Effects of high-dose fentanyl on intraductal pressure in the choledochoduodenal junction in dogs]

Changes in intraductal pressure in choledochoduodenal junction were studied following intravenous administration of fentanyl in dogs. The intraductal pressure was measured with constant-rate infusion method. A statistically significant increase in the intraductal pressure was demonstrated after the intravenous administration of fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1 and 75 micrograms.kg-1. The increase in intraductal pressure following fentanyl administration at a dose of 75 micrograms.kg-1 persisted for more than 5 hours. We conclude that in case of intravenous high-dose fentanyl administration special attention should be paid to spasm of choledochoduodenal sphincter.     

Comparison of the combined effects of atropine and neostigmine with atropine and edrophonium on the lower oesophageal sphincter

In two groups (n = 11) of healthy patients, we have measured gastric, lower oesophageal and barrier pressures before and after antagonism of neuromuscular block during anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and isoflurane. In one group, atropine 1.2 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg were given and in the second group atropine 0.6 mg with edrophonium 1 mg/kg. One minute after administration of the reversal agents, there was a significantly greater reduction in barrier pressures in the neostigmine and atropine group than in the edrophonium and atropine group, but subsequently, there was no significant difference between the two groups. We conclude that there is no clinical difference between the two reversal mixtures in terms of the risk of regurgitation in the immediate period after reversal.     

The effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on intra-ocular pressure in anasthetised elderly patients

The effects of glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and atropine 0.6 mg, given intravenously, were studied in 40 elderly patients undergoing intra-ocular surgery. Twenty patients had normal intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and 20 had raised IOP. The effects of each of the drugs on IOP, heart rate, prevention of the oculocardiac reflex and incidence of dysrhythmias were assessed. Anaesthesia with thiopentone, suxamethonium, nitrous oxide/oxygen, and halothane, using a semiclosed circle system resulted in a decrease in mean IOP in both the atropine and glycopyrrolate groups. Patients who had pre-existing raised IOP showed a significantly greater decrease in IOP than those with normal IOP. Patients with raised IOP who had received atropine experienced a greater decrease in IOP than those who had received glycopyrrolate. Both atropine and glycopyrrolate were effective in preventing the oculocardiac reflex. The increase in heart rate was greater in those patients who had received atropine. The incidence of dysrhythmias was low.     

异丙肾上腺素／心得安和乙酰胆碱／阿托品对犬尿动力作用的研究

选用杂种雄犬２０条，观察异丙肾上腺素／心得安和乙酰胆碱／阿托品对犬膀胱尿道的作用。结果表明，异丙肾上腺素／心得安对膀胱压、膀胱容量有明显作用；乙酰胆碱能使膀胱压、尿道压升高，膀胱容量和顺应性降低，阿托品能部分对抗，但不能对抗其降低的膀胱顺应性和升高的最大尿道压。     

Effect of antagonizing residual neuromuscular block by neostigmine and atropine on postoperative vomiting

Eighty patients undergoing outpatient surgery under generalanaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups: in groupA residual neuromuscular block was antagonized with a mixtureof neostigmine 1.5 mg and atropine 0.5 mg; in group B spontaneousrecovery was allowed. The patients were assessed after operationin hospital and 24 h after discharge. We found a significantdifference (P<0.05) in requirements for antiemetic therapywith a smaller need in the group which received neostigmine(in group A four of 40 patients received an antiemetic comparedwith 12 in group B). There was no significant difference infrequency of nausea or vomiting between the two groups. Theincidence of postoperative nausea was 14 in group A and 18 ingroup B and the number of patients with postoperative vomitingwas 10 in group A and 15 in group B.