氯氮平与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血糖、血脂、体重影响的meta分析

目的评价氯氮平与利培酮对精神分裂症患者血糖、血脂、体重的影响。方法对符合纳入标准的8篇中文文献共555例精神分裂症患者进行meta分析,其中氯氮平组309例,利培酮组246例。依次进行文献质量评价、合并效应量估计与统计推断。结果在研究终点(4～12周),氯氮平组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hBG)合并效应量大于利培酮组(P<0.05),两组间血清总胆固醇(TCH)、甘油三酯(TG)、体重(BW)、体质量指数(BMI)合并效应量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);氯氮平治疗后2hBG、TCH、TG、体重、BMI的合并效应量均大于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗前后FBG合并效应量无改变(P>0.05);利培酮治疗后TCH、TG、体重、BMI合并效应量均大于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗前后FBG、2hBG合并效应量均无改变(P>0.05)。结论利培酮未影响患者血糖,而氯氮平导致患者餐后血糖升高;两者都有可能升高患者血脂,也均可引起患者体重增加。     

抗精神病药物对嗜酸性粒细胞的影响

目的探讨几种抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者嗜酸性粒细胞的影响。方法随机选取抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症患者300例,分别在治疗前及治疗后每周测定血细胞计数与分类。结果患者经利培酮、氯氮平和氯丙嗪治疗后嗜酸性粒细胞增多有的60例(20%)。氯氮平组发生率(29.1%)显著高于利培酮组(14%)(P<0.01),氯丙嗪组与利培酮组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论典型和非典型抗精神病药物对嗜酸性粒细胞均有影响,可能与免疫系统有关。     

氯氮平对精神分裂症患者血脂的影响

目的 探讨氯氮平对精神分裂症患者脂质代谢的影响。方法 采用自身对照研究,比较49例精神分裂症患者在氯氮平治疗前和治疗后6周末的血脂水平。结果 氯氮平治疗后患者TG明显升高(P<0.01),HDL明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后男性患者HDL明显降低(P<0.05),女性患者TG明显升高(P<0.01);氯氮平剂量和血清TG水平呈正相关(P<0.01),与血清HDL水平无明显相关关系(P>0.05);合并心电图异常患者组的血清TG水平明显高于心电图正常组(P<0.05);治疗6周末的体重增加与血浆高TG和低HDL水平均无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。结论 氯氮平治疗可引起血脂异常,且血脂异常可能和心肌损伤有关,但短期内未见与体重增加有关。     

利培酮与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的对照研究

目的 探讨、比较利培酮与氯氮平对分裂症阴性症状的疗效。方法 将68例以阴性症状为主的住院精神分裂症患者,分为研究组和对照组,分别给予利培酮和氯氮平治疗,疗程12周,用SANS、BPRS、TESS评定疗效和副反应。结果 利培酮组SANS平均降分7.06±9.91,治疗前后有显著差异(P<0.01)。氯氮平组SANS平均降分6.88±9.52,与用药前比较也有显著差异(P<0.01),利培酮与氯氮平治疗后SANS降分无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 利培酮与氯氮平对治疗分裂症阴性症状均有一定效果,但二者对阴性症状的疗效无显著差异。     

齐拉西酮与氯氮平、利培酮对精神分裂症患者脂代谢影响的对照研究

目的探讨氯氮平、利培酮、齐拉西酮三种抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者脂代谢的影响。方法将符合CC-MD-3精神分裂症诊断标准的187例精神分裂症患者随机分成氯氮平、利培酮、齐拉西酮3组,分别给予单药治疗6个月。于治疗前及治疗第1、2、3、6个月末监测血脂、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL))等项指标,同时评定症状程度。结果治疗后较治疗前氯氮平组、利培酮组在血脂各指标数值均增加,且在体质量、TC项,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);氯氮平组在TG、LDL项,利培酮组在TG项差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);齐拉西酮组在血脂各项指标上,治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氯氮平、利培酮对患者的血脂代谢均有影响,且氯氮平的影响大于利培酮,齐拉西酮的影响则不显著。     

长期服用利培酮、氯氮平及氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者心电图和心肌酶的影响

目的 了解长期服用抗精神病药物利培酮、氯氮闰及-平氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者心电图和心几敏酶的影响.方法 选择符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版(CCMD-3)精神分裂症诊断标准,且单用研究药物、治疗时间超过五年的患者作为研究对象,共收集217例,其中服用利培酮60例、氯氮平100例、氯丙嗪57例,检测其心肌酶:包括肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB亚型(creatine kinase isozyme-MB,CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST),并检测心电图.结果 1、与利培酮组及氯丙嗪组比较,氯氮平组出现心电图异常人数最多,且有统计学差异,其心电图的改变以T波改变及逆钟向转位最为常见;2、心肌酶指标CK-MB在三组患者之间存在统计学差异(P<0.01),其中氯氮平组明显高于利培酮组与氯丙嗪组.结论 长期服用利培酮、氯氮平、氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者的心肌酶和心电图可产生一定的影响,以氯氮平组变化最为显著.     

氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮对血糖影响的对照分析

目的　比较氯丙嗪、氯氮平及利培酮对精神分裂症病人血糖的影响。方法　采用全自动生化仪对单用氯丙嗪、氯氮平或利培酮治疗的精神分裂症病人各 3 0例进行治疗前后的血糖测定对比分析。结果　氯氮平组的精神分裂症病人治疗后血糖较治疗前明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,氯丙嗪组和利培酮组治疗前后血糖无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　氯氮平可引起精神分裂症病人糖代谢的异常 ,在用氯氮平时应注意监测血糖。     

奎硫平合用氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋临床观察

目的:观察奎硫平合用氯硝西泮治疗精神分裂症急性兴奋的疗效及不良反应,以氯丙嗪和氯氮平为对照。方法:182例精神分裂症急性中度兴奋患者,随机分为奎硫平合用氯硝西泮(62例,简称合用组),氯丙嗪(60例,氯丙嗪组)和氯氮平(60例,氯氮平组)治疗,疗程1周。治疗前及治疗1周末评估阳性与阴性症状量表兴奋因子(PANSSEC)和治疗中需处理的不良反应。结果:合用组的疗效与氯丙嗪组、氯氮平组比较,均获得明显改善,差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。氯丙嗪组锥体外系反应发生率高于合用组和氯氮平组(P<0.01)。氯氮平组嗜睡、便秘、流涎和心动过速的发生率高于合用组和氯丙嗪组(P<0.05)。结论:奎硫平合用氯硝西泮可有效治疗精神分裂症急性中度兴奋患者,与氯丙嗪和氯氮平的疗效相当,不良反应轻微。     

氯氮平、利培酮对心电图QT离散度的影响

目的探讨氯氮平、利培酮对心电图QT离散度(QTd)的影响及QTd对猝死的预防价值。方法取氯氮平、利培酮两研究组和正常对照组各200例,研究组分别于治疗前、治疗后4周测心电图QT间期各一次。结果研究组治疗前的QTd及校正后的QTcd与正常对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);氯氮平组治疗前、后QTd、QTcd变化的自身比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01);利培酮组治疗前、后QTd、QTcd变化的自身比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论氯氮平对心电图QTd、QTcd有明显的影响,利培酮对心电图QTd、QTcd无明显影响。     

抗精神病药对血脂和载脂蛋白的影响

目的 :比较氯丙嗪、氯氮平及利培酮对精神分裂症患者血脂及载脂蛋白的影响。　方法 :采用全自动生化仪对单用氯丙嗪、氯氮平或利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者各 30例进行治疗前后的血脂及载脂蛋白测定及对比分析。　结果 :氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮均可引起女性精神分裂症患者胆固醇(TG)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)明显升高 ,氯氮平组升高更为明显。氯丙嗪、氯氮平均可引起男、女性精神分裂症患者甘油三脂 (TC)明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮均可导致精神分裂症患者的脂类代谢异常 ,在治疗精神分裂症的同时应及早采取相应的预防措施     

Brains, bodies and metabolism

The interrelationship of brain and body sizes has been the subject of investigations for over a hundred years. These studies have demonstrated that variation in brain weights is much smaller than that in body weights; consequently, scaling studies are ones of negative allometry. Furthermore, the variability in brain weight is greater when comparisons are between species rather than among individuals of the same species, and the degree of variability in brain size differs among orders. The largest shifts in brain sizes relative to changes in body weights are found when comparing different ontogenetic stages. Debate continues as to the importance of metabolism in determining the interrelationship of brain-body weights for interpreting differences in relative brain size. Although past advances in the study of brain-body size associations have come by increasing the size of the data bases and by improved statistical analyses, the recent utilization of transgenic animals may provide new insights into the mechanism of this association.     

核纤层蛋白Lamin A的结构及功能和代谢特征

Lamin A是细胞核内重要的骨架蛋白,对维持细胞的形态结构具有重要作用。文章综述了LMNA基因在染色体的位置,lamin A蛋白质的形态、结构;LMNA基因不同位点的突变和缺失时机体产生的不同疾病;核纤层蛋白lamin A参与成肌细胞的分化作用功能;Caspase-6可促进核纤层蛋白lamin A的裂解以及NFAT5可能促进lamin A的表达等调节作用。     

Hypothalamic digoxin,cerebral dominance,and lipid metabolism

The present study assessed the biochemical differences in lipid metabolism between right hemispheric dominant and left hemispheric dominant individuals. The HMG CoA reductase activity and the serum isoprenoidal metabolities--digoxin, dolichol, and ubiquinone--were studied. The results showed that right hemispheric dominant individuals had (i) increased HMG CoA reductase activity, (ii) elevated serum digoxin levels, (iii) reduced serum ubiquinone levels, (iv) increased serum tryptophan and reduced tyrosine, (v) increased serum dolichol levels, and (vi) decreased RBC membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity and serum magnesium levels. Left hemispheric dominant individuals had the opposite patterns. Right hemispheric dominance represents a hyperdigoxinemic state with membrane sodium-potassium ATPase inhibition and an upregulated isoprenoid pathway. Left hemispheric dominance represents the reverse pattern with hypodigoxinemia/membrane sodium-potassium ATPase stimulation and a downregulated isoprenoid pathway. Cerebral dominance can regulate lipid metabolism.     

Vascular headache, thrombopenia and serotonin metabolism

The role of platelet serotonin in migraine remains a subject of controversy. However, the frequency of association of migraine with antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia would suggest that platelet dysfunction or impaired serotonin metabolism might play a role in migrainous attack. We report three new cases, two involving chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia and one lupus. The observation of high levels of anti-platelet antibodies in close correlation with the occurrence of attacks suggests that the Serotonin Releasing Factor (SRF) could be concerned. This was suspected previously on the basis of in vitro studies. The hypothesis that other forms of migraine might be linked to an immunopathological process involving other immunoglobulins is proposed (Acta neurol. belg., 1988, 88, 290-296).     

Schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis and trytophan metabolism

Rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia have been described in early surveys as mutually exclusive disorders. Such claims are seen as especially interesting in view of: (1) indications that both illnesses often follow prodromes of severe psychological stress, (2) theories regarding hypermethylation of indoleamines producing endogenous psychotogens in schizophrenia, and (3) studies of rheumatoid arthritis reporting excessive binding of L-tryptophan to plasma protein, abnormalities of urinary tryptophan metabolites, decreased serotonin binding capacity of thrombocytes, and decreased MAO activity in joint fluid. Further comparative studies of tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis might enhance knowledge of pathogenesis in either or both diseases.