共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 58 毫秒
1.
国产流行性腮腺炎疫苗效果观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:观察国产腮腺炎疫苗的免疫效果。方法:用血凝抑制(HI)试验检测免疫前、后血清抗体水平;在接种疫苗1个月后观察接种组和对照组1年内腮腺炎的发病率。(结果)检测了88名无腮腺炎病史及接种史的1 ̄6岁健康儿童免疫前、后血清、HI抗体阳转率为77.03%、GMT为1:4.10,免疫成功率为76.14%,接种疫苗后1年内接种组腮腺炎发病率0,对照组发病率0.31%,差异有高度显著性(P〈0.01)。( 相似文献
2.
余录根 《预防医学文献信息》2000,6(4):341-341
目的:观察3月龄儿童百白破疫苗基础免疫效果。方法:选择未接种过百白破疫苗,未患过相应传染病的3月龄儿童68人,分别在接种百白破疫苗前后接种后1个月采血检测相应缺体。结果:免疫前儿童百日咳,白喉,破伤风3种抗体阳性率和GMT分别为1.47%和1:10.31、41.18%和1:2.02、19.12%和1:1.46,免疫1个月后,3种抗体阳性率和GMT分别为100%和1:250.55、98.5%和1:6 相似文献
3.
两种剂型脊髓灰质炎疫苗的免疫效果观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解国产糖丸剂型和法国产液体剂型3价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的免疫效果,在本市农村进行了观察。对126名≥2月龄婴儿分2组,分别以一种剂型疫苗免疫,免疫前和每次免疫后1个月采血,用ELISA法检测脊灰IgG抗体。结果表明,两种剂型疫苗免疫后,3个型IgG抗体阳性率均在96%以上;几何平均滴度(GMT)糖丸疫苗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为1:3825.1、1:2954.4和1:2763.3,液体疫苗则为1:4467.6、1:3141.4和1:2753.3。两种剂型疫苗免疫后的抗体阳性率和GMT的差异均无显著的统计学意义 相似文献
4.
国产酵母重组乙肝疫苗不同免疫程序免疫的效果观察 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
应用2批国产酵母重组乙肝疫苗,分别按0、1、2、和0、1、6免疫程序对393名小学生进行1年免疫效果观察。所有接种的小学生中未发现严重副反应者。结果表明,免疫程序对抗体阳转率影响较小,第1针免疫后3个月(T3)时,接种各疫苗组的抗体阳转率均达或接近90%,第1针免疫后7个月(T7)时,接种各疫苗组的抗体阳转率均达高峰(90.00%~98.28%),其后开始缓慢下降,而抗体GMT与免疫程序有关,0、1、2免疫程序组抗体GMT上升快,而0、1、6组抗体峰值高。 相似文献
5.
国产和法国产风疹疫苗的免疫效果及安全性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对国产和法国产两种风疹疫苗在4岁儿童和17岁学生中接种观察表明,血凝抑制(HI)抗体,阳转率均为100.0%。4岁儿童免疫后1个月的抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)分别为156.8.160.5:17岁学生免疫后1个月抗体GMRT分别为168.9.164.7,两种疫苗在两个年龄组中免疫后抗体GMRT的差异无显著的统计学意义。通过对两种疫苗在4岁儿童免疫后1年的观察,抗体阳性率均为100.0%,GMRT分别为123.7和115.6。与免疫后1个月相比,HI抗体GMRT的差异无显著的统计学意义;两种疫苗在免疫后1年抗体GMRT的差异也无显著的统计学意义。另外,在接种两种疫苗后未发现不良反应。 相似文献
6.
甲型肝炎病毒H_2株减毒活疫苗与乙型肝炎血源疫苗同时接种的效果观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对学龄前儿童进行甲肝减毒活疫苗(H2株)和乙肝血源疫苗同时接种的免疫效果观察。通过血清学检测筛检出298名对HAV、HBV易感的健康儿童,分为3组观察,即单独接种甲肝疫苗的Ⅰ组、单独接种乙肝疫苗的Ⅱ组和同时接种甲、乙肝疫苗的Ⅲ组。甲肝疫苗接种后1个月,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组血清抗体阳转率分别为87.39%和90.14%;7个月后分别为98.31%和100%,抗-HAV滴度在1:1~1:32之间,GMT分别为4.54和5.09。经统计学检验均无显著性差异。乙肝疫苗全程免疫后1个月,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的抗—HBs阳转率分别为97.09%和97.14%,抗—HBs水平GMT分别62.92和63.39,经统计学检验亦无显著性差异。本文研究证明甲、乙肝疫苗可以同时接种,为将来甲肝疫苗纳入计划免疫提供了有益的依据。 相似文献
7.
珠海市1~30岁健康人群风疹抗体水平监测和风疹疫苗免疫的血清学效果 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为给我省将风疹疫苗接种纳入计划免疫管理提供科学依据,1996年以珠海市为试点,在该市三个区选择944名1~30岁健康人群,用微量血球凝集抑制(HI)试验检测风疹HI抗体,总阳性率为68.2%,几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为36.1,其中<16岁儿童的风疹抗体阳性率和GMRT均明显低于≥16岁人群。从944人中随机抽取169人接种风疹疫苗,观察免疫后的血清效果,免疫成功率为47.3%,其中免前抗体阴性者,免后阳转率为96.5%,免前抗体≤1:64者,免疫成功率为95.6%,免后比免前GM-RT增长9.3倍。同时对珠海市1~7岁儿童普遍接种风疹功苗,接种率为61.2%,其中1岁儿童接种率71.1%。疫苗接后未发现严重副反应,显示风疹疫苗有良好的免疫原性,安全可靠,建议逐步将风疹疫苗接种纳入计划免疫管理。 相似文献
8.
陕西省肾综合征出血热疫苗中期效果评价及免疫增… 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
目的:观察两种HFRS灭活疫苗在陕西省高发病区接种后第2年的免疫效果。方法:于加强免疫前及免疫后14天、1年采集接种者静脉血,应用数量细胞病变法和荧光法检测中和抗体、IgG抗体,并观察流行病学防病效果。结果:鼠脑纯化灭活疫苗(I型)加强免疫1年后,中和抗体体阳性率为45%,GMT5.41,接种组无发病者,而对照组发病率为79.10/10万,保护率100%;沙鼠肾灭活疫苗(I型)中和抗体阳性率40% 相似文献
9.
对广州市110名干8~9月龄完成麻疹基础免疫的1岁健康儿童,给予默沙东公司生产的麻疹、流行性肋泉炎和风疹活疫苗(M-M-RⅡ)接种,进行血清学效果监测。结果:麻疹ELISA-IgG抗体在接种疫苗1个月后,阳性率由接种前的64.5%上升到100%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)由1.44.6上升至1:2165.1;流行性肋腺炎HI抗体免疫全部阴性,免后1个月阳笥率达89%,CMT由零上升至1:14.6; 相似文献
10.
11.
Michael Nelson† Gillian F. Hague† Cyrus Cooper‡ Valda W. Bunker§ 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1988,1(2):115-127
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly. 相似文献
12.
A.M. Voigt H.A. Faerber G. Wilbring D. Skutlarek C. Felder R. Mahn D. Wolf P. Brossart T. Hornung S. Engelhart M. Exner R.M. Schmithausen 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2019,222(3):455-467
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance. 相似文献
13.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.443.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.2372.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.183.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.16711.6). 相似文献
14.
Context
Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.Methods
Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.Results
In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.Conclusion
An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases. 相似文献15.
16.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donoghue AM 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》2004,54(5):283-289
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled. 相似文献
17.
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers. 相似文献
18.
江捍平 《中华医院管理杂志》2012,28(10):743-746
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测. 相似文献
19.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2. 相似文献
20.
Brown AM 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》1999,49(7):443-447
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested. 相似文献