The change of angiotensin Ⅱ production and its receptor expression during wound healing: possible role of angiotensin Ⅱ in wound healing

Objective This study was undertaken to observe the change in the local level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and the expression of its corresponding receptors AT1 and AT2 during wound healing, and explore the possible role of Ang Ⅱ in wound healing . Methods A model of full-thickness cutaneous wound was developed on the back of C57/BL6 mice. Specimens were taken from the wound of each mouse on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after wounding. The change in the generation of Ang Ⅱ in wounded tissue during the healing process was detected with ELISA. The proliferation and the apoptosis of cells were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and terminal deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in wounded skin during the healing process, respectively. The cellular localization and the mRNA level change of Ang Ⅱ receptors in wounded tissue during healing were detected with immunostaining and RT-PCR. Results Ang Ⅱ produced in wounded skin was increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. BrdU labeling index was increased gradually in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased slowly in the first 7 days after wounding. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was more markedly after epithelization of the wound. In normal mice, AT1 and AT2 receptor were found positively expressed in the whole epidermal layer, while positive expression was only found in the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels within the dermal layer, and positive expression was also found in appendages of the skin, i.e. hair follicle, sweat gland and sebaceous gland respectively. Positive staining signal of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, then gradually decreased. Expression of AT2R was increased again following the epithelization of wound. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors was detectable, and AT1 receptor was increased in the first 7 days to the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing, while AT2 receptor expression reached its peak value on day 7, then gradually decreased, and increased again following the epithelization of wound. Conclusions These results indicate that Ang Ⅱ participate in wound repair and related to remolding in the late stage of wound healing through the change in production of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. AT1 receptor might be closely associated with cell proliferation,while AT2 receptor might play a role in cell apoptosis and remolding during wound healing.     

The change of angiotensin Ⅱ production and its receptor expression during wound healing: possible role of angiotensin Ⅱ in wound healing

Objective This study was undertaken to observe the change in the local level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and the expression of its corresponding receptors AT1 and AT2 during wound healing, and explore the possible role of Ang Ⅱ in wound healing . Methods A model of full-thickness cutaneous wound was developed on the back of C57/BL6 mice. Specimens were taken from the wound of each mouse on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after wounding. The change in the generation of Ang Ⅱ in wounded tissue during the healing process was detected with ELISA. The proliferation and the apoptosis of cells were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and terminal deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in wounded skin during the healing process, respectively. The cellular localization and the mRNA level change of Ang Ⅱ receptors in wounded tissue during healing were detected with immunostaining and RT-PCR. Results Ang Ⅱ produced in wounded skin was increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. BrdU labeling index was increased gradually in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased slowly in the first 7 days after wounding. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was more markedly after epithelization of the wound. In normal mice, AT1 and AT2 receptor were found positively expressed in the whole epidermal layer, while positive expression was only found in the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels within the dermal layer, and positive expression was also found in appendages of the skin, i.e. hair follicle, sweat gland and sebaceous gland respectively. Positive staining signal of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, then gradually decreased. Expression of AT2R was increased again following the epithelization of wound. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors was detectable, and AT1 receptor was increased in the first 7 days to the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing, while AT2 receptor expression reached its peak value on day 7, then gradually decreased, and increased again following the epithelization of wound. Conclusions These results indicate that Ang Ⅱ participate in wound repair and related to remolding in the late stage of wound healing through the change in production of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. AT1 receptor might be closely associated with cell proliferation,while AT2 receptor might play a role in cell apoptosis and remolding during wound healing.     

Efficacy of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers in the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

目的 评价血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂(ARB)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症(PHT)的疗效.方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、中国期刊全文数据库、中国科技期刊数据库(维普)、万方数字化期刊全文数据库等关于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂降低肝硬化门静脉压力的随机对照试验,使用RevMan 5.0版软件对人选试验进行Meta分析.结果 共9个随机对照试验包含327例病人符合人选标准,其中5个为ARB与安慰剂或空白对照对比的对照试验,另4个为ARB与普萘洛尔对比的对照试验.Meta分析结果显示:①ARB降低肝静脉压力梯度的幅度明显大于安慰剂或空白对照(WMD=1.88 mm Hg,95％CI:0.99～2.77mm Hg,P＜0.0001),而与普萘洛尔相比无统计学差异(WMD=0.92 mm Hg,95％CI:-0.41～2.26 mm Hg,P=0.17).②ARB降低平均动脉压幅度明显大于安慰剂或空白对照(WMD=8.94mm Hg,95％CI:7.24～10.63 mm Hg,P＜0.000 01),而与普萘洛尔相比差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.41 mm Hg,95％CI:-4.46～5.28 mm Hg,P=0.87);ARB与空自对照相似,对心率无明显影响(P＞0.05),但普萘洛尔与ARB相比则可显著降低病人心率(WMD=-21.25,95％CI:- 25.83～(- 16.68),P＜0.000 01).③ARB对病人血清胆红素及肌酐的影响与安慰剂或空白对照相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); ARB组其他不良反应发生率(P=0.03)高于安慰剂,而与普萘洛尔组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.72).结论 ARB可有效降低肝硬化PHT病人的门静脉压力,其疗效及对血压的影响与普萘洛尔相似,对心率及肝肾功能无明显影响,不良反应相对较少,可能成为肝硬化PTH治疗的一种新选择.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体及其拮抗剂对肾脏损伤和高糖诱导巨噬细胞的影响

目的探究糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾脏损伤与血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)的表达及巨噬细胞浸润之间的关系,以及AT1R拮抗剂氯沙坦对巨噬细胞的调控作用。方法收集不同病理分期的DN患者肾穿刺样本,并收集肾癌患者的癌旁组织作为癌旁对照组,免疫组化法检测不同病理分期患者肾组织中AT1R的表达以及CD68阳性巨噬细胞的浸润;从医院HIS系统调取患者信息,比较肾穿刺前服用过血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体拮抗剂(ARB)类药物的患者与未服用过ARB类药物的患者之间巨噬细胞浸润的改变。细胞实验以骨髓来源的巨噬细胞作为研究对象,高糖作为刺激因素,不同浓度的氯沙坦作为干预因素;采用流式细胞术测定巨噬细胞的纯度、共刺激分子的表达以及吞噬能力;采用实时荧光定量PCR法以及Elisa法测定各组细胞中炎症因子、巨噬细胞分型标记物的mRNA及蛋白表达;应用一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒检测各组细胞培养上清液中NO的表达。结果与癌旁对照组相比,DNⅢ型和Ⅳ型患者的肾脏中AT1R的表达有明显上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着DNⅢ型和Ⅳ型患者的肾脏中AT1R的表达上升,巨噬细胞浸润明显增加(P0.05)。此外,在相同病理分期的患者中,服用过ARB类药物的患者较未服用的患者其肾组织中的巨噬细胞浸润明显减少(P0.05)。细胞实验结果进一步证实使用氯沙坦干预后能显著减少巨噬细胞活化,抑制高糖诱导的巨噬细胞M1型分化。结论 AT1R在肾脏中的表达水平及巨噬细胞浸润程度与DN患者肾脏损伤程度成正相关,ARB类药物能减轻DN患者肾脏组织中巨噬细胞浸润及活化。     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体在人胃癌细胞株中的表达及血管紧张素Ⅱ对MKN-28细胞增殖和周期的影响

目的:探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)1型受体(angiotensinⅡtype 1 receptor,AT1R)在人胃癌细胞株中的表达及AngⅡ对AT1R高表达胃癌细胞(MKN-28)增殖和周期的影响。方法 :采用Western印迹法检测AT1R在胃癌细胞中的表达。应用不同浓度的AngⅡ(10-10~10-5mol/L)、AT1R阻滞剂(氯沙坦)以及AngⅡ2型受体(angiotensinⅡtype 2 receptor,AT2R)阻滞剂(PD123319)作用于MKN-28细胞,以CCK-8法测定各处理组细胞的相对数目,计算增殖促进效应;应用流式细胞仪检测各处理组细胞周期变化,计算各处理因素对细胞周期的影响。结果:AT1R在多数胃癌细胞株中表达,其中MKN-28细胞株表达量最高,AngⅡ可明显促进MKN-28细胞增殖以及G1期细胞向S、G2期转化,氯沙坦可明显抑制AngⅡ对MKN-28细胞的促增殖及促进G1期细胞向S、G2期转化的作用,PD123319无此作用。结论:AngⅡ通过AT1R明显促进MKN-28细胞增殖,促进G1期细胞向S、G2期转化。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ及其受体在人肝癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)及血管紧张素ⅡⅠ型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type Ⅰ receptor,AT1R)在人肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其与肝癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法 分析行手术切除的45例肝癌和癌旁组织以及12例正常肝组织的AngⅡ及AT1 R的表达情况.结果 45例肝癌组织中39例Ang Ⅱ表达阳性(86.67%),41例AT1R表达阳性(91.11%);45例癌旁组织中7例Ang Ⅱ表达阳性(15.56%),10例AT1R表达阳性(22.22%).正常肝组织标本Ang Ⅱ及AT1 R表达均阴性.Ang Ⅱ及AT1 R在肝癌组织中的表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、HbsAg(+/-)、AFP和肝硬化背景无关(P＞0.05),临床分期高及病理分级高两者的表达显著性高于分期低及分级低者(P＜0.01).结论 AngⅡ及AT1R在肝癌组织中的表达升高,并且随肝癌的分期及病理分级表达增高,表明Ang Ⅱ及AT1R与肝癌的发生、发展及转移有关.     

Early changes of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin Ⅱ in patients with acute cerebral injury

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes and clinical significance of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AT-II) in patients with acute moderate and severe cerebral injury. METHODS: The early plasma concentration was checked by radioimmunoassay in 47 cases of acute moderate and severe cerebral injury, 30 cases of non-cerebral injury and 30 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The early plasma concentrations of AVP (50.23 ng/L +/- 15.31 ng/L) and AT-II (248.18 ng/L +/- 82.47 ng/L) in cerebral injury group were higher than those in non-cerebral injury group (AVP for 30.91 ng/L +/- 11.48 ng/L and AT-II for 120.67 ng/L +/- 42.49 ng/L, P<0.01). The early plasma concentrations of AVP and AT-II in cerebral injury group were also obviously higher than those of the volunteers (AVP for 5.16 ng/L +/- 4.23 ng/L and AT-II for 43.11 ng/L +/- 16.39 ng /L, P<0.001). At the same time, the early plasma level of AVP (58.90 ng/L +/- 18.12 ng/L) and AT-II (292.13 ng/L +/- 101.17 ng/ L) was higher in severe cerebral injured patients than moderate cerebral injured ones (AVP for 36.68 ng/L +/- 12.16 ng/L and AT-II for 201.42 ng/L +/- 66.10 ng/L, P<0.01). The early level of AVP and AT-II was negatively related to the GCS scales in acute cerebral injury. The early plasma concentrations of AVP (45.98 ng/L +/- 13.48 ng/L) and AT-II (263. 28 ng/L +/- 80.23 ng/L) were lower in epidural hematoma group than those of subdural hematoma and cerebral injury group (AVP for 64.12 ng/L +/- 15.56 ng /L and AT-II for 319.82 ng/L +/- 108.11 ng/L, P<0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: AVP and AT-II may play an important role in pathophysiologic process in the secondary cerebral injury. The more severe the cerebral injury is, the higher the early level of AVP and AT-II will be. The early plasma level of AVP and AT-II may be one of the severity indexes of cerebral injury.     

先兆子痫大鼠循环、胎盘及肾脏局部血管紧张素Ⅱ及其1型受体的表达

目的 研究先兆子痫大鼠模型循环系统、胎盘及肾脏局部血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及其1型受体（AT1）的表达。 方法 采用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）制备大鼠先兆子痫模型，分别比较先兆子痫大鼠、正常妊娠大鼠、未孕对照组大鼠动脉收缩压（SBP）、尿蛋白量(24 h)、肝肾功能，并对各组大鼠肾组织进行光镜检查。ELISA法和放射性免疫法分别测定各组大鼠血浆及肾脏局部匀浆液AngⅡ水平。Western印迹法检测大鼠胎盘局部AT1表达。免疫组化法及Western印迹法测定大鼠肾脏局部AT1的表达。 结果 在先兆子痫大鼠中，SBP及尿蛋白量(24 h)均较未孕对照组显著升高（P < 0.05）。先兆子痫大鼠血浆AngⅡ显著高于正常妊娠组[（0.706±0.086） ng/L比(0.540±0.085) ng/L，P < 0.05]；胎盘局部AT1表达比正常妊娠组升高46％（P < 0.05）；肾脏局部AngⅡ明显低于正常妊娠组[(65.543±40.634) ng/g比(165.543±33.078) ng/g，P < 0.05]；肾脏AT1表达减少，仅为正常妊娠组及未孕对照组的33％及59％（P < 0.05）。 结论 先兆子痫中，胎盘局部RAS表达增强，循环AngⅡ表达增高，肾脏局部RAS表达下调。     

HBV-DNA阳性血清对系膜细胞增殖及其AT_1RmRNA和AT_2RmRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨携带HBV无肾损害者和乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）患者HBV-DNA阳性血清对体外培养系膜细胞增殖及AT1RmRNA、AT2RmRNA表达的影响,并初步探讨其临床意义。方法：以体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞为对象,分别用健康人血清、携带HBV无肾损害者和HBV-GN患者HBV-DNA阳性血清刺激,采用噻唑蓝比色法（MTT）检测各组系膜细胞增殖水平,逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测各组系膜细胞AT1RmRNA、AT2RmRNA的表达水平。结果：携带HBV无肾损害者和HBV-GN患者的两种HBV-DNA阳性血清可刺激系膜细胞增殖明显,其中48h高浓度组及72h中高浓度组与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义。但携带HBV无肾损害者和HBV-GN患者的两种HBV-DNA阳性血清对系膜细胞增殖的影响差异无统计学意义。从单一指标来看,携带HBV无肾损害者和HBV-GN患者的两种HBV-DNA阳性血清对系膜细胞表达AT1RmRNA和AT2RmRNA的改变与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义,但两组之间比较无明显差别。而从AT1RmRNA/AT2RmRNA比值来看,携带HBV无肾损害者和HBV-GN患者的两种HBV-DNA阳性血清同时使AT1RmRNA/AT2RmRNA比值上调,尤其在HBV-GN患者中48h中高浓度组和72h组AT1RmRNA/AT2RmRNA比值较携带HBV无肾损害者显著增加。结论：HBV-GN患者含高滴度HBV-DNA血清可导致系膜AT1RmRNA/AT2RmRNA表达失调,可能参与系膜细胞增殖,促进肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化。