氦氖激光穴位照射对缺血缺氧后新生大鼠海马神经元增殖的影响

目的：探讨氦氖激光穴位照射疗法对缺血缺氧新生大鼠脑损伤后海马神经元增殖的影响。方法：7d龄健康Wistar大鼠72只随机分成4组：假手术组、缺血缺氧组、缺血缺氧激光穴位照射组、缺血缺氧激光非穴位照射组。制备新生大鼠缺血缺氧脑损伤模型,激光穴位照射组选择“百会”和“大椎”穴位给予氦氖激光照射．激光非穴位照射组选择腹部非穴位部位进行激光照射,常规饲养22d后处死,处死前经腹腔注射5-溴-2-脱氧脲嘧啶(BrdU)标记增殖细胞。取左侧脑做组织切片,HE、Nissl染色以及采用抗BrdU抗体和神经上皮蛋白(Nestin)抗体进行免疫组织化学染色。结果：激光穴位照射组与其他组比较海马神经元胞体内尼氏体丢失较少,神经元坏死减轻,海马齿状回BrdU标记的免疫阳性细胞数增加,海马CA1区Nestin免疫阳性细胞数增高。结论：激光穴位照射对海马神经元有保护作用,促进了海马神经元的增殖。     

氦氖激光穴位照射对缺血缺氧新生大鼠海马组织超微结构的影响

目的：探讨氦氖激光穴位照射对缺血缺氧新生大鼠海马组织超微结构的影响。方法：9只新生Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组：假手术组、缺血缺氧组、激光穴位照射组,每组3只。假手术组仅分离左侧颈总动脉,不结扎,不缺氧,后2组均制作缺血缺氧模型,缺血缺氧组动物不加任何治疗,激光穴位照射组于缺血缺氧后2d,采用氦氖激光穴位照射。常规饲养22d后,取海马区脑组织电镜下观察其超微结构的变化。结果：假手术组海马区神经细胞结构清晰,细胞核膜光滑,胞浆内细胞器丰富,结构完整;缺血缺氧组神经细胞胞体水肿,核膜模糊,细胞器明显减少;激光穴位照射组神经细胞水肿减轻,核膜较清晰,细胞器较丰富。结论：氦氖激光穴位照射具有减轻缺血缺氧对大鼠海马组织超微结构损伤的作用。     

电针治疗缺血缺氧新生大鼠对海马神经元尼氏体的影响

目的:探讨电针刺激缺血缺氧新生大鼠“百会”、“大椎”穴对海马神经元尼氏体的影响。方法:42只出 生7d的Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组。假手术组(n=10)不进行缺血缺氧处理,缺血缺氧组(n=16)及电针治疗组 (n=16)制备成缺血缺氧模型,后者于造模成功后同时电针刺激“百会”、“大椎”2穴,1次/d,10d1个疗程,共2个 疗程,间隔2d。常规饲养22d后,取左侧脑组织制成石蜡切片,进行尼氏染色,并用图像分析仪测灰度阈值。结 果:与假手术组比较,缺血缺氧组尼氏体大量脱失;电针治疗组尼氏体脱失现象较缺血缺氧组减轻。尼氏体灰度阈 值电针治疗组为(135.19±7.00),缺血缺氧组为(188.31±10.43),2者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);后者 亦高于假手术组(122.90±12.10)(P<0.05)。结论:电针治疗可减轻缺血缺氧对神经元尼氏体的损害。     

亚低温对大鼠短暂性脑缺血迟发性神经元死亡的影响

目的 观察亚低温（33℃）对大鼠短暂性脑缺血后神经元的保护作用。方法 32只DS大鼠分为假手术组、常温缺血组和即刻亚低温组，采用尼氏体亚甲蓝特殊染色观察存活神经元、原位细胞凋亡检测法（TUNEL染色）检测及电镜观察脑缺血后大鼠CA1区神经元凋亡情况。结果 与假手术组相比，常温缺血组海马CA1区存活的锥体细胞数目减少（P＜0．01）；与常温缺血组相比，亚低温缺血组海马CA1区存活的锥体细胞数目明显增多（P＜0．01）。亚低温缺血组大鼠海马CA1区TUNEL染色阳性细胞数目明显少于常温缺血组（P＜0．01）。结论 脑缺血后迟发性神经元死亡很可能通过凋亡途径，亚低温对缺血后神经元的保护作用与减少神经元凋亡有关。     

氦氖激光穴位照射对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠脑组织五羟色胺能神经元的影响

目的:研究氦氖激光穴位照射对阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠脑组织五羟色胺能神经元的影响.方法:SD大鼠40只,体质量200～230 g,随机分成4组,每组10只.Ⅰ组为假损伤组,Ⅱ组为AD模型组,Ⅲ组为氦氖激光非穴位治疗组,Ⅳ组为氦氖激光穴位治疗组.采用大鼠脑组织立体定位微量注射技术,用鹅膏蕈氨酸(IBO)损毁大鼠双侧迈纳特基底核(nbM)制作AD模型.术后用氦氖激光照射AD大鼠"百会"、"大椎"穴进行治疗,用非穴位组作为对照.造模23 d后处死动物,免疫组织化学染色检测脑组织五羟色胺(5-HT)能神经元数目,并用图像分析系统检测5-HT阳性细胞的平均积分光密度值.结果:氦氖激光穴位治疗组脑组织5-HT能阳性神经元的数目与AD模型组和非穴位治疗组比较增高(P＜0.05),平均积分光密度值上升(P＜0.05);与假损伤组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:氦氖激光穴位照射可作为治疗AD的一种尝试.     

地黄饮子对脑缺血后大鼠海马BDNF的影响

目的研究地黄饮子对大鼠持续性脑缺血后海马内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响.方法用线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血模型,以免疫组化技术显示地黄饮子在缺血后对海马区BDNF的影响.结果在大鼠脑缺血区有BDNF阳性神经元表达,缺血组和给药组海马区神经元随缺血时间的延长,存活细胞数目均逐渐减少,而给药组存活的神经细胞数目较缺血组多.结论地黄饮子可通过促进BDNF表达,抑制细胞死亡,促进脑缺血后海马神经元的存活和修复.     

氦氖激光照射对体外培养的神经元生长发育及抗氧化系统的影响

目的:研究氦氖激光照射对培养神经元生长发育及抗氧化系统的影响.方法:随机取足月新生1 d内的Wistar大鼠12只,分离并培养双侧海马及额前叶皮质神经元,于饲养培养12 h后分4组处理.空白对照组:单纯饲养培养液培养.普通红光照射组:饲养培养第2 d开始,用普通红光进行照射,输出功率3 mW,光斑直径3 mm,每次3 min,垂直照射,距离4～5 cm.脑活素组:饲养培养液加入脑活素,浓度200 mg/L.氦氖激光照射组:饲养培养第2 d开始采用波长为632.8 nm的氦氖激光进行照射,输出功率、光斑直径及照射方法同普通红光照射组.普通红光和氦氖激光照射组照射时将另外2组培养神经元同时取出,同样放置但不照射.每组于培养第7 d、14d、21d、28 d计数存活神经元数目;于培养第3 d、7 d、14 d测神经元突起长度;于培养第14 d进行HE、Nissl化学染色;于培养第21 d采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定培养液中SOD含量,用TBA法测定MDA含量.结果:与空白对照组和普通红光照射组比较,各测定时间点脑活素组和氦氖激光照射组存活神经元数目、神经元胞体面积及最大直径、神经元突起长度较大,尼氏体灰度值降低,培养液中SOD含量较高,MDA较低(P均＜0.05).结论:氦氖激光照射可以促进神经元生长发育,增强机体抗氧化能力.     

电针对脑缺氧缺血新生大鼠海马结构Nestin与Brdu表达的影响

目的：通过观察电针对脑缺氧缺血新生大鼠海马结构中神经上皮干细胞蛋白（Nestin）与5-溴-2-脱氧脲嘧啶（Brdu）表达的影响。了解电针对脑缺氧缺血后神经发生水平的干预，为电针穴位疗法的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：100只7日龄健康Wistar大鼠，体重12～15g，随机分为4组：空白对照组、模型判定组、缺氧缺血组与缺氧缺血后电针治疗组，各组动物（除空白对照组外）分别结扎左侧颈总动脉，然后将动物置于8％O2-92％N2混合气中2h后取出。模型判定组动物在缺氧缺血48h后处死，制备脑组织切片。脑缺氧缺血后电针组在缺氧缺血后恢复2d，开始刺激“百会”和“大椎”两穴。24d后除模型判定组外，各组动物分别取左侧脑组织制作标本，行Nestin与Brdu免疫组化染色。结果：脑缺氧缺血后电针组海马CA1区Nestin免疫阳性细胞数高于正常对照组及脑缺氧缺血组（P〈0．05）。脑缺氧缺血后电针组齿状回Brdu免疫阳性细胞数高于正常对照组及高于脑缺氧缺血组（P〈0．05）。结论：电针穴位治疗可明显提高仂Ⅱ强1脑缺氧缺血后海马结构神经发生的水平（能力）。     

电针干预对放射性脑损伤小鼠神经干细胞分化的影响

目的:分析电针对放射线照射小鼠内源性神经干细胞分化的影响及机制。方法:放射线照射小鼠制备脑损伤小鼠模型,分别电针针刺百会、风府和双侧肾俞穴位1周(电针1组)、2周(电针2组)和3周(电针3组)进行治疗。免疫荧光方法检测海马的5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶(5-Bromo-2-deoxy uridine,BrdU)、星形胶质细胞标记蛋白(S100 calcium-binding protein B,S100β)、小胶质细胞特异性蛋白(ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1,Iba1)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)及DNA结合蛋白(sex determining region Y-box 2,Sox2)阳性细胞数,观察电针针刺穴位对放射性脑损伤小鼠海马神经干细胞分化的影响。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠海马BrdU/S100β、BrdU/Iba1、Sox2/GFAP双标阳性细胞数目均显著减少(P0.05,P0.001,P0.05)。与模型组比较,电针针刺穴位1周后,小鼠海马BrdU/S100β、Sox2/GFAP双标阳性细胞数目均显著增加(P0.01,P0.01),而BrdU/Iba1双标阳性细胞数目无明显变化;电针针刺穴位2周后,小鼠海马BrdU/S100β双标阳性细胞数目明显增加(P0.01),而BrdU/Iba1、Sox2/GFAP双标阳性细胞数目无明显变化;电针针刺穴位3周后,小鼠海马BrdU/S100β、BrdU/Iba1、Sox2/GFAP双标阳性细胞数目均显著增加(P0.001,P0.05,P0.01)。结论:放射线照射可影响海马区神经元分化,电针干预可激活放射线照射小鼠海马神经干细胞向星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞分化,其疗效与电针疗程有一定相关性。     

电针穴位刺激对致痫大鼠海马齿状回神经发生及行为学变化影响的实验研究

目的:观察电针刺激百会穴对锂-匹罗卡品诱导致痫大鼠海马齿状回神经发生及行为的影响,为进一步揭示穴位刺激治疗癫痫的机制提供基本的实验依据.方法:选用锂-匹罗卡品诱导致痫成年大鼠模型,采用BrdU标记分裂细胞及免疫组织化学方法比较致痫后7,14,42 d时电针刺激穴位干预致痫组大鼠与相应对照组大鼠之间海马齿状回神经前体细胞的增殖速度,并同时观察动物行为学改变.结果:电针穴位刺激后,明显促进了大鼠致痫后7 d,14 d时齿状回的神经发生水平,BrdU免疫阳性细胞数目较相应对照组明显增加(P<0.01),而致痫后第42日时两组大鼠齿状回BrdU免疫阳性细胞数目无显著性差异(P＞0.05).同时,电针穴位刺激干预组大鼠(存活42 d大鼠)平均每周SRSs次数明显少于电针刺激对照组和无刺激对照组大鼠.结论:电针刺激百会穴可促进癫痫后海马齿状回神经发生水平的改变,即电针刺激百会穴在一定的程度上参与了癫痫后海马的神经可塑性变化.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.