Nitrogen and Fat Retention in Premature Infants Fed Breast Milk, "Humanized" Cow's Milk or Half Skimmed Cow's Milk

Three types of milk diet were tested in balance experiments using premature infants. They were: breast milk, “humanized” milk and half skimmed cow's milk containing more protein and less fat than the other' two milks. It was ascertained that protein retention was about the same on all three diets, while nitrogen elimination via the urine was much higher on the half skimmed milk. Fat retention was lowest on half skimmed milk, but this may have been due to the low fat content of that milk.     

婴幼儿牛奶过敏在胃肠道的表现

牛奶过敏(CMA)是婴幼儿常见的变态反应性疾病,是由IgE介导和(或)非IgE介导的免疫反应,常累及呼吸道、消化道和皮肤.由于CMA发病有速发型和迟发型2种,在胃肠道的临床表现有口腔过敏综合征、速发型胃肠道过敏、胃食管反流病、环咽肌痉挛、变态反应性嗜酸性食管炎、食物蛋白诱导小肠结肠炎综合征、牛奶蛋白诱导肠病、便秘、婴儿肠绞痛和食物蛋白诱导胃肠炎和直肠结肠炎等,症状多种多样,错综复杂,临床上识别和诊断极具挑战性.     

A Nutritional Comparison of Cow's Milk and Alternative Milk Products

ObjectiveAlternative milk products are becoming more visible and popular, but nutrient data to compare these products to traditional cow's milk are not easily accessible. By summarizing this nutritional information, this project aims to help primary care providers take better care of their patients by providing easy to access nutritional comparison between cow's milk and milk alternatives such as plant-based milks and goat's milk.MethodsThis project uses data from the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Data Central database and publicly available nutrition label data to compare the nutritional content of selected milk.ResultsAlmond and oat milks provide less than half of the protein provided by soy, goat's, and cow's milk. Goat's milk contains the most fat of the products surveyed, while skim milk contains the lowest fat per serving. Soy milk, almond milk, and oat milk contain at least half the fat of cow's milk. Almond milk contained the most calcium of the milks surveyed. Quantities of folate and vitamin B12 were most notably decreased in goat's milk and almond milk while soy milk had almost double the amount of folate and vitamin B12 present in cow's milk.ConclusionCow's milk still remains the best source of fats, protein, and micronutrients. For parents who prefer an alternative to cow's milk, the child's health should be considered. Parents may consider nutrition information when making decisions for their families, and primary care pediatricians should be able to provide current nutritional data on frequently advertised products.