复发性静脉性溃疡的原因分析及再处理方法

目的 分析复发性静脉溃疡的原因及再次手术策略.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年6月收治的复发性静脉性溃疡患者的临床资料.共73例患者81条肢体入组,男性55例(60条肢体),女性18例(21条肢体),平均年龄52.6岁(31～73岁).所有患者入院前均因下肢静脉溃疡接受过一次或数次手术.溃疡复发距上次手术8～37个月,平均10.6个月;溃疡直径1.3～6.5 cm,平均3.7 cm.再次手术前多普勒超声发现小腿交通静脉反流57条肢体(70.4%),原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全38条肢体(46.9%),DVT后遗症16条肢体(19.8%),大隐静脉属支残留11条肢体(13.6%),大隐静脉主干再通或残留8例(9.9%).针对存在的病因采取大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥及属支结扎、内镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎、溃疡周边环形缝扎、曲张静脉环形缝扎加切除、深静脉瓣膜修复术以及穿着弹力袜等治疗措施.结果 随访3～60个月,平均37.3个月.3个月时溃疡平均直径明显缩小,6个月时溃疡完全愈合,血流动力学指标明显改善.1年后3条肢体(3.7%)溃疡再次复发.结论 小腿交通静脉功能不全、深静脉瓣膜功能不全以及大隐静脉再通或属支残留是静脉性溃疡术后复发的主要原因,针对性的冉次手术仍然可以达到满意疗效.     

复发性静脉性溃疡的原因分析及再处理方法

目的 分析复发性静脉溃疡的原因及再次手术策略.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年6月收治的复发性静脉性溃疡患者的临床资料.共73例患者81条肢体入组,男性55例(60条肢体),女性18例(21条肢体),平均年龄52.6岁(31～73岁).所有患者入院前均因下肢静脉溃疡接受过一次或数次手术.溃疡复发距上次手术8～37个月,平均10.6个月;溃疡直径1.3～6.5 cm,平均3.7 cm.再次手术前多普勒超声发现小腿交通静脉反流57条肢体(70.4%),原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全38条肢体(46.9%),DVT后遗症16条肢体(19.8%),大隐静脉属支残留11条肢体(13.6%),大隐静脉主干再通或残留8例(9.9%).针对存在的病因采取大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥及属支结扎、内镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎、溃疡周边环形缝扎、曲张静脉环形缝扎加切除、深静脉瓣膜修复术以及穿着弹力袜等治疗措施.结果 随访3～60个月,平均37.3个月.3个月时溃疡平均直径明显缩小,6个月时溃疡完全愈合,血流动力学指标明显改善.1年后3条肢体(3.7%)溃疡再次复发.结论 小腿交通静脉功能不全、深静脉瓣膜功能不全以及大隐静脉再通或属支残留是静脉性溃疡术后复发的主要原因,针对性的冉次手术仍然可以达到满意疗效.     

复发性静脉性溃疡的原因分析及再处理方法

目的 分析复发性静脉溃疡的原因及再次手术策略.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2010年6月收治的复发性静脉性溃疡患者的临床资料.共73例患者81条肢体入组,男性55例(60条肢体),女性18例(21条肢体),平均年龄52.6岁(31～73岁).所有患者入院前均因下肢静脉溃疡接受过一次或数次手术.溃疡复发距上次手术8～37个月,平均10.6个月;溃疡直径1.3～6.5 cm,平均3.7 cm.再次手术前多普勒超声发现小腿交通静脉反流57条肢体(70.4%),原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全38条肢体(46.9%),DVT后遗症16条肢体(19.8%),大隐静脉属支残留11条肢体(13.6%),大隐静脉主干再通或残留8例(9.9%).针对存在的病因采取大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥及属支结扎、内镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎、溃疡周边环形缝扎、曲张静脉环形缝扎加切除、深静脉瓣膜修复术以及穿着弹力袜等治疗措施.结果 随访3～60个月,平均37.3个月.3个月时溃疡平均直径明显缩小,6个月时溃疡完全愈合,血流动力学指标明显改善.1年后3条肢体(3.7%)溃疡再次复发.结论 小腿交通静脉功能不全、深静脉瓣膜功能不全以及大隐静脉再通或属支残留是静脉性溃疡术后复发的主要原因,针对性的冉次手术仍然可以达到满意疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the potential causes and the optimal treatments of recurrent venous ulceration of lower limbs after initial operation. Methods Data of patients admitted between January 2000 and June 2010 for recurrent ulceration in lower limbs after previous operation were retrospectively analyzed. Altogether 81 limbs in 73 patients were recruited. There were 55 male patients (60 limbs) and 18 female patients (21 limbs). The average age was 52. 6 years(ranging from 31 to 73 years). All the patients had received at least one surgery procedures before recurrence. The average time between ulceration recurrence and the last operation was 10.6 months ( ranging from 5 to 37 months). Average diameter of ulcers was 3. 7 cm ( ranging from 1. 3 to 6. 5 cm) . Color duplex sonography before re-treatment revealed incompetent calf perforators in 57 limbs (70. 4% ) , primary deep vein insufficiency in 38 limbs (46. 9% ) ,post-DVT syndrome in 16 limbs (19. 8% ) , reflux of accessory saphenous veins in 11 limbs (13. 6% ) and residual/re-opened great saphenous vein in 8 limbs ( 9. 9% ) . Managements including stripping of great saphenous vein, ligation around the ulcer, percutanous ligation of varicose veins, valvoplasty, and adjuvant compressive therapy were adopted according to different venous abnormality. Results All the patients were followed. All the ulcers healed and hemodynamic indexes were greatly improved 6 months after re-operation.Only 3 limbs (3.7% ) suffered again from recurrence 1 year after re-operation. Conclusions Incompetent perforators in calf, primary or secondary deep vein insufficiency and incorrectly treated saphenous veins are main causes for recurrent venous ulceration in our series. Management of residual vein abnormalities can still achieve satisfying clinical outcome.     

下肢浅静脉曲张复发原因分析及再处理对策

目的:探讨下肢静脉曲张复发的原因及再处理策略。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年6月收治的复发性下肢浅静脉曲张病人的临床资料。219例病人共252条肢体入组,男76例(94条肢体),女143例(158条肢体);平均年龄(54.3±7.3)岁。所有病人入院前均接受过下肢静脉曲张治疗,静脉曲张平均复发时间为(12.7±4.1)(6～57)个月。再次手术前多普勒超声或术中探查发现,大隐静脉残端过长19条肢体(7.5%),双大隐静脉或残留大隐静脉主干49条肢体(19.4%),交通支瓣膜功能不全189条肢体(75.0%),初次手术时遗留大隐静脉属支34条肢体(13.5%),新生血管形成65条肢体(25.8%),大隐静脉曲张术后新发小隐静脉曲张10条肢体(3.4%)。针对病因采取相应措施。结果:平均随访(16.3±11.5)(3～42)个月,治疗后3个月溃疡直径明显缩小,6个月时溃疡完全愈合;患肢酸胀、沉重感消失。6条深静脉血栓后遗症肢体溃疡再次复发,经保守治疗好转。结论:下肢静脉曲张治疗后复发多为数种原因综合所致,有技术及治疗方案失误、静脉疾病本身进展、新生血管形成,根据静脉曲张复发的原因作处理,取得满意的治疗效果。     

复发性下肢静脉曲张再手术原因分析

目的:探讨分析复发性下肢静脉曲张再手术的原因。方法:总结63例复发性下肢静脉曲张患者的临床资料,应用彩色多普勒和顺行静脉造影了解下肢深静脉和交通支瓣膜功能。结果:63例中52例为下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,11例为交通支瓣膜功能不全伴隐静脉主干及其部分属支残留。结论:有效修复深静脉瓣膜功能,结扎和离断相应属支及交通支,阻断静脉的反流,纠正3个静脉系统及溃疡周围的血液滞留,是防治下肢静脉曲张术后复发的主要措施。     

下肢浅静脉曲张术后复发的原因分析及防治

目的:探讨下肢浅静脉曲张术后复发的因素及防治方法。方法:回顾性分析我院从2007年10月～2010年12月收治的下肢静脉曲张术后复发患者38例(41条肢体)。复发原因分别是:21条肢体为小腿交通静脉功能不全,10条肢体为大隐静脉主干再通,6条肢体为小隐静脉主干未处理,3条肢体为下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,1条肢体为双大隐静脉畸形。结果:针对38例患者不同的复发原因,均采取再次手术治疗,分别随访1～3年无复发。结论:根据下肢静脉曲张程度和病因采取针对性手术,重视交通静脉的处理和大隐静脉的高位结扎,是预防术后复发的关键。     

腔内激光联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的实验和临床研究

目的评价改进腔内激光(EVLT)联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效。方法下肢静脉曲张90例116条下肢。按病因和病情采用3种手术治疗(1)A组临床表现明显的原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全24条下肢,作股浅静脉瓣膜包窄 大隐静脉高位结扎 EVLT 内镜下小腿内侧交通静脉离断术SEPS;(2)B组轻度原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全26条下肢,作大隐静脉高位结扎 EVLT SEPS;(3)C组单纯性大隐静脉曲张66条下肢,作大隐静脉高位结扎 EVLT。结果平均随访20个月,3组患者均无复发,临床症状和体征消退或好转,溃疡均愈合。彩超检查示大隐静脉全程闭合,无血流信号,深静脉回流通畅。结论EVLT具有微创、安全、操作简单和疗效良好的优点,针对病因和病情联合不同手术治疗下肢静脉病变效果满意。     

腔内激光联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的评价

目的 评价腔内激光(EVLT)联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效.方法 下肢静脉曲张172例,198条下肢.按不同病因分为3组,采用EVLT 相应手术方法治疗:①A组:原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全45条患肢,行股浅静脉瓣膜包窄 EVLT 内镜下小腿内侧功能不全交通静脉离断术(SEPS);②B组:轻度原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全55条下肢,行EVLT SEPS;③C组:单纯性大隐静脉曲张,98条下肢,行EVLT.结果 随访2～44个月,平均32个月,5例有曲张静脉复发,再次行EVLT后未再复发;其余167例症状消退或明显好转,溃疡均愈合,彩超示大隐静脉全程闭合,深静脉通畅.结论 EVLT具有微创、安全、易于操作的特点,联合手术治疗下肢静脉曲张的效果满意.     

术中深静脉逆行造影在下肢静脉曲张手术中的应用

探讨术中经大隐静脉行深静脉逆行造影在下肢静脉曲张手术治疗中的应用价值。下肢静脉曲张手术中经大隐静脉置造影导管,阻断股总静脉行下肢深静脉逆行造影,观察深静脉瓣膜开放及返流程度,瓣膜功能及返流判定参考Kistner分级标准。本组178条肢体,返流0级35条(19.7%),Ⅰ级33条(18.5%),Ⅱ级59条(33.1%),Ⅲ级37条(20.8%),Ⅳ级14条(7.9%)。本组均行大隐静脉高位结扎+主干及曲张静脉剥脱+交通支结扎术,其中15例一期股浅静脉瓣膜环型缩窄术。术中逆行造影能更好地评价下肢深静脉瓣膜功能,有助于明确是否需要同期瓣膜修复手术。     

下肢慢性静脉功能不全术后复发60例诊治分析

目的分析和总结下肢慢性静脉功能不全(CVI)术后复发原因及诊治经验。方法对1995年8月至2005年11月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院血管外科收治的60例(66侧)CVI术后复发病人行下肢静脉顺行造影、双功多普勒彩超检查,明确复发原因,针对深、浅、交通静脉功能不全施行相应手术。结果复发原因中交通静脉功能不全占95.45%(63/66),隐静脉主干及部分属支残留占72.72%(48/66),深静脉瓣膜功能不全占43.94%(29/66)。下肢静脉顺行造影在静脉通畅性诊断准确率为100%;下肢静脉顺行造影和双功彩超在深静脉瓣膜功能检测及隐静脉主干、属支残留的诊断符合率为87.5%、79.16%;双功彩超对交通静脉的漏诊率(5.11%)明显低于静脉造影(28.31%)。再次手术术后按临床表现严重程度评分(VCSS)为(1.9±1.3)分,明显低于术前(7.0±4.2)分,P<0.01。结论交通静脉功能不全、浅静脉主干及属支残留是CVI术后复发的重要原因,再次手术应全面纠正深、浅、交通静脉功能不全,双功彩超对CVI术后复发病例的病因及定位诊断,尤其是隐-股静脉交界处的病因分析和交通静脉精确定位,具有不可替代的优势。     

下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因分析(附46例报告)

目的分析下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因。方法总结中山大学附属第二医院2002年6月至2004年8月收治的46例（52条患肢）下肢静脉曲张术后复发病人的临床资料，其中合并下肢静脉性溃疡20例（24条患肢）。所有病人均行深、浅静脉及交通静脉彩色多普勒超声检查和患肢顺行性深静脉造影。结果复发的原因有大隐静脉主干及其部分属支残存（11条患肢），合并交通静脉功能不全（35条患肢），合并深静脉瓣膜功能不全（20条患肢）。出现小隐静脉曲张（10条患肢），深静脉血栓形成后遗症（5条患肢），同时存在3个静脉系统病变（15条患肢）。结论下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因较为复杂，通常累及3个静脉系统。交通静脉功能不全是导致下肢静脉曲张术后复发的主要原因。术前全面的影像学检查和选择正确的手术方式是避免术后静脉曲张复发的关键。     

激光闭合在小腿交通支静脉功能不全治疗中的临床应用

目的评价经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法全组36例(42条肢体)下肢大隐静脉曲张伴交通支静脉功能不全患者均行大隐静脉全程加下肢浅表曲张静脉穿刺激光烧灼闭合,同时在超声引导下经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合有病变交通支静脉。结果全组42条肢体术前检查有82支病变交通支静脉,术后随访1～18个月内彩超检查证实82支交通支静脉闭合。C6级的10条小腿溃疡肢体,于术后2～8周全部愈合。结论经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉,是治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉病变可行的微创治疗方法,安全、有效、创伤小,对于合并有小腿溃疡的患者尤为适宜。     

Endovenous laser treatment combined with a surgical strategy for treatment of venous insufficiency in lower extremity: a report of 208 cases

BACKGROUND: We assessed the safety and efficacy of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) of the saphenous vein combined with a surgical strategy for treatment of deep venous insufficiency in the lower extremity. METHODS: Two hundred thirty venous insufficiencies of the lower limbs in 208 consecutive patients (93 men and 115 women; mean age, 54.15 years) were treated with EVLT combined with surgical strategies. All patients were symptomatic. There were 84 limbs (36.5%) in C(2), 25 (10.9%) in C(3), 109 (47.7%) in C(4), 1 (0.4%) in C(5), and 9 (3.9%) in C(6) (CEAP), and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome was present in 2 limbs. A total of 119 (51.7%) had perforator vein incompetence. Four therapeutic methods were included in this series according to symptoms, CEAP classification, and venous reflux. Simple EVLT was performed for 15 patients with only great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence or Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in 19 lower limbs. EVLT combined with high ligation of the GSV and open ligation of perforators was performed for 5 patients with GSV and perforator incompetence in 5 lower limbs. EVLT was combined with high ligation of the GSV for 76 patients with GSV incompetence in 94 lower limbs. EVLT was combined with external banding of the first femoral venous valve and high ligation of the GSV for 112 patients with primary deep venous insufficiency in 112 lower limbs. All patients were followed up on an outpatient basis for physical examinations and postoperative complaints, and duplex ultrasonography was performed 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after operation. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the procedure well and returned to normal daily activities immediately, achieving a 100% immediate clinical success rate. Spot skin burn injuries occurred in 2 patients (1.0%). Paresthesia in the gaiter area was noted in 15 patients (7.2%). No postprocedural symptomatic deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred. Three patients had local recurrent varicose veins in the calf (1.4%) during a 2- to 27-month follow-up (mean, 6.12 months). Postoperative clinical classes were significantly improved between 2 weeks and 24 months (P = .0001 at 2 weeks and 3 to 18 months; P = .0055 at 24 months compared with before operation), especially in preoperative C(2) to C(3) stage patients, who achieved complete amelioration. CONCLUSIONS: EVLT is a novel minimally invasive treatment with advantages of safety, effectiveness, and simplicity, and it leaves no scars. Its indications can be expanded by combining EVLT with surgical strategies.     

Recurrent varicose veins: patterns of reflux and clinical severity.

Duplex scanning was used to determine patterns of recurrent varicose veins in 264 limbs and to relate these to clinical factors. All limbs had previously undergone sapheno-femoral ligation in the groin. A recurrent sapheno-femoral junction was present in 172 (65.2%). Incompetence was found in long or short saphenous veins in 232 limbs (87.9%), perforators in 176 (66.7%), and deep veins in 156 (59.1%). Residual long saphenous veins were present in 43.4% and 73.6% of limbs that were with and without stripped long saphenous veins, respectively. An incompetent thigh perforator was present in 14.0% and 15.3% of these two groups, respectively. Multiple sites of incompetence were observed in the majority (75.4%). In general, no particular reflux pattern in the groin was related to an increased incidence of ulceration. However, ulceration was more frequent in limbs with deep reflux to knee or below-knee levels. None of those with isolated reflux in the groin that was unrelated to the common femoral vein had ulceration. The pattern of reflux was unrelated to striping or non-striping of the long saphenous veins and the time since initial surgery. A history of deep vein thrombosis was invariably associated with some degree of deep reflux. A system of recurrent patterns in the groin is described for the purpose of surgical audit. In 15.1%, recurrence was attributed with some confidence to inadequate surgery. These results indicate that the pattern of recurrence is highly variable and often with multiple sites of incompetence. In a few instances, the pattern of recurrence was associated with specific clinical factors. A full work-up including duplex scanning is recommended.     

Mid-term recurrence rate of incompetent perforating veins after combined superficial vein surgery and subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the mid-term (mean, 3.7 years) clinical results and the results of duplex Doppler sonographic examinations of subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery (SEPS) in patients with mild to severe chronic venous insufficiency (clinical class 2-6) and assessed the factors associated with the recurrence of insufficient perforating veins (IPVs). METHODS: Eighty patients with mild to severe chronic venous insufficiency undergoing SEPS were evaluated, and duplex findings, as well as clinical severity and disability scores before and after the operation, were compared. Patients with prior deep vein thrombosis (<6 months) or prior SEPS were excluded from this study. RESULTS: There were 27 men and 53 women with a median age of 59.8 years (range, 34.3-80.0 years). The distribution of clinical classes (CEAP) was as follows: class 2, 13.1% (12 limbs); class 3, 22.8% (21 limbs); class 4, 19.6% (18 limbs); class 5, 21.7% (20 limbs); and class 6, 22.8% (21 limbs). The etiology of venous insufficiency was primary valvular incompetence in 83 limbs (90.2%) and secondary disease in 9 limbs (9.8%). Concomitant superficial vein surgery was performed in 89 limbs (95.7%). Twenty (95%) leg ulcers healed spontaneously within 12 weeks after operation, whereas one patient required additional split-thickness skin grafting. Eighteen patients had previous surgery of the great and/or short saphenous vein before SEPS. During a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, recurrence of 22 IPVs was observed in 20 (21.7%) of 92 limbs, and recurrent leg ulcers were observed in 2 (9.5%) of 21 limbs. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to predict factors influencing the recurrence of IPVs (recurrent superficial varicosis, secondary disease, active or healed leg ulcer [C5/6], compression treatment, and previous operation). On multivariate analysis, previous surgery (P = .014) was identified as the only significant factor for the recurrence of IPVs. CONCLUSIONS: SEPS is a safe and highly effective treatment for IPVs. Within a median follow-up period of 3.7 years, only 2 of 21 venous ulcers recurred, both in patients with secondary disease. Nevertheless, we observed recurrence of IPVs in 21.7% of the operated limbs. On multivariate analysis, patients who had undergone previous surgery were found to have a significantly higher rate of recurrence.     

Recurrent varicose veins following high ligation of long saphenous vein: a duplex ultrasound study

Duplex scanning was used to study recurrent varicose veins in 244 limbs with previous high ligation of the long saphenous vein. The recurrent varicose veins were classified into two types according to the presence or absence of a residual long saphenous vein. Varicose veins with a residual long saphenous vein (type I) occurred in 168 limbs (68.9%). A residual long saphenous vein with an incompetent saphenofemoral junction was present in 125 limbs and one without any residual saphenofemoral junction in 43 limbs. Besides the presence of an incompetent long saphenous vein in this group, an incompetent short saphenous vein was detected in 26 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 45 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 26 limbs. Varicose veins without a residual long saphenous vein (type II) occurred in 76 limbs (31.1%). An incompetent short saphenous vein was demonstrated in 44 limbs, incompetent perforating vein(s) in 18 limbs and incompetent deep veins in 32 limbs. Of the total 244 limbs with recurrent varicose veins, long saphenous vein incompetence was involved in 168 (68.9%), short saphenous vein incompetence in 70 (28.7%), perforating vein incompetence in 63 (25.8%) and deep venous incompetence in 58 (23.8%). Although saphenofemoral junction incompetence was found to be the main source of recurrence, a segment of incompetent residual long saphenous vein, an incompetent short saphenous vein, perforating vein and deep venous system incompetence are other common sources of recurrence. A precise assessment to identify underlying venous incompetence is important for the management of recurrent varicose veins.     

Surgical correction of recurrent venous ulcer

Seventy-six limbs from 46 patients with comparable superficial and deep venous valve incompetence underwent surgical correction for recurrent venous ulcers of the leg that were refractory to various modes of nonsurgical and surgical treatments. A follow-up of 10 to 73 months (mean = 37 months), revealed the venous ulcer healed with perforator ligation and saphenous vein stripping in 14 of 33 (44%), stripping plus valvuloplasty 17 of 21 (80%), stripping plus vein transposition 11 of 14 (78%) and stripping plus valve transplantation 6 of 8 (75%). In patients with incompetent deep venous valve and perforators, the disassociation of the superficial from the deep venous system (stripping) plus correction of the deep venous valvular incompetence (valvuloplasty, transposition or valve transplant) produced superior results in the treatment of recurrent venous ulcer when compared to perforator ligation and saphenous vein stripping alone (p less than 0.005). Adjunctive usage of elastic stockings and intermittent compression pneumatic boots in the perioperative period was helpful in controlling leg swelling and promoting wound healing.