影响脊髓损伤患者出院时日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响脊髓损伤(SCI)患者出院时日常生活活动(ADL)能力的相关因素.方法 对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤(发病)时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析.结果 出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关.结论 通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善.入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响脊髓损伤（SCI）患者出院时日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。 方法对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤（发病）时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析。 结果出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关。 结论通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善。入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大。     

康复干预时机对不同程度脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响

目的:研究不同程度的脊髓损伤患者在不同时机康复介入时神经及功能恢复情况。方法:对2004年12月—2009年6月入住康复病房的96例脊髓损伤患者进行回顾性分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录患者的一般情况(性别、年龄)和损伤情况(病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤或发病时间、入院时间、出院时间等),并记录出入院MBI评分、ASIA评分。结果:完全性SCI患者康复介入时机≤90d和90d间比较时,MBI评分增加值、ASIA针刺觉评分增加值、ASIA轻触觉评分增加值无明显差异,ASIA运动评分增加值、康复治疗时间有差异;不完全性SCI患者康复介入时机≤90d和90d间比较时,康复治疗时间无明显差异,MBI评分增加值、ASIA轻触觉评分增加值、ASIA运动评分增加值、ASIA针刺觉评分增加值有差异;康复介入时机≤90d时,完全性与不完全性SCI患者间比较,ASIA针刺觉评分增加值、康复治疗时间无明显差异,MBI评分增加值、ASIA轻触觉评分增加值、ASIA运动评分增加值有差异;康复介入时机90d时,完全性与不完全性SCI患者间比较,MBI评分增加值、ASIA轻触觉评分增加值、ASIA针刺觉评分增加值无明显差异,ASIA运动评分增加值、康复治疗时间有差异。结论:早期介入康复治疗可促进不同程度SCI患者神经功能的恢复,尤其是对不完全性SCI患者。     

汶川地震脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动能力预后的相关因素分析

目的：探讨汶川地震脊髓损伤患者治疗前后影响日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。方法：选择可能对脊髓损伤患者临床预后有影响的因素,以入院康复治疗2个月后改良Barthel指数（MBI）为预后指标,进行回顾性和多因素分析。入选病例为35例地震致脊髓损伤患者。结果：经康复治疗2个月后,患者的MBI从治疗前的15.17提高到58.71。治疗后的ADL能力与年龄、康复介入时机、治疗前ADL评分不相关;与ASIA损伤等级、神经平面呈正相关;与受压时间、并发症数呈负相关。结论： ASIA损伤等级、神经平面、受压时间、并发症数都是影响地震致脊髓损伤患者ADL能力预后的主要因素。     

成年脊髓损伤患者功能结局的预测模型研究

目的探索影响成年脊髓损伤患者功能结局的相关因素并构建预测模型。方法对2016年9月至2018年12月110例成年脊髓损伤截瘫住院患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,系统收集可能影响功能预后的量化指标,包括年龄,住院天数,其他诊断数量,并发症数量,合并症数量,手术次数,发病到康复治疗介入的天数,出院和入院时的脊髓损伤神经学分类国际标准下肢运动总分(LEMS)、轻触觉(LT)总分、针刺觉(PP)总分以及改良Barthel指数(MBI),计算出入院MBI总分(MBI入院)的变化值及变换率,进行各变量间的单因素相关性分析,并对影响出院MBI总分(MBI出院)及出入院MBI总分变化值(MBI变化)的因素进行多元线性回归建模。结果 MBI出院与MBI入院、入院LEMS (LEMS入院)、入院PP总分、入院LT总分、发病到康复治疗介入的天数、手术次数和合并症数量共7个变量显著相关;最优回归方程:MBI出院=28.24+0.52×MBI入院+0.24×LEMS入院-1.23×合并症数量(R2=0.64, P 0.001)。MBI变化与MBI入院、发病到康复治疗介入的天数和住院天数3个变量显著相关;最优回归方程:MBI变化=18.44-0.29×MBI入院+0.06×住院天数(R2=0.29,P 0.001)。结论脊髓损伤患者入院时功能状态好,运动评分高,合并症少,住院时间长,则预期功能恢复良好。     

康复医学科脑梗死患者出院时ADL能力的影响因素分析

[目的]探讨影响康复医学科脑梗死患者出院时日常生活活动能力(the activities of daily living,ADL)的影响因素.[方法]回顾性分析脑梗死患者118例的临床资料,通过单、多因素分析影响患者出院时ADL能力的可能因素.[结果]患者入院时改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI、康复介入时间、入院时上肢Brunnstrom分期、是否再发脑梗等4因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,是影响康复医学科脑梗死患者出院时ADL能力的主要因素.[结论]早期介入康复治疗、患者发病程度轻重和预防脑梗死再发是影响脑梗死患者出院时ADL能力的主要因素,对指导临床合理制定康复方案和评估患者预后有重要指导意义.     

CARF理念对胸腰段脊髓损伤患者肢体运动功能及ADL的影响

目的:探讨国际康复机构质量认证委员会(CARF)理念对胸腰段脊髓损伤患者肢体运动功能及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法:96例胸腰段脊髓损伤患者根据我院CARF认证的时间节点,分为认证前1年(第1组)、认证后第1年(第2组)及第2年(第3组)。第1组行常规康复治疗,第2、3组在CARF理念指导下行康复治疗。用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级运动评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、治疗效果和治疗效率对患者进行评定。结果:治疗45d后,第2组ASIA运动评分、MBI评分较第1组均明显提高(均P<0.05),第3组MBI评分较第1组明显提高(P<0.05)。出院时,第2、3组ASIA运动评分、MBI评分较第1组均明显提高(均P<0.05),且第3组MBI评分更高于第2组(P<0.05)。第3组治疗效果明显优于第1组(P<0.05),3组间治疗效率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:CARF理念可以改善胸腰段脊髓损伤住院患者的康复流程,提高患者肢体运动功能和日常生活能力。     

应用ASIA标准等评价脊髓锐器伤早期康复疗效

目的 对脊髓锐器伤的早期康复疗效进行初步分析。方法 对1992~2004年40例脊髓锐器伤患者和50例脊髓挫裂伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用ASIA标准(2000年修订)评价脊髓神经功能,FIM评分评价脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动(ADL)能力。结果 经过综合治疗,脊髓锐器伤患者出院时的ASIA评分和 ADL评分均较入院时提高,且提高的幅度明显大于脊髓挫裂伤( P <0.05~0.01)。结论 脊髓锐器伤应采取综合康复方法,其预后优于脊髓挫裂伤。     

康复治疗对脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响

目的　研究不同水平、不同程度的脊髓损伤患者经过综合康复治疗后的功能恢复情况。方法　采用神经生理学方法配合传统疗法及矫形器的应用 ,对 50例患者进行了系统的康复治疗 ,用ASIA标准评分、ADLBarthel指数、Lindmark法中的平衡、转移能力和Ashworth痉挛分级评定SCI患者的功能状况。结果　治疗后 ,脊髓部分损伤者ASIA运动评分有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,感觉评分亦明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA运动评分有明显提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,颈髓完全损伤者ASIA感觉评分和胸腰髓完全损伤者ASIA运动、感觉评分虽有改善 ,但差异无显著性意义 ,(P >0 .0 5) ;颈髓完全损伤者ADL平衡和转移能力均无明显改善 (P >0 .0 5) ,其他患者ADL、平衡和转移能力均有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1)。痉挛随病程的延长而加重 ,以颈部为明显 (P <0 .0 5)。使用步行矫形器后 ,5例完全性T10 以下截瘫患者达到了功能性步行。结论　综合康复治疗能显著改善和提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能和综合功能 ,其中以平衡和转移能力改善最为显著 (P <0 .0 1)。     

体感诱发电位和日常生活活动能力评估在脊髓损伤康复中的应用

目的:通过对体感诱发电位(SEPs)和日常生活能力(ADL)的评估,观察不同程度胸腰段脊髓损伤(SCI)的康复效果,以及体感诱发电位的应用价值.方法:选取脊髓损伤患者19例,按照美国脊髓损伤学会脊髓损伤程度的分级(ASIA)对患者进行分类.所有患者都进行为期1个月的运动治疗、作业治疗、神经肌肉电刺激、支具和心理治疗.康复治疗前后分别对患者进行ADL评定及SEPs检查.结果:A、B、C、D级脊髓损伤患者ADL评分和SEPs相关指标,康复前后比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05),不同病程康复前后比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05),而且ADL评分和SEPs之间存在直线相关性.结论:SEPs和ADL是两种不同而又互补的评估方法,两者结合,能够准确评估康复效果,对不同类型脊髓损伤的康复价值不一.     

Gender-related differences in acute rehabilitation lengths of stay, charges, and functional outcomes for a matched sample with spinal cord injury: a multicenter investigation

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of gender on length of stay (LOS), treatment costs, and outcomes by using a matched sample of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: A 2 x (15 x 3) mixed, block design was used retrospectively to analyze the impact of gender on subjects matched for age, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor impairment classification, and level of neurologic injury. SETTING: Twenty medical centers in the federally sponsored Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems project. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seventy-four adult patients with SCI admitted between 1988 and 1998 were assessed at acute-care admission, inpatient rehabilitation admission, and inpatient rehabilitation discharge. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ASIA motor index and FIM instrument admission, discharge, and efficiency scores; rehabilitation LOS and medical care charges; and discharge disposition. RESULTS: Analysis revealed no gender-related differences in FIM motor scores on admission and discharge. No differences in FIM motor efficiencies or daily change were observed. No significant differences were found for ASIA motor scores on acute-care admission and rehabilitation discharge. No differences in acute rehabilitation LOS and charges were observed. No gender-related differences were seen in the likelihood of discharge to an institutional setting. CONCLUSION: Gender was not a significant factor in functional outcome of SCI patients after acute rehabilitation.     

Early rehabilitation effect for traumatic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural course of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and the effect of early rehabilitation on it. DESIGN: A retrospective, multicenter study. SETTING: Sixteen Rosai hospitals and 1 medical school. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-three SCI patients (104 men, 19 women; mean age, 48.8 +/- 17.7yr) enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Dividing the subjects into an early rehabilitation group and a delayed group; differences were ensured by international classification of SCI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classifications, the motor recovery rate (MRR) was defined as (ASIA motor score at discharge - ASIA motor score at admission)/(100 - ASIA motor score at admission). The regression lines for FIM instrument score and ASIA motor score were determined for 6 subgroups (early or delayed tetraplegia, central cord injury, paraplegia) by the MRR staging. The regression lines for physical or cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score were also determined for 6 subgroups. RESULTS: Three stages were obtained: acute stage: 2 weeks postinjury; recovery stage: 2 weeks to 6 months postinjury; and chronic stage: more than 6 months postinjury. Regression lines showed that rehabilitation improved physical functional independence for ASIA motor score, especially in the early rehabilitation subgroups. There was no correlation between cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score in 6 subgroups. CONCLUSION: Early SCI rehabilitation contributes to good physical activities of daily living for motor function.     

A multicenter investigation of age-related differences in lengths of stay, hospitalization charges, and outcomes for a matched tetraplegia sample.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of age at injury on lengths of stay, treatment costs, and outcomes using a matched sample of tetraplegic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. DESIGN: Differences were examined by separating the sample into three age categories (18 to 34, 35 to 64, and 65+ years old) matched for American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Motor Impairment Classification and level of neurologic preservation bilaterally. Analysis of variance was used to examine age group differences for lengths of stay, medical expenses, and functional outcome. SETTING: Sixteen medical centers in the federally sponsored Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Project. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred seventy-five adult patients with tetraplegic SCI admitted between 1988 and 1996 were assessed at acute care admission, inpatient rehabilitation admission, and inpatient rehabilitation discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ASIA Motor Index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) admission, discharge, and efficiency scores; acute care and rehabilitation lengths of stay and medical care charges; and discharge disposition. RESULTS: Analyses revealed equivalent lengths of stay and charges for all age groups. There were no age-related differences in ASIA and FIM Motor scores at acute care and inpatient rehabilitation admission. Younger patients' scores on the FIM Motor subscale improved significantly more than did middle and older patients'. The two younger groups of patients had a more significant improvement than did older patients, as indicated by ASIA Motor Index scores. When taking lengths of stay into account, the FIM motor scores of the youngest group of patients improved more quickly than those of the two older groups. Furthermore, the younger and middle age groups demonstrated greater treatment efficiency than the older patient group based on ASIA Motor Index score ratios. Younger patients were least likely to be discharged to institutional settings. CONCLUSIONS: Along with neurologic and functional status, age should be considered when formulating treatment plans and prognostic statements. For older patients, alternative rehabilitation settings with lower-intensity treatment and lower charges may prove to be a more efficacious use of resources.     

脊髓损伤恢复期运动治疗的临床分析

目的 分析脊髓损伤患者恢复期运动治疗的效果及相关因素。方法 对1998年7月－2001年9月在我院康复医学科运动治疗部门训练的18例脊髓损伤患者进行分析。结果 ASIA运动评分和MBI在训练后有显著提高（P＜0．01），ASIA感觉评分训练前后无差异；痉挛严重程度与损伤时年龄及病程有很好的正相关（P＜0．05）；病程与治疗前MBI有很好的正相关（P＜0．05），MBI与ASIA运动评分有很好的正相关（P＜0．05）；家属护理人数与患者损伤时年龄，病程和治疗前MBI有很好的负相关（P＜0．05）；ASIA运动平均效率为0．13，MBI平均效率为0．56。结论 随着损伤时间的延长，痉挛会逐步加重；运动治疗有助于提高脊髓损伤患者的运动功能；患者生活自理能力的提高，可减少家属护理人数，减轻家庭负担。     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

Testosterone replacement therapy and motor function in men with spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate motor function in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). DESIGN: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) rehabilitation discharge motor index scores were compared between men with SCI given TRT (testosterone cypionate, 200 mg, monthly; n = 50) and a comparison group (n = 480) in a retrospective study. Covariates included admission motor and FIM scores, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), days since injury, and age. RESULTS: ASIA discharge motor scores for ASIA impairment scale grades C and D were significantly different (P < 0.05) in men with incomplete SCI given TRT, relative to the comparison group. The covariate-adjusted mean discharge score for the TRT group was higher than for the comparison group. There were no significant differences in discharge FIM scores (P = 0.34) for men with incomplete injuries and no differences in the adjusted discharge ASIA motor scores (P = 0.92) or adjusted discharge FIM scores (P = 0.16) for men with complete injuries. CONCLUSION: The data support a relationship between TRT and strength gains in men with residual motor function after SCI. Prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings.     

Prediction of functional outcome by motor capability after spinal cord injury

The relationship between early motor status and functional outcome after spinal cord injury (SCI) was evaluated prospectively in 52 quadriplegic and 26 paraplegic patients. Motor status was measured within 72 hours of injury and quantified with the Motor Index Score (MIS). Functional status was evaluated with the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). A senior physical therapist completed the MIS and the MBI when each patient was admitted to the spinal cord intensive care unit and every 30 days during rehabilitation. Early motor function was correlated with average daily improvement in functional status including self-care and mobility (p = .001). The initial MIS strongly correlated with functional status of quadriplegics at admission (p = .001), at 60 days, and at rehabilitation discharge (p = .001). In paraplegics, the overall MBI at admission, after 60 days of rehabilitation, and at discharge was not correlated with early motor function. However, the MIS correlated significantly with the MBI self-care subscore at 60 days and at discharge (p = .01), but not with the mobility subscore. The initial MIS was also significantly correlated to functional status at discharge in patients with complete lesions (p = .001), but was not related to functional status at discharge in patients with incomplete lesions. The MIS appears to be a useful tool in predicting function during rehabilitation, although individual differences in ambulation, particularly for patients with paraplegia, limit the predictive utility of this index.