FXR和BSEP在阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝细胞中的表达及其意义

目的：研究胆盐输出泵（BSEP）在阻塞性黄疸肝细胞表达过程中的变化及其与阻塞性黄疸高胆汁酸血症的关系,探讨法尼酯衍生物X受体（FXR）的活性及内毒素（ET）对BSEP表达的影响。方法：36只健康SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham）、胆总管结扎组（CBDL）和胆总管结扎再通组（BR）,建立大鼠阻塞性黄疸模型,检测各时相点血清总胆红素（TBIL）、总胆汁酸（TBA）和ET水平;用免疫组织化学法观察各组大鼠肝组织FXP和BSEP蛋白的表达,用平均积分光密度(IOD)法检测FXR和BSEP蛋白的表达水平;线性相关分析FXR、TBA、ET和BSEP之间的定量关系。结果：Sham组大鼠术后各时间点血清TBIL、TBA及ET水平无明显变化（P>0.05）;CBDL组大鼠胆总管结扎术后,TBIL、TBA及ET水平显著增高（P<0.01）;BR组大鼠胆道再通术后TBIL、TBA及ET水平逐步下降,术后7 d组TBIL、TBA接近Sham组水平（P>0.05）,ET仍高于Sham组水平（P<0.05）。肝组织中FXR蛋白表达水平在Sham、CBDL和BR组中呈逐渐缓慢增高趋势,但各组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肝组织中BSEP蛋白表达水平在Sham和CBDL组中呈下降趋势,BR组先下降后上升,但与Sham组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。FXR蛋白表达与血清TBA水平呈正相关关系（r=0.303,P<0.05）,FXR与BSEP蛋白表达呈负相关关系（r=－0.359,P<0.05）,BSEP蛋白表达与血清ET水平呈高度负相关关系（r=－0.412,P<0.01）。结论：阻塞性黄疸时FXR在BSEP表达调控中并非起主要作用,而是ET致炎症介质的释放下调了BSEP表达。     

胆汁酸代谢异常与肝硬化并发胆囊结石的关系分析

目的 探讨胆汁酸代谢异常与肝硬化并发胆囊结石的关系。方法 选取2015年4月~2017年5月我院收治的肝硬化并发胆囊结石患者40例(研究组)、单纯胆囊结石患者36例(对照组)为研究对象,均于术前1d采血检测血清生化指标［总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆汁酸(TBA)］,并获取肝组织标本,采用免疫组织化学法(SP)检测其肝脏组织中法尼醇受体(FXR)、胆盐输出泵(BSEP)、多耐药相关蛋白2(MRP2)的表达,并对上述指标进行相关性分析。结果 两组TBIL对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而研究组DBIL、TBA高于对照组,TC、TG低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组FXR、BSEP、MRP2水平［(2.15±0.34)、(4.21±0.51)、(4.35±0.56)均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);相关性分析显示,肝硬化并发胆囊结石患者FXR、BSEP、MRP2与血清TBA、DBIL呈负相关,且FXR表达水平与BSEP、MRP2均呈正相关(P＜0.05)。结论 胆汁酸代谢异常与肝硬化并发胆囊结石关系密切,其中FXR、BSEP、MRP2表达下调是其可能机制。     

垂盆草苷对幼龄肝内胆汁淤积大鼠的作用机制

研究垂盆草苷(sarmentosin,SA)对幼龄肝内胆汁淤积大鼠的干预和调节作用。将48只SD幼龄大鼠随机分为正常组(Control)、α-萘异硫氰酸酯(ANIT)组(Model)、熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)阳性对照组、垂盆草苷低、中、高剂量组,每组8只,除正常组外,各组大鼠连续1周分别灌胃给予相应药物,每日1次。在第5 d灌胃给予80 mg/kg ANIT造模。在造模后48 h测定大鼠的胆汁流量;测定大鼠血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性和总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)的含量;检测肝脏组织病理变化和组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量;测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的表达;Western blot法分析胆汁酸转运蛋白与合成蛋白。与正常组相比,模型组胆汁流量受到明显的抑制;大鼠肝组织出现明显的病理损伤;血清中ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、DBIL、TBA水平显著升高;组织匀浆中MDA含量显著升高,SOD和GSH-Px含量显著降低;炎症因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β的表达升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);FXR、SHP-1、SHP-2、MREP2、BSEP、NTCP蛋白表达下降,CYP7A1、CYP27A1蛋白表达升高。与模型组相比,垂盆草苷各剂量组大鼠的胆汁流量呈现不同程度的增加;大鼠肝脏组织的病理损伤有所改善;血清中ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、DBIL、TBA水平降低;肝脏组织匀浆中MDA的含量降低,SOD、GSH-Px的含量升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1β的表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);结果表明垂盆草苷对于胆汁淤积有一定的治疗效果,其中垂盆草苷高剂量的作用效果与UDCA组相当,同时垂盆草苷可上调FXR、SHP-1、SHP-2、MREP2、BSEP、NTCP蛋白表达,下调CYP7A1、CYP27A1蛋白表达,说明垂盆草苷通过调控相关蛋白发挥作用。垂盆草苷对ANIT所致的SD幼龄大鼠肝内胆汁淤积有明显的干预和调节作用。可能是通过参与胆汁酸的转运与合成发挥其治疗作用。     

大黄素对胆汁淤积大鼠肝细胞转运体基因表达的影响

目的：探讨大黄素对α-萘异硫氰酸酯（ANIT）致急性肝内胆汁淤积的保护作用及其机制.方法：采用ANIT灌胃制备大鼠急性肝内胆汁淤积病理模型.将32只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、正常＋大黄素组、模型组、模型＋大黄素组,观察各组大鼠肝功能各项生化指标和肝组织病理学改变,并采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测肝细胞膜上转运体基因胆盐输出泵（BSEP）、多药耐药相关蛋白2（MRP2）、钠-牛磺胆酸共转运蛋白（NTCP）、多药耐药蛋白2（MDR2）、多药耐药相关蛋白3（MRP3）和核受体法尼酯衍生物X受体（FXR）mRNA水平的变化.结果：模型组与正常对照组相比较,TB,DB,ALT,AST,ALP和TBA浓度明显增高（P〈0.01）,光镜下可见肝细胞变性和坏死、中性粒细胞浸润,在mRNA水平NTCP,FXR表达降低（P〈0.01）,MDR2,MRP3表达增高（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,而BSEP,MRP2表达差异无显著性.经大黄素治疗后TB,DB,ALT,AST,ALP和TBA均降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,组织病理学改变轻微,NTCP,MDR2,MRP3表达高于模型组（P〈0.05）,但BSEP,MRP2,FXR的表达与模型组相比较差异无显著性.正常＋大黄素组与正常对照组相比较上述各项指标差异均无显著性.结论：大黄素对胆汁淤积型肝炎有保护作用,调节肝脏中与胆汁酸代谢相关的NTCP,MDR2,MRP3的表达以减少胆汁酸在肝脏中的蓄积可能是其退黄、恢复肝脏功能的作用机制之一.     

硝石矾石散对肝内胆汁瘀积型大鼠血清学及Na-K-ATP酶活性的影响

目的:探讨硝石矾石散对α-荼基异硫氰酸盐(α-naphthylisothiocyanate,ANIT)诱导的肝内胆汁瘀积大鼠模型的影响。方法:采用ANIT诱导制备肝内胆汁瘀积大鼠模型40只,雌雄各半,随机分为模型组、西药阳性对照组及中药治疗组,其中模型组20只,其余组各10只,另选未造模大鼠10只作为正常对照组。各组均日一次灌胃给药,西药组给予思美泰,中药组给予硝石矾石散,模型组和正常对照组给予等容积0.9%氯化钠注射液。给药时间从造模当天开始,于造模48h后处死模型组10只大鼠,留取血清及肝组织备用。用药7天后处死全部大鼠,观察各组大鼠肝功能指标及Na-K-ATP酶活性。结果:与模型组相比,中药组血清中总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平均明显下降(P<0.05),Na-K-ATP酶活性有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:硝石矾石散对肝内胆汁瘀积模型有很好的治疗作用。     

胆汁酸对肝硬化大鼠肠道细菌移位和内毒素血症的影响

目的观察胆汁酸对肝硬化大鼠的肠道细菌移位和内毒素血症的影响。方法将37只肝硬化及30只健康大鼠均随机分为熊去氧胆酸组、甘氨胆酸组(均给予胆汁酸70mg·kg-1·d-1)及对照组(给予等量生理盐水)治疗2周。测定胆汁分泌速度、末端回肠细菌总数、细菌移位率及血浆内毒素水平。结果肝硬化大鼠胆汁分泌速度显著低于健康大鼠(P<0.01),给予胆汁酸治疗后,速度增至正常水平。肝硬化大鼠比健康大鼠的回肠细菌总量显著增高(P<0.01),而给予胆汁酸后则降至正常水平。给予胆汁酸的肝硬化大鼠细菌移位率及血浆内毒素水平均较肝硬化对照组显著降低(P<0.01),肝硬化大鼠熊去氧胆酸组和甘氨胆酸组间上述指标差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论给予肝硬化大鼠结合型或非结合型胆汁酸均可以增加胆汁分泌、抑制肠道细菌过度生长,减少细菌移位、内毒素血症的发生率。     

总乳香酸与乳香肝毒性比较研究

目的:研究乳香和从中提取的总乳香酸对大鼠肝脏毒性作用。方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、乳香组、总乳香酸低、中、高剂量组。乳香组给药剂量为6g生药/kg,总乳香酸低、中、高剂量组给药剂量分别为1.5、3、6g生药/kg。连续灌胃给药4周后,检测血清AST、ALP及ALT指标和血清、肝组织中氧化应激指标MDA、SOD;进行大鼠骨髓微核试验。结果:与对照组相比,乳香组肝系数显著升高;血清ALT、MDA升高,肝组织MDA升高,SOD降低;总乳香酸组血清SOD升高,肝组织MDA、SOD降低;各给药组微核率与对照组无明显差异。结论:乳香在6g生药/kg剂量下有一定的肝毒性,总乳香酸没有明显的肝损伤;乳香及总乳香酸无明显遗传毒性。     

供肝丹参多酚酸盐预处理减轻受体大鼠肝移植术后胆道损伤

目的观察丹参多酚酸盐预处理供肝对受体大鼠肝移植术后胆道损伤的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法根据供体肝脏保存方法,受体大鼠随机分为UW液组、丹参多酚酸盐预处理组(UW液+0.4 mg/ml丹参多酚酸盐)、生理盐水对照组(UW液+等量生理盐水)。大鼠行胆道持续外引流肝动脉化原位肝移植,观察移植术后1、6、24 h胆汁流量及胆汁酸盐分泌量。大鼠行肝动脉化大鼠原位肝移植,移植术后2周检测各组大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶、胆汁酸盐及总胆红素水平,观察胆道并发症发生率;采用实时荧光定量PCR、蛋白印迹法分别检测肝脏移植物内胆汁酸盐输出泵(bile salt export pump,BSEP)基因及蛋白的表达。结果与UW液组及生理盐水对照组相比,丹参多酚酸盐预处理组大鼠术后早期胆汁流量及胆汁酸盐分泌量明显增加(P<0.05);术后2周血清碱性磷酸酶、胆汁酸盐及总胆红素水平明显降低(P<0.05),胆汁淤积等胆道并发症发生率明显降低(P<0.01);肝脏移植物内BSEP mRNA及蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05)。结论UW液内加入丹参多酚酸盐保存供肝可明显减轻受体大鼠肝移植术后胆道损伤,降低术后胆道并发症的发生,可能与其促进移植肝内B...     

利胆汤对大鼠利胆作用的实验研究

目的 观察利胆汤对Wistar大鼠的利胆作用.方法 Wistar大鼠50只,每组10只,随机分为0.9％氯化钠组、胆宁片组[0.54 g/（kg·d）]、利胆汤低剂量组[6 g/（kg·d）]、中剂量组[12 g/（kg·d）]、高剂量组[24 g/（kg·d）].各组均采用灌胃给药3d后,测量胆总管引流后1、2、3、4h各组的胆汁量,检测胆汁中总胆汁酸、总胆固醇和总胆红素的含量.结果 利胆汤三个剂量组在不同时间段上的胆汁流量均比0.9％氯化钠组明显增加（P＜0.01）,以高剂量组[24 g/（kg·d）]胆汁流量最多,较其他两个剂量组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.胆宁片组和利胆汤三个剂量组,在各时间段均能增加总胆汁酸的含量和降低胆汁中的胆固醇和胆红素的含量,与0.9％氯化钠组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但三个剂量组间胆汁成分含量差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）.结论 利胆汤三个剂量组对Wistar大鼠都有明显的利胆作用,明显增加胆汁中胆汁酸含量,降低胆固醇和胆红素的含量,以高剂量组作用最为明显,但三个剂量组间胆汁成分含量差异不明显.     

升清降浊方对MSG肥胖大鼠胰岛素增敏作用的影响

[目的]研究升清降浊方(SQJZF)对L-谷氨酸钠(MSG)肥胖大鼠胰岛素增敏作用的影响及其机制研究。[方法]复制MSG肥胖大鼠模型,随机分为模型对照组、阳性药罗格列酮组、阳性药非诺贝特组、SQJZF高剂量组(含生药6 g/kg)、SQJZF中剂量组(含生药3 g/kg)、SQJZF低剂量组(含生药1.5 g/kg),另取正常组大鼠8只。连续给药50 d后,分别检测大鼠血清瘦素和肌糖元含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测药物对MSG大鼠骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)、胰岛素受体底物-2(IRS-2)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)的基因表达水平。[结果]模型组MSG大鼠肌糖元和血清瘦素含量显著升高(P0.01或P0.05),相关基因PPAR、Leptin、IRS-1、IRS-2、GLUT4的相对表达显著降低(P0.01);给药50 d后,各给药组肌糖元和血清胰岛素含量均有降低,对相关基因的相对表达均有一定的调节作用。[结论]升清降浊方可能通过激活PPAR受体,调控Leptin基因的表达,增加胰岛素的敏感性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.