d行改良Rankin量表评分判断预后。结果入院后7 d,不同治疗组患者血清hs-CRP(均P=0.000)和ESR(均P=0.000)水平降低,其中双抗组和单抗组血清hs-CRP(P=0.000,0.000)和ESR(P=0.000,0.010)高于静脉溶栓组;治疗后24 h,静脉溶栓组与抗血小板组颅内出血发生率差异无统计学意义[1.19%(1/84)对0(0/168);χ~2=2.008,P=0.366]。入院后7 d,静脉溶栓组预后良好率高于双抗组(P=0.043)和单抗组(P=0.012);发病后21和90 d,静脉溶栓组预后良好率仅高于单抗组(P=0.021,0.037)。结论对于轻型缺血性卒中患者,尤其是症状轻微但可致残的患者应及时行rt-PA静脉溶栓,而因各种原因未能接受静脉溶栓治疗的患者则需在发病24小时内及时行阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗。     

强化抗血小板治疗在缺血性脑卒中复发高危患者二级预防中的临床研究

目的观察强化抗血小板药物氯吡格雷在缺血性脑卒中复发高危患者二级预防中的长期疗效及安全性。方法采用艾森卒中风险评分（ESRS）量表筛选住院的急性非心源性缺血性脑卒中复发高危患者100例,随机分为氯吡格雷组和阿司匹林组,每组50例。两组均给予脑卒中常规治疗,氯吡格雷组予氯吡格雷75mg及阿司匹林100mg口服,1周后仅予氯吡格雷75mg,口服。阿司匹林组予阿司匹林200mg,口服,1周后改为100mg,口服。随访3个月和1年,观察两组缺血性脑卒中复发率及药物不良反应发生率。结果随访3个月时,脑卒中复发率：阿司匹林组为6．3％,氯吡格雷组为2．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;药物不良反应发生率：阿司匹林组为14％,氯吡格雷组为2％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随访1年时,脑卒中复发率：阿司匹林组为13％,氯吡格雷组为2％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;药物不良反应发生率：阿司匹林组为38％,氯吡格雷组为6％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论缺血性脑卒中复发高危患者二级预防中强化抗血小板治疗可降低脑卒中复发风险,长期应用获益较高,安全性好。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗进展性脑卒中的有效性和安全性分析

目的观察氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗进展性脑卒中的安全性及有效性,为进展性脑卒中的临床治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析130例进展性脑卒中患者,分为氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗组(治疗组)、单用阿司匹林治疗组(对照组),比较2组入院时、进展后、治疗14d后的NIHSS评分及mRS评分。结果治疗组治疗14d后NIHSS评分较对照组明显下降,mRS评分较对照组显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),2组不良反应相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对进展性脑卒中患者采用双抗血小板治疗效果明显,能有效提高疗效及日常生活能力,且安全性较高。     

小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞临床分析

目的探讨小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞的安全性及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008-01—2013-12超早期心源性脑栓塞患者47例,其中接受小剂量rt-PA静滴溶栓治疗24例为溶栓组,接受常规二级预防23例为对照组。比较2组治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及改良Rankin评分(mRS)。结果2组治疗前基本临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);溶栓组NIHSS评分明显下降,BI、mRS上升,2组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中1例出现无症状性脑出血。对照组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞是安全的,近期疗效显著。     

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效及对血小板聚集率的影响

目的探讨阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效及其病人血小板聚集率的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2015年6月收治的292例缺血性脑卒中的临床资料。根据治疗方法分为常规组(146例)与联合组(146例),常规组给予阿司匹林(100 mg/d)治疗,联合组在常规组治疗的基础上给予氯吡格雷(75 mg/d)治疗。治疗前、治疗后2周,比较两组血小板聚集率和美国国立卫生研究所脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果治疗前,两组NIHSS评分和血小板聚集率均无明显差异(P0.05);治疗后2周,两组NIHSS评分和血小板聚集率均明显改善(P0.05),而且,联合组明显优于常规组(P0.05)。结论阿司匹林与氯吡格雷可以发挥协同作用,进一步降低缺血性脑卒中病人血小板的聚集率,对缺血性脑卒中有更好的疗效。     

心源性栓塞患者rt-PA静脉溶栓前阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷预处理的有效性和安全性分析

目的探讨心源性栓塞患者rt-PA静脉溶栓前阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板预处理的有效性和安全性。方法 2018年7月至2019年7月共313例心源性栓塞患者均接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,溶栓前予阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷预处理167例(预处理组),未服药146例(对照组),采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价近期(溶栓后1 h、24 h和7 d)神经功能改善,改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价远期(发病后90 d)预后,并记录颅内出血发生率和病死率。结果预处理组患者静脉溶栓后1 h[48.50%(81/167)对32.19%(47/146);χ~2=8.574,P=0.003]、24 h[57.49%(96/167)对45.21%(66/146);χ~2=4.704,P=0.030]和7 d[77.25%(129/167)对63.01%(92/146);χ~2=7.602,P=0.006]神经功能改善率均高于对照组,而两组溶栓后颅内出血发生率[3.59%(6/167)对3.42%(5/146);χ~2=0.006,P=0.936]、病死率[0.60%(1/167)对0.68%(1/146);Fisher确切概率法:P=1.000]和发病后90 d预后良好率[80.84%(135/167)对74.66%(109/146);χ~2=1.732,P=0.188]差异均无统计学意义。结论rt-PA静脉溶栓前阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板预处理可以改善心源性栓塞患者早期神经功能,且不增加颅内出血和死亡风险,临床应用安全、有效。     

双抗治疗急性脑卒中的临床观察

目的探讨氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林肠溶片治疗急性脑卒中的临床效果,以期提高临床诊治水平。方法选取390例急性脑卒中患者,对照组180例以予阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,观察组210例加用氯吡格雷辅助治疗,观察治疗后相关指标变化。结果对照组基本痊愈率、总有效率明显低于观察组(P0.05);对照组治疗后总残废率明显高于观察组(P0.05);2组治疗后NIHSS评分、mRS评分较治疗前均有所下降,BI较前有所升高,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS评分下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。结论氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林肠溶片治疗急性脑卒中临床效果显著。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的探讨不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA,阿替普酶)静脉治疗合并房颤的急性缺血性卒中的安全性与疗效。方法选择2017-01-2019-11在河南科技大学第一附属医院神经内科接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的70例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为实验组,选择同时期未给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的38例合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者为对照组。将实验组患者随机分为低剂量组(0.6 mg/kg,A组)与标准剂量组(0.9 mg/kg,B组)。记录实验组溶栓前和溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分,记录对照组入院时和入院7 d NIHSS评分,记录3组患者7 d内的颅内出血发生情况和90 d病死率,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对各组患者90 d预后进行分析。结果低剂量组和标准剂量组患者溶栓后7 d较溶栓前NIHSS评分改善率均较对照组增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。rt-PA静脉治疗后,低剂量组颅内出血发生率和90 d病死率均低于标准剂量组,但组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);低剂量组与标准剂量组90 d预后良好率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于合并心房颤动的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,低剂量rt-PA与标准剂量rt-PA在功能恢复方面相比无显著性差异,但具有潜在较低的脑出血率及病死率。     

静脉溶栓治疗NIHSS评分>25分严重缺血性卒中的疗效和安全性

目的观察静脉用rt-PA溶栓对NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析时间窗内的NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性脑卒中患者65例,其中接受静脉溶栓组(溶栓组)30例和未进行溶栓(未溶栓组)35例。比较2组治疗前后(24h、7d、14d)的NIHSS评分、治疗后mRS评分(30d)、颅内出血率及病死率。结果溶栓组治疗后24h、7d、14d的NIHSS评分较治疗前及未溶栓组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中,在时间窗内溶栓可以有效改善患者的神经功能缺损和预后,不会过度增加颅内出血风险。     

侧支代偿联合NIHSS评分预测大脑中动脉闭塞患者的预后

目的 通过全脑血管造影术(Digital Subtraction Angiography, DSA)评估大脑中动脉闭塞后供血区域的侧支代偿联合NIHSS评分预测患者的预后。方法 采用回顾性队列研究的方法收集从2017年5月-2018年5月西北大学附属医院经DSA确诊大脑中动脉闭塞的患者; 采用美国介入和治疗神经放射学学会/介入放射学学会(American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology /Society of Interventional Radiology collateral vessel grading system, ASTIN/SIR)侧支循环评估系统进行评分并采集患者入院时NIHSS评分,然后随访患者3个月时mRS评分,采用ASTIN/SIR方法与NIHSS评分联合预测患者的预后。结果(1)ASTIN/SIR评分与NIHSS评分相关,相关系数为-0.734,P<0.0001;(2)ASTIN/SIR评分预测患者预后不良的敏感度为92.3%特异度为66.7%,P<0.0001,95% 可信区间(0.692～0.960); NIHSS评分预测患者预后不良的敏感度为100%特异度为66.1%,P<0.0001,95%可信区间(0.735～0.977);(3)ASTIN/SIR评分联合NIHSS评分预测患者预后不良的敏感度为92.8%特异度为77.8%,P<0.0001,95%可信区间(0.772～0.989)。结论(1)ASTIN/SIR评分与NIHSS评分在大脑中动脉闭塞患者中呈负相关;(2)ASTIN/SIR评分及NIHSS评分可以预测大脑中动脉闭塞患者的预后;(3)ASTIN/SIR评分与NIHSS评分联合应用可增加预测大脑中动脉患者预后不良的特异度。     

Effects of Fujian tablet on Nogo-A mRNA expression and plasticity of the corticospinal tract in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia

The present study investigated the effects of Fujian tablet, a Chinese medicine compound that can nourish liver and kidney, on corticospinal tract plasticity and cervical cord microenvironment in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Results showed that motor function of rats with right proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion was significantly improved following treatment with Fujian tablet, 9 g crude drug/kg. Anterograde tracing revealed significantly increased biotinylated dextran amine expression in the denervated (left) side of the cervical cord (C4-6) following Fujian tablet treatment, and significantly decreased Nogo-A mRNA expression was detected in the denervated side of the cervical cord (C4-6) using in situ hybridization. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between biotinylated dextran amine and Nogo-A mRNA expression (r = -0.943, P < 0.01). Results demonstrated that Fujian tablet can promote corticospinal tract plasticity possibly through the inhibitory effect on Nogo-A mRNA expression in the cervical spinal cord, thereby improving motor dysfunction.     

STAF及LADS评分筛查急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并心房颤动的临床研究

目的 探讨STAF评分(score for the targeting of atrial fibrillation)及LADS评分(1eft atrial diameter, age, diagnosis of stroke or TIA, smoking)对急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并心房颤动(AF)的筛查价值。方法 纳入2013年12月～2014年12月就诊于本科且临床诊断为急性缺血性脑卒中的患者,记录人口学信息、入院后首次美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS),以及普通和/或长程心电图、心脏彩超、头颈部血管评估等检查结果。分别对所有患者进行STAF及LADS评分,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,以确定STAF和LADS评分诊断AF的最佳截断点,计算出各自的灵敏度与特异度。结果 共纳入331例患者,其中男211例,女120例,年龄31～92岁,平均年龄(64±3.5)岁。STAF评分诊断AF的ROC曲线下面积为0.940,以STAF评分≥5分作为最佳截断点,STAF评分的灵敏度与特异度分别为91.89%、87.16%。LADS评分诊断AF的ROC曲线下面积为0.844,以LADS评分≥4分作为最佳截断点,LADS评分的灵敏度与特异度分别为71.62%、87.16%。ROC曲线下面积STAF评分大于LADS评分,二者间有明显差异(P<0.005)。结论 STAF评分及LADS评分对急性缺血性脑卒中患者是否合并AF具有较好的预测价值,且STAF较LADS评分准确性更高。     

中药对大脑中动脉闭塞模型大鼠脑血管发生的作用

目的研究中药复方复健片对大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型大鼠脑血管发生的影响，并探讨其治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制。方法采用Tamura等方法制造大鼠MCAO模型。将30只大鼠随机分为药物组、MCAO模型组、假手术组。药物组于造模成功后6d按体重10g／kg灌胃给予复健片水溶液。余二组分别灌胃给予同等量NS，1次／d，共2周。观察模型大鼠脑内血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）、血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）的表达以及微血管密度的变化。结果药物组大鼠脑内VEGF、bFGF、PDGF表达明显增强．微血管密度增高。结论复健片可显著增加MCAO模型大鼠脑内VEGF、bFGF、PDGF的表达．提示其促进血管发生是治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制之一。     

Minimally invasive evacuation of intraventricular hemorrhage with the Apollo vibration/suction device

Intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) can occur as a consequence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysm rupture, arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage, trauma, or coagulopathy. IVH is a known risk factor for poor clinical outcome with up to 80% mortality. The current standard treatment strategy for IVH consists of the placement of an external ventricular drain. We report our early experience with using the Apollo suction/vibration aspiration system (Penumbra, Alameda, CA, USA) for minimally invasive evacuation of IVH with a review of the pertinent literature. Medical records of patients with IVH who were admitted to Rush University Medical Center, USA, from July to November 2014 were queried from the electronic database. Patients with Graeb Scores (GS) >6 were selected for minimally invasive IVH evacuation with the Apollo aspiration system. Patient demographics, pre- and post-operative GS, pre- and post-operative modified Graeb Score (mGS), as well procedure related complications were analyzed and recorded. A total of eight patients (five men) were identified during the study period. The average age was 55.5 years. The mean GS was 9.6 pre-operatively and decreased to 4.9 post-operatively (p = 0.0002). The mean mGS was 22.9 pre-operatively and decreased to 11.4 post-operatively (p = 0.0001). Most of the IVH reduction occurred in the frontal horn and atrium of the lateral ventricle, as well the third ventricle. One (1/8) procedure-related complication occurred consisted of a tract hemorrhage. The Apollo system can be used for minimally invasive IVH evacuation to achieve significant blood clot volume reduction with minimal procedure-related complication.     

侧支循环状态与再灌注治疗预后的关系及CTA侧支循环评分的预测价值

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者基线侧支循环状态与再灌注治疗预后的关系,并比较阿尔伯特早期卒中计划评分(ASPECTS)、多期CTA评分(mCTAs)和软脑膜侧支评分(rLMCs)的预测价值.方法收集87例接受再灌注治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料.采用ASPECTS、mCTAs和rLMCs评分评定基线侧支循环情况.根据...     

The Prognostic Value of the THRIVE Score,the iScore Score and the ASTRAL Score in Chinese Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has a higher morbidity and mortality rate. Many prediction tools have been developed to predict the risk of poor outcomes in patients after AIS, such as the THRIVE score, the iScore score, and the ASTRAL score. However, the predictive value of above 3 prediction tools in Chinese patients with AIS need to be further verified. So, this study aimed to determine the ability of the THRIVE score, the iScore score, and the ASTRAL score in predicting clinical poor outcomes in Chinese patients with AIS at 1 year.

Was it infarction or haemorrhage?

Summary Since the clinical distinction between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke cannot be achieved with a simple clinical evaluation, and it is virtually impossible to submit all stroke patients to CT, a weighted clinical score may offer some advantages to physicians who are involved in stroke management. The Allen score (also referred to as the Guy's Hospital score), a validated clinical score, has been tested in two different clinical settings, comprising 289 patients. When only the values under 4 and those over 24 are taken into account (i.e. > 90% probability of ischaemia and haemorrhage), the global accuracy of the score is 97%, and the diagnostic gain (given a pretest probability for haemorrhage of 11% and a likelihood ratio of 194) is 85%. Therefore, we conclude that this simple clinical method can be used for epidemiological studies of stroke incidence and outcome, as well as for a first bedside screening to decide which patients should have priority for CT.     

Accuracy of bedside diagnosis versus Allen and Siriraj stroke scores in Turkish patients

Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow the accurate diagnosis in stroke and distinction of ischemic from hemorrhagic lesions. However, clinical diagnosis is still critical where neuroimaging techniques are not available, especially to establish first-aid measures in a stroke patient. In this prospective study of 300 patients with stroke, the diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes was made as an informal bedside diagnosis prior to neuroimaging. The accuracy of bedside diagnosis was also compared with the results of the Allen and Siriraj stroke scores. Then, the reliability of these scores and our informal bedside diagnosis, along with the final diagnosis, were compared with each other. Our informal bedside diagnosis was correct in 250 of the 300 patients (83.3%). The diagnostic sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of bedside diagnosis for ischemic stroke were 87.8% and 86.0% and for intracerebral hemorrhage 75.7% and 78.5%, respectively. Sensitivity and PPV for every cut-off value of the Allen and Siriraj stroke scores were less than that of sensitivity and PPV of informal bedside diagnosis. When the receiver operating curves obtained from the Allen and Siriraj stroke scores were compared, the Allen stroke score was found to be a better predictor in the final diagnosis. Our data suggest that an informal bedside diagnoses is as good as diagnoses made on certain intracerebral hemorrhages and on certain ischemic strokes by the Siriraj and Allen stroke scores; when compared, the Allen score seems to be better than the Siriraj stroke score. Hence, the use of both scores is recommended in epidemiologic studies as a screening tool as suggested by previous studies employing other diagnostic tools in clinics.     

Stroke mechanism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation according to the CHADS2 and CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores

Background and purpose: The CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores are useful to stratify embolic risks in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and to identify patients eligible for anticoagulation. Although the risk of stoke increases in patients with higher CHADS₂ or CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores, it is uncertain why the stroke rate increases in them. Concomitant potential cardiac sources of embolism (PCSE) may be more frequent in patients with higher CHADS₂ or CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores because stroke risks increase when concomitant PCSE is present in Atrial fibrillation (AF). On the other hand, atherothrombosis may be the cause when considering that most components of the CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Methods: Amongst 5493 stroke patients who were prospectively registered with the stroke registry for 11 years, 860 consecutive patients with NVAF were included for this study. We investigated the mechanisms of stroke according to the CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score in stroke patients with NVAF. Results: Amongst 860 patients, concomitant PCSE were found in 334 patients (38.8%). The number of PCSE increased as the CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score increased (P < 0.001). Of individual PCSE, akinetic left ventricular segment, hypokinetic left ventricular segment and myocardial infarction <4 weeks were associated with the CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score. The presence of possible atherothrombotic mechanism, in addition to AF, was suggested in 27.3%. The proportion of patients with concomitant presence of possible atherothrombosis was increased as the CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score increased (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased frequency of concomitant PCSE and that of the atherothrombotic mechanism may explain the high risk of stroke in patients with higher CHADS₂/CHA₂DS₂‐VASc score.