应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

创伤后虎口重度挛缩的显微外科修复

目的　总结应用外科皮瓣移植修复创伤后虎口重度挛缩的临床疗效,探讨重度虎口挛缩的治疗与康复。　方法　从1991年1 月至 2001 年 7 月,采用前臂骨间背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复 18例,桡动脉鼻烟窝筋膜穿支皮瓣修复9例,示指近节背侧局部转移皮瓣修复 8 例,旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂腹股沟皮管修复8例,以物理测量评价临床疗效,对所有数据进行统计学分析。　结果　临床应用 43例,术后41例皮瓣全部成活,2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,术后随访 6~24 个月。术后 6 个月,虎口宽度成人平均增加35 mm,儿童增加34 mm;虎口角度成人平均增加55°,儿童增加60°。　结论　应用外科皮瓣治疗均能够有效开大虎口,应根据患者年龄、损伤机制、局部软组织条件、虎口畸形程度选择适宜的手术方案。     

重度虎口挛缩的改良修复

目的探讨重度虎口挛缩行虎口开大皮瓣修复术同时拇对掌功能重建的治疗效果。方法12例病人分别用食指近节背侧皮瓣、鼻烟窝皮瓣、前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复虎口，同时用环指指屈浅肌腱、尺侧伸腕肌腱 拇短伸肌腱、尺侧伸腕肌腱 掌长肌腱，行拇对掌功能重建，术后配合训练。结果12例病人皮瓣全部成活，经6～15个月随访，拇指内收得到彻底或部分矫正，对掌和抓握力获得了很好的恢复。结论重度虎口挛缩在行虎口开大皮瓣修复同时一期拇对掌功能重建，术后功能恢复好，操作技术容易，值得推广。     

双穿支蒂虎口背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇示指软组织缺损

目的 介绍双穿支蒂虎口背侧逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用体会.方法 对拇、示指较大面积软组织缺损,采用双穿支蒂虎口背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复,临床应用15例.结果 术后皮瓣均顺利存活,随访时间为3～6个月,皮瓣外观满意,功能恢复良好,虎口开大达80°以上,不影响拇、示指的对捏、对掌功能.结论 双穿支蒂虎口背侧逆行岛状皮瓣是修复拇、示指较大面积软组织缺损的较好术式.     

示指背侧皮瓣移植失败原因探讨

目的　探讨示指背侧皮瓣的应用解剖、手术要点。方法　回顾性分析自 2 0 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 9月经治的 2 5例应用指背侧皮瓣的临床资料。拇指末节背侧缺损 12例 ,尺掌侧缺损 11例 ,虎口开大者 2例。拇指末端缺损最大面积 2 .6cm× 4 .5 cm ,最小面积 2 cm× 3cm,虎口开大者皮肤缺损面积分别是 3cm× 7cm和 4 cm× 8cm。第 1掌背动脉偏示指型的 16例 ,中间型的 4例 ,偏拇指型的 2例 ,缺如型的 1例。虎口开大者行示指背侧轴形皮瓣局部转移的 2例。结果　 2 5例示指背侧皮瓣全部获得随访 ,随访时间 1～ 8个月 ,平均 4 .5个月。皮瓣全部成活。结论　因第 1掌背动脉存在变异 ,行示指背侧皮瓣手术时要因型而异 ,不解剖分离第 1掌背动脉、静脉、神经 ,按要求保留筋膜蒂的宽度     

上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩及一期示指外展功能重建

目的探讨上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩并一期行示指固有伸肌腱转移重建示指外展功能的疗效。方法 2007年3月-2011年6月,收治16例机器挤压伤致虎口重度挛缩伴示指外展功能障碍患者。男14例,女2例;年龄16～42岁,平均29岁。伤后至此次入院时间为6～24个月,平均10个月。虎口张开角度10～25°,平均20°;虎口宽度15～24 mm,平均22 mm。手术彻底切除虎口瘢痕组织后,软组织缺损范围为6 cm×4 cm～8 cm×6 cm;采用大小为7 cm×5 cm～9 cm×7 cm的上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复虎口缺损,示指固有伸肌腱转移重建示指外展功能。供区植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣及供区植皮均成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。14例患者获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均9个月。皮瓣质地饱满,外观满意;术后6个月虎口区皮瓣两点辨别觉为6～9 mm,平均7 mm。虎口张开角度为85～90°,平均88°;虎口宽度为34～52 mm,平均40 mm。拇指外展、对掌功能及示指外展功能恢复。结论应用上臂外侧游离皮瓣修复重度虎口挛缩同时行示指外展功能重建手术,具有可一次完成虎口开大、重建示指外展功能、兼顾外形等优点。     

一期拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形

目的探讨一期掌骨截骨、拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形的临床疗效。方法 2013年1月—2017年3月收治铲状手畸形患儿8例。男5例,女3例;年龄13～35个月,平均17.5个月。患儿均表现为手指完全并指的"平板样"畸形,患手较健侧短小;所有对侧手均无异常,均未合并胸部、头颅、面部畸形。手术均采用掌骨截骨、拇指对掌功能重建并通过掌背矩形瓣重建虎口、多边形皮瓣旋转重建拇指指蹼及拇示指甲侧襞,拇指尺背侧及示指桡侧近节通过植皮修复。术后采用手功能评定专用游标卡尺测量患手虎口距离,拇指功能采取改良Tada评分评价。结果 8例患儿对掌功能重建与虎口成形均一期完成,术后拇指尺背侧及示指桡侧植皮均成活。患儿均获随访,随访时间13～29个月,平均16.1个月。术后无皮瓣坏死、拇指侧偏、虎口挛缩等并发症发生。末次随访时所有患儿虎口区皮肤颜色与健侧无明显区别;患手虎口开大距离3.5～5.0 cm,平均4.2 cm;术后拇指功能采用改良Tada评分,获优7例、良1例,优良率100%。术后拇指均可主动行抓握、对捏等动作,对掌功能良好。结论一期拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形术后手部功能改善良好,皮瓣设计合理能有效覆盖重要区域,手术安全可靠。     

简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗虎口区皮肤缺损

目的探讨简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗虎口区皮肤缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2016-02采用简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗的16例虎口区皮肤缺损,于拇指近节基底及第2掌骨颈背侧或示指近节基底背侧各置入1枚克氏针,并用1枚克氏针连接撑开固定。虎口创面行髂腹股沟皮瓣或腹部Z形皮瓣修复。结果 16例均获随访6~18个月,平均14个月。皮瓣全部成活,1例稍臃肿。1例出现近节指骨轻度尺偏畸形,去除外固定架理疗后改善。所有患者虎口距离可达健侧的96%以上,手的握持功能较好。结论简易克氏针外固定架及腹部皮瓣技术治疗虎口区皮肤缺损方法简单,手术时间短,可有效预防虎口挛缩,疗效满意。     

重度虎口挛缩的显微外科修复与一期拇对掌功能重建

目的研究重度虎口挛缩伴拇对掌功能障碍者,在解除挛缩、皮瓣修复虎口的同时行环指指浅屈肌腱转位重建拇对掌功能的手术疗效。方法 1996年-2005年,对18例重度虎口挛缩伴拇指对掌功能障碍者在切除虎口周围瘢痕组织和粘连带后,将环指指浅屈肌腱转位重建拇外展功能,用鼻烟窝皮瓣、骨间前动脉背侧支皮瓣或尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣逆行转移修复虎口皮肤缺损,并用弓形针固定拇指于外展对掌位。结果术后随访6～12个月,18例患者虎口角平均增大60°(35°-70°),虎口宽度平均增加40mm(35-55mm),恢复了拇指外展对掌功能。结论重度虎口挛缩在解除其挛缩开大虎口的同时行拇外展功能重建手术,具有一次完成虎口开大及恢复对掌功能的优点。     

The first dorsal metacarpal flap in first web space and thumb reconstruction

Small local flaps for reconstruction of contractures or defects on the hand are useful. The first dorsal metacarpal flap from the dorsal surface of the proximal index is a convenient local flap in hand surgery. The flap may include the dorsal vein and, most importantly, the cutaneous branch of radial nerve. Although there may be some variations of the vascular pedicle, the flap is reliable using careful dissection. In a series of 15 patients, reconstruction with this flap was successful except for 1 patient with marginal necrosis. The first dorsal metacarpal flap is a reliable and convenient local flap in reconstruction of defects or contracture on the thumb and first web space.     

Correction of thumb deformities after burn: versatility of first dorsal metacarpal artery flap

In the management of a debilitated burned hand due to contractures, thumb reconstruction constitutes the most crucial part for a beneficial functional outcome. Among the limited local flap alternatives for the thumb, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap, harvested from the dorsal aspect of the index finger can provide elastic, durable and sensate coverage for soft tissue defects after contracture release. In a 3-year period, neurovascular island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used in 14 patients suffering thumb deformities. The time elapsed after the underlying injury until reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 17 years. Follow-up revealed that all deformities were successfully treated with satisfactory functional recovery and cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity was minimal with an acceptable scar on the dorsum of the index finger and adequate tendon gliding without producing extension deficit. Our experience with management of deformities involving the thumb and/or adjacent thenar area revealed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap is a reliable local neurovascular island flap option, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensation, elasticity, durability and skin-match.     

第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2005年8月-2012年10月,采用第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损35例,术后随访3-24个月。结果本组35例皮瓣成活良好,外观满意,两点辨别觉达6-10mm,无虎口挛缩,拇食指的对捏、对掌功能恢复良好。结论第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损操作简单,供血血管变异率低,无需再次手术断蒂,也可制成带血运的掌骨、伸肌腱复合组织瓣,且能携带掌背皮神经重建感觉,值得临床推广。     

第一掌骨背逆行筋膜皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指皮肤缺损的新型逆行筋膜皮瓣。方法取１０只新鲜尸体手，从桡动脉灌注红色乳胶，对第一掌骨背及拇指指背软组织的血管进行显微解剖，根据其血管分布设计成第一掌骨背逆行筋膜皮瓣。自甲根部桡侧缘至第一掌骨同侧背侧缘的连线为轴心线，其蒂部宜设在拇指指间关节近侧１ｃｍ以近的轴心线上。结果第一掌骨背及拇指指背软组织的血供主要由拇指两条指掌侧固有动脉向指背侧发出的分支，在指背筋膜内与两侧指背动脉及桡神经浅支伴行血管（桡、尺侧各２条）形成的血管网提供。１９９６年２月～１９９７年９月，临床应用该皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损６例，皮瓣全部成活。结论第一掌骨背及拇指指背软组织血供丰富，可形成第一掌骨背逆行筋膜皮瓣。该皮瓣设计合理、血供可靠、操作简便，适用于修复拇指，尤其是拇指桡侧皮肤的缺损     

Combined first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and dorsal transposition flap for correction of extensive first web space contracture: a case report and literature review

First web space contracture is a common sequela after hand trauma and exerts tremendously negative effects on hand function. To restore hand function, it is mandatory to release contracted first web structures, which usually results in a large skin defect. Dorsal transposition flaps sometimes are not sufficient to cover the whole defect. Microvascular flaps provide abundant soft tissue, but they are lengthy procedures and exhibit risks of complete flap failure. In this study, we present an alternative approach to address this difficult clinical problem. A 25-year-old man developed extensive contracture over the first web space after trauma. After release of the contracted structures, the extensive skin defect was covered by a dorsal transposition flap with an extension to the territory of the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. The functional and cosmetic results were excellent, without recurrence of contracture postoperatively. The combined first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and dorsal transposition flap appeared to be an effective and relatively simple method for the reconstruction of severe first web space contracture.     

An alternative approach in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture skin defects: first dorsal metacarpal artery island flap

Skin defects are often present following surgery for Dupuytren's contracture. The first dorsal metacarpal artery island flap (FDMA) has been used by others for soft tissue reconstruction about the radial and dorsal aspect of the hand, thumb and fingers. We have used it successfully to fill the skin defects often seen following palmar fasciectomy for Dupuytren's contracture. The thin nature of the flap makes it suitable for this application. The FDMA arises from the radial artery just before the radial artery enters the first dorsal interosseous muscle and divides into three branches: 1 to the thumb, 1 to the index finger (radiodorsal branch) and a muscular branch. It is the radiodorsal branch that supplies the skin over the index finger. The island flap based on this artery includes the dorsal terminal branches of the radial nerve and venae comitantes. The flap is formed to include the fascia of the first dorsal interosseous muscle to avoid injury to a possible deep artery and to yield sufficient fat to promote venous drainage. The flap is passed subcutaneously through the first web space and sutured in place to cover the skin defect in the palm. A full thickness skin graft is used to cover the defect over the proximal phalanx of the index finger.     

第一趾蹼处三叶皮瓣治疗多手指屈曲畸形

目的 介绍应用第一趾蹼处三叶皮瓣治疗多手指屈曲畸形的临床效果。方法 对5例11指屈曲畸形的患者，应用第一趾蹼处拇趾腓侧皮瓣、第二趾趾腹皮瓣及跖底皮瓣组成的三叶皮瓣进行修复。皮瓣以第一跖背或跖底动脉为主干，带跖背静脉，与患指掌侧总动脉或掌浅弓及掌背静脉吻合。结果 术后皮瓣全部存活。4例获得6个月～2年随访，1例失访。4例9指伸直位，手指伸屈功能良好，皮瓣饱满，质地及外形好。皮瓣两点分辨觉为5～7mm。足部供区有瘢痕，行走无影响。结论 第一趾蹼处三叶皮瓣是修复相邻2～3指严重瘢痕增生或手指严重屈曲畸形矫形术后掌侧软组织缺损的理想皮瓣之一。     

虎口挛缩的皮瓣修复

目的 介绍虎口挛缩的皮瓣修复体会.方法 回顾1985年以来诊治的112例116个虎口挛缩病例,就其皮瓣修复的手术适应证及预后进行总结分析.结果 术后116个皮瓣完全成活112个,有4例前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣尖端有3.0 cm×1.5 cm表皮坏死,经换药后愈合.有16例皮瓣在术后3～6个月再次行皮瓣整形术.术后随访1～24个月,平均4.5个月.虎口饱满,外形满意,皮色正常,无继发挛缩;拇指对掌、内收、外展功能均近于正常.移位皮瓣在术后3个月开始恢复感觉功能.结论 恰当的皮瓣移植修复可以保证虎口的外形及功能的恢复.