宫颈癌:不宜迷信“疫苗万能”

宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一.发病率在我国女性恶性肿瘤中居第二位。据世界范围内统计,全球每年约冇50万的宫颈癌新发病例,占所有癌症新发病例的5%;其中80%以上的病例发生在发展中国家。人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引发宫颈癌元凶,约80%有性行为的女性在一生中可能感染人乳头状瘤病毒,而持续感染会极大增加癌变的风险。因此.预防宫颈癌最好方法是注射疫苗。     

人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈病变的相关性

宫颈癌是世界范围内危害女性健康的常见恶性肿瘤,其发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中仅次于乳腺癌,居第2位.现已证实高危人乳头瘤病毒的感染是引起宫颈癌的必要条件,该文就人乳头瘤病毒导致宫颈癌的机制及其检测的临床应用研究进行了综述.     

中医药治疗子宫颈癌的研究进展(综述)

子宫颈癌(Cafcinoma of Cervix)是通常发生在宫颈阴道部或移行带的鳞状上皮细胞及颈管内膜的柱状上皮细胞交界处的恶性肿瘤,约占女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的50%以上,其病死率居妇女恶性肿瘤的首位,是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。据世界卫生组织报道,世界每年新发现的宫颈癌有45.9万例,仅次于乳腺癌,而我国每年新发现宫颈癌就有13.5万例,     

宫颈癌相关基因DNA异常甲基化的研究现状

宫颈癌是最常见的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,其发病率居女性恶性肿瘤第二位,严重威胁着妇女的生命健康[1-3].现已有许多研究证实,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发生的重要因素[4-6].随着对宫颈癌的深入研究,发现大量的表观遗传学改变可引起癌基因或抑癌基因表达失调,从而导致宫颈癌的发生.其中最常见是发生DNA甲基化异常.     

宫颈癌FIGO分期的修订及治疗

在女性恶性肿瘤中,宫颈癌的发病率和病死率仅次于乳腺癌.全世界每年新发病例约50万,占所有癌症新发病例的5%.死亡人数约23万,中国每年新发病例约15万,死亡约8万,发病数与死亡数均占世界1/3 o高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发生的必要因素,宫颈癌早期诊断及合理有效的治疗显得尤为重要.     

宫颈癌FIGO分期的修订及治疗

在女性恶性肿瘤中,宫颈癌的发病率和病死率仅次于乳腺癌。全世界每年新发病例约50万,占所有癌症新发病例的5%。死亡人数约23万,中国每年新发病例约15万,死亡约8万,发病数与死亡数均占世界1/3。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发生的必要因素,宫颈癌早期诊断及合     

宫颈癌的预防和治疗

宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于乳腺癌。现在世界上每年新发子宫颈癌为46.5万,死亡人数在20万以上。山西的宫颈癌发病率、死亡率在世界居第一位。宫颈癌病因至今尚未完全明了。一般认为其发病与早婚、性生活乱、过早性生活、早年分娩、密产、多产、经济情况、种族和地理环境等因素有关。近年发现通过性交感染某些病毒,如单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型、人乳头状瘤病毒、人巨细胞病毒等,可能与宫颈癌发病有一定关系,尤其是人乳头状瘤感染与宫颈     

女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒检测进展

子宫颈癌全球每年大约有50万新发病例,其中80%是发生在发展中国家.女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒感染是宫颈癌发生的首要因素、始动因素,几乎在所有的宫颈癌及癌前病变标本中可检出人乳头状瘤病毒DNA,这项检测已被作为宫颈细胞学检测的辅助手段来识别可能进展为宫颈癌的高危人群.该文对近年来有关女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒感染的临床诊断方法进行综述.     

女性宫颈病变、人乳头瘤病毒感染及相关危险因素研究进展

宫颈癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,对女性的健康构成了严重威胁,其发病率仅次于结肠癌和乳腺癌,居第3位〔1〕。近年来全世界每年宫颈癌新发病例中80%发生在发展中国家。而在发达国家,宫颈癌的总体发病率和死亡率均已显著下降,但受社会因素的影响及部分地区人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染率的上升,宫颈癌发病率仍有上升的趋势,且发病年龄呈现年轻化趋势〔2〕。与其他恶性肿瘤相比,宫颈癌的发生具     

宫颈癌疫苗及其应用

宫颈癌是女性常见的生殖系统恶性肿瘤。全球每年约有52．9万新发宫颈癌病例,约27．5万人死于宫颈癌。我国每年约有13万新发宫颈癌病例,北京市宫颈癌检出率为12．21／10万。人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）感染是宫颈癌发生发展的主要病因。在已知的100多种HPV基因型中,根据其所致病变的类型分为高危型和低危型。高危型包括HPV16、18、45、58等15种。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌的研究进展

宫颈癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤,仅次于乳腺癌,人乳头瘤病毒感染是其形成过程中的重要条件,但大多数感染人乳头瘤病毒的妇女可自行缓解,仅少数妇女持续感染并发展为宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈癌,说明宫颈癌的发生过程中还存在其他的协同因素.宫颈癌的治疗方法近年来无重大突破,因此,重点在于癌前病变的筛查及预防.目前人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的问世为宫颈癌的防治带来了希望,已经成为一个研究热点.该文就人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌的发生关系及人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的研究进展作了系统的回顾.     

宫颈癌生物标记物的研究进展

宫颈癌的发病与人乳头状瘤病毒感染密切相关。人乳头状瘤病毒感染是宫颈癌发病的主要危险因素,但并不是感染了人乳头状瘤病毒就一定会发生宫颈癌。病毒癌基因表达产物干扰细胞周期关键调节因子,导致细胞增殖、分化与凋亡异常,才有可能发生宫颈癌。肿瘤生物标记物是肿瘤细胞生物异常的表现,其提示恶性肿瘤的存在。与许多其他肿瘤一样,良好有效的肿瘤标记物为宫颈癌早期诊断、肿瘤复发和转移的监测、疗效的观察及预后判断提供了可靠的依据。目前与宫颈癌有关的生物标记物有数十种,包括人乳头状瘤病毒感染、细胞周期调节蛋白、细胞凋亡相关因子等。随着研究的深入,这些生物标记物在临床上已显示出广阔的应用前景。     

初善仪子宫颈癌筛查系统在宫颈病变筛查中的应用

宫颈癌是最常见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤之一,是导致妇女死亡的第二大癌症,随着宫颈癌筛查的开展,宫颈癌的发病率及死亡率可明显下降。初善仪(TruScreen)是一种新型的宫颈病变筛查方法,它具有与病理学诊断的一致性好、敏感性特异性较高、简单无创、易携带、客观性和实时性等特点,还可以联合其它筛查方法[宫颈涂片、新柏式薄层液基细胞学技术(ThinPrep liquid-based cytology test,TCT)、液基细胞薄层涂片(liquid-based cytology test,LCT)、人乳头状瘤病毒检测(human papilloma virus test,HPV-test)等提高宫颈疾病的检出率,在宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查及预后判断具有重大的临床应用价值。     

Ano-genital lesions due to human papillomavirus infection in women

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most prevalent sexually-transmitted agents worldwide. HPV are small circular double-stranded DNA epitheliotropic viruses that exhibit either cutaneous or mucosal specificity. Most HPV infections are self-limiting and are spontaneously cleared within months or years. However, infections may persist and result in a variety of benign, pre-malignant and malignant tumors. Cytological and histopathological abnormalities associated with HPV infections of the male and female lower anogenital tract include condylomata, low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions which are incipient cancers, and squamous cell carcinomas. The modal time between HPV infection occurring in the late teens or early 20 s and precancer peaking around 30 years of age is 7-10 years. Women detected with invasive cancers tend to be an average 10 years older than women with high-grade disease. The natural history of cervical cancer reveals that infection with high-risk types may lead to low-grade or high-grade intraepithelial lesions. High-grade lesions may progress to cervical carcinoma if not treated. The purpose of screening, in addition to detecting cervical cancers at an early stage, is to detect and remove high-grade lesions and thus prevent the potential progression to cervical carcinoma. Early detection of cervical neoplasia is possible with regular Pap smears performed from 21 to 70 years of age. In case of abnormal Pap smear, a biopsy performed under colposcopy will allow the diagnosis of cervical lesion. Cancer of the cervix is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women across the world (3,400 new cases in France in 2000).     

宫颈癌筛查方法的研究进展

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着妇女的健康.宫颈癌如能早期发现,是可以完全治愈的.筛查是早期发现宫颈癌和切断其发展的重要手段.研究证实人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌的发生和发展关系密切,人乳头瘤病毒的检测已成为宫颈癌早期筛查的一个重要方面.人乳头瘤病毒的检测和分型对于了解宫颈癌病情变化、指导治疗、判断预后以及疫苗改进均具有十分重要的价值.     

HPV16和p53蛋白在鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤组织中的作用

目的初步探讨16型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV16)和p53蛋白在国人鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学方法对58例鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤标本进行HPV16和p53蛋白检测。结果内翻性乳头状瘤(IP)中无p53蛋白阳性反应，HPV16感染率为62．5％；恶性肿瘤和IP伴鳞状上皮不典型增生的p53蛋白表达阳性率为56．0％和44．4％，HPV16感染率为24．0％和66．7％；HPV16和p53蛋白同时阳性者在IP伴鳞状上皮不典型增生中占33．3％，明显高于恶性肿瘤(8．0％)和IP(0例)。结论HPV16感染可能是鼻腔鼻窦IP的主要致病因素，p53基因突变可能与鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤的发生关系密切，二者可能协同使鼻腔鼻窦良性肿瘤发生恶性转化。     

Human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Maharashtra,India

Introduction

Frequency and distribution of HPV types in HIV-infected women with and without cervical neoplasia and their determinants have not been widely studied in India. We report and discuss HPV prevalence and type distribution in HIV-infected women.

Methods

HPV genotyping was done using cervical samples from 1109 HIV-infected women in a cross-sectional study.

Results

Any HPV was detected in 44.8% and high-risk ones in 41.0% women. Frequency of single and multiple high-risk infections were 26.7% and 14.3%, respectively. Frequencies of high-risk HPV infections in women with and without cervical neoplasia were 73.5% and 37.6%, respectively. HPV16 was the most common genotype, present in 11.5%, and 58.5% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3. Other most common high-risk HPV types in CIN 2–3 lesions were HPV 31 (22.6%); 56 (13.2%); 18 and 68a (11.3%) and 33, 35 and 51 (9.4%); and 70 (7.5%). Women under 30 or over 44 years, no abortions, and women with diagnosis of HIV infection within the last 5 years were at high risk of multiple oncogenic HPV infection.

Conclusion

We observed a very high frequency of high-risk HPV and multiple infections in HIV-infected women.     

HPV感染和p53基因多态性与宫颈癌的关系

人乳头瘤病毒在宫颈癌组织中有很高的检出率 ,是宫颈癌最重要的致病因素之一 ,p5 3蛋白是重要的抑癌基因 ,HPV感染时在病毒基因的作用下降解和失活 ,从而失去抑癌作用 ,导致肿瘤的发生。p5 3基因多态性是否能作为宫颈癌的易感因素引起了很大的争议 ,本文阐述了人乳头瘤病毒感染、p5 3基因多态性与宫颈癌之间的关系 ,并重点讨论了 p5 3基因多态性在宫颈癌发生作用上引起争议的原因     

ATTITUDES OF ADOLESCENT/YOUNG ADULT WOMEN TOWARD HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION AND CLINICAL TRIALS

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It often inflicts adolescents and young adults shortly after onset of sexual activity. More than 30 types of HPV infect the anogenital area; some HPV types cause cervical cancer in women decades after infection, whereas other types cause genital warts in both men and women within a year after infection. Vaccines are being developed against oncogenic and wart-producing HPV. Knowledge of HPV and attitudes toward HPV vaccination/clinical trial participation among 60 female adolescents and young adults were evaluated. Knowledge of HPV in this group was limited, but almost all participants would be interested in receiving vaccines that prevented cervical cancer and genital warts. Only 30% were likely to participate in an HPV clinical trial that required shots and pelvic examinations. A key motivating factor for clinical trial participation was the potential for a vaccine to help other women.     

Attitudes of adolescent/young adult women toward human papillomavirus vaccination and clinical trials

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It often inflicts adolescents and young adults shortly after onset of sexual activity. More than 30 types of HPV infect the anogenital area; some HPV types cause cervical cancer in women decades after infection, whereas other types cause genital warts in both men and women within a year after infection. Vaccines are being developed against oncogenic and wart-producing HPV. Knowledge of HPV and attitudes toward HPV vaccination/clinical trial participation among 60 female adolescents and young adults were evaluated. Knowledge of HPV in this group was limited, but almost all participants would be interested in receiving vaccines that prevented cervical cancer and genital warts. Only 30% were likely to participate in an HPV clinical trial that required shots and pelvic examinations. A key motivating factor for clinical trial participation was the potential for a vaccine to help other women.