直接冠状动脉内支架术对无再流现象的影响

目的　评价冠心病患者冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内直接支架术对术后无再流的影响。方法　包括 12 7例接受直接冠脉内支架术患者 (直接支架组 )和一般情况匹配的 12 7例球囊扩张后行冠脉支架术患者 (常规支架组 ) ,比较两组的一般情况、冠脉造影及介入治疗即刻和临床随访结果。结果　直接支架组患者冠脉狭窄程度较轻(82 %± 6 %和 87%± 11% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,支架植入术最终扩张压力明显增高 [(15± 5 )atm和 (12± 3)atm ,P<0 .0 5 ],5例 (4 % )支架植入后发生无血流 (常规支架组 6例 ,11% ,P =0 .14 )。随访期两组严重心脏不良事件发生率无明显差异 ;亚组分析显示无血流组患者预后显著较正常血流者差 (严重心脏不良事件发生率 :5 0 %和 8% ,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　急性心肌梗死患者冠脉内直接支架或常规支架术对术后无血流现象的发生无明显影响 ;介入治疗后发生无血流现象患者预后较差。     

老年患者冠状动脉内直接支架术临床效果的评价

目的　观察冠状动脉内直接支架术 ,即不经球囊扩张直接放置支架在老年患者 (≥ 6 5岁 )的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法　 176例行冠脉直接支架术患者 (非复杂病变 ,无严重钙化 ,血管直径≥ 3.0mm ,每位患者均放置 1枚支架 )按年龄分为老年组 (6 2例 )和标准组 (114例 )。观察两组手术成功率、术后TIMI分级结果、术后并发症、手术时间、放射线暴露时间、造影剂剂量和 12个月主要心脏事件发生率。结果　支架放置成功率老年组与标准组无显著性差异 (96 .8%和 97.4 % )。手术时间、放射线暴露时间和造影剂剂量老年支架术组于标准支架术组无显著性差异 [(19.2± 9.7)min和 (18.7± 12 .3)min ,P >0 .0 5 ;(8.3± 1.1)min和(8.2± 3.4 )min ,P >0 .0 5 ;(113± 36 )ml和 (10 9± 4 5 )ml,P >0 .0 5 ],住院期间两组均无支架内血栓形成和死亡发生。 12个月随访两组主要心脏事件发生率无显著差异。结论　冠状动脉内直接支架术在老年患者非复杂冠状动脉病变的病例中 ,具有良好的可行性与安全性 ,而且不增加术后并发症及心脏事件发生率     

冠状动脉球囊预扩张后冠脉支架植入术对冠心病患者无复流现象的影响

目的评价冠心病患者冠状动脉内球囊预扩张后行支架术对术后无复流的影响。方法回顾性分析150例接受冠脉内直接支架术患者（直接支架组）和150例球囊预扩张后行冠脉支架术患者（预扩张后支架组）的临床资料，分析两组患者的术中无复流现象发生率，并观察住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果预扩张后支架组术后无复流发生率（13．0％）高于直接支架组（8．9％，P〈0．01）；直接支架术组主要心血管事件发生率也较低，为2．0％，预扩张后支架植入组发生率较高，为5．3％，P〈0．05）。结论冠脉内预扩张后植入支架的冠心病患者无复流现象和不良心血管事件发生率均高于直接支架植入组。     

冠心病临床造影分型与冠脉支架疗效的对照研究

目的 :探讨冠心病临床及造影分型与冠脉内支架植入疗效的关系。方法 :分析 135例冠脉支架植入术。149支靶血管单纯型病变 36支 ,复杂型 113支。支架适应证 primary植入 15例 ,denovo30例 ,suboptimal 5 7例 ,bail- out33例。共植入支架 16 2只。结果 :稳定型心绞痛复杂型血管病变占 13.3% (2 /15 ) ,不稳定型心绞痛占 81% (4 7/5 8) ,心梗占 84% (6 3/75 ) ,前者与后两者有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 5 ) ,但手术近、远期疗效则无显著性差异 (P>0 .1)。术后残余狭窄平均为 3.2± 7.0 % ,无严重并发症。 14例冠脉造影随访 ,平均随访 90 .5 d,2例出现再狭窄 (14.3% )。结论 :冠心病稳定型心绞痛血管病变以单纯型为主 ,其它类型则以复杂型为主 ,支架植入均可收到同样满意的疗效     

血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄45例分析

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的疗效和经验。方法对45例颈动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术,术后行全脑血管造影及颈动脉彩超检查,进行影像学随访。结果狭窄血管均成功扩张,术前、术后狭窄段血管管腔分别为(2.84±1.18)mm和(5.86±0.65)mm,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%。临床随访无TIA或脑缺血发作,无1例发生再狭窄,3个月后颈部血管彩色超声检查,狭窄段管腔内径为(5.84±0.33)mm,与术后即刻狭窄段管腔内径(5.86±0.65)mm比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论血管内支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄是安全、有效的。     

Cheatham-Platinum覆膜支架治疗主动脉缩窄11例

目的 探讨Cheatham-Platinum腹膜支架(CCPS)临床治疗主动脉缩窄(CoA)的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾分析采用CCPS支架治疗的11例CoA患者临床资料.结果 11例患者均成功植入CCPS支架1枚,缩窄病变得以明显扩张,缩窄处直径由术前(4.76±0.89) mm扩张至术后即刻(12.86±0.90) mm(t=24.86,P＜0.001),平均跨缩窄收缩压压差由术前(38.55±10.02) mmHg下降至术后即刻(9.82±6.60) mmHg(t=10.8,P＜0.001);术后随访3～79个月,平均(31.91±27.58)个月,患者症状明显缓解,活动耐量明显改善,无内漏、急性主动脉壁损伤、再缩窄或狭窄、穿刺部位血管损伤或死亡.结论 CCPS植入治疗CoA具有良好的近、中期效果,可有效避免主动脉壁损伤等并发症发生.     

老年冠心病患者植入冠状动脉内支架的近期疗效

目的　由于老年冠心病患者多支冠状动脉病变多见 ,且病变常有严重钙化 ,发生围手术期并发症的风险高 ,本研究通过比较≥ 70岁老年患者与 5 0～ 6 0岁中年患者植入冠状动脉内支架的手术成功率及围手术并发症 ,旨在评估老年患者植入冠状动脉内支架的近期成功率与安全性。方法　 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月在本心脏介入中心植入冠脉内支架的患者 ,术前服用阿司匹林、抵克力得或氯吡格雷 ,术中及术后2 4h静脉用肝素 ,随后皮下注射低分子肝素 3d。手术成功指安全植入冠脉内支架 ,围手术期并发症包括急性心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成、穿刺局部血管的并发症 (假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘、腹膜后出血、动脉夹层 )及因手术大量出血需输血。结果　≥ 70岁患者 2 6例 ,平均年龄 (74± 5 )岁 (70～ 84岁 ) ,女性患者 4例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 16例 (6 2 % ) ,陈旧性心肌梗死 5例 (19% ) ;5 0～ 6 0岁患者 14 2例 ,平均年龄 (5 5± 4 )岁 ,女性患者 2 8例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 5 8例 (4 1% ) ,陈旧性心肌梗死 2 1例。≥ 70岁组多支病变 2 0例 ,显著高于 5 0～ 6 0岁组(77%和 32 % ,P <0 .0 1)。≥ 70岁组靶病变中重度钙化显著高于 5 0～ 6 0岁组 (4 2 %和 2 0 % ,P <0 .0 1) ,手术成功率两组相似 (96 .1%和 98.6 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。     

高龄患者弥漫性冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的切割球囊治疗

目的　研究切割球囊成形术 (CBA)治疗高龄患者弥漫性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )支架内再狭窄(ISR)的安全性与疗效。方法　冠脉内支架植入术后复查冠脉造影示ISR >70 %的高龄弥漫性ISR患者117例 ,分为CBA组 (n =74 )和普通球囊成形术 (BA)组 (n =4 3)。于术后 6个月随访冠脉造影 (QCA)和血管腔内超声 (IVUS)。结果　手术成功率CBA组为 99% ,BA组为 10 0 % ;CBA组冠脉管腔的即刻获得大于BA组 ;两组术后即刻管腔直径狭窄百分比 (DS)在CBA组小于BA组 (11.81± 9.17对 2 6 .33±10 .0 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;平均随访时间 (5 .8± 1.6 )个月时CBA组的DS小于BA组 (2 9.4 3%± 12 .16 %对4 6 .12 %± 13.0 1% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;CBA组复发的ISR病变长度由术前的 (2 3.17± 12 .4 6 )mm缩短至 (11.2 3±5 .6 8)mm ,而BA组手术前后无改变 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。IVUS显示 ,两组术前及术后即刻的MLA、RVA及SA均无显著性差异。结论　CBA治疗高龄患者弥漫性ISR安全、有效 ,其即刻及随访期疗效令人满意 ,复发的ISR病变长度较BA组明显缩短。     

冠状动脉支架内血栓形成患者的危险因素及预后

目的 分析冠状动脉药物涂层支架术后支架内血栓形成患者的危险因素及预后.方法 回顾性分析2006年7月到2012年3月冠脉支架内血栓形成的患者39例,并按1∶2配对抽取同期复查冠脉造影术未见支架内再狭窄患者78例,作为对照组从中分析术后支架内血栓形成的危险因素.结果 首发为急性心肌梗死、罪犯血管的支架直径及长度、术前左室射血分数(LVEF)低(＜50％)与支架内血栓形成相关.选择再次行急症经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)者33例,1例术后在院内死亡,余32例好转出院.结论 首发为急性心肌梗死、植入罪犯血管支架的直径较小及长度较长、术前LVEF低(＜50％)是支架血栓形成的独立危险因素.支架长度≥29.5 mm或支架直径≤2.94 mm与较高的支架内血栓的发生率相关.药物涂层支架术后发生支架内血栓的患者多表现为急性心肌梗死,发生支架内血栓后死亡率高,但早期行急症PCI是安全、有效的治疗.     

ACS MULTI-LINK PENTA冠状动脉内支架临床应用

目的　评估ACSMULTI LINKPENTA(PENTA)冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内支架术的即刻和近期临床效果。方法　分析 30例PENTA冠脉支架临床应用情况。结果　 2 8例患者中高血压 (6 1% )、不稳定性心绞痛患者 (5 3% )较多 ,多数为左前降支血管 (5 7% )病变和复杂病变 (B2 C ,占 6 7% )。 77%支架植入前以球囊作预扩张 ,2例支架植入后分支血管受累 ,支架术成功率达 93%。平均随访 (74± 35 )d ,2例复发胸痛 (7% ) ,但无严重不良心脏事件发生。结论　PENTA冠脉支架术治疗冠心病安全、有效 ,即刻和近期临床疗效较好 ,且对于复杂冠脉病变同样有效。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）