6种黄连饮片中6种生物碱的RP-HPLC含量测定及与“治消渴”药效学的谱-效关系分析

建立生品、姜炙、醋炙、酒蒸、酒炙、萸炙6种黄连饮片中6种生物碱(盐酸药根碱、盐酸非洲防己碱、盐酸表小檗碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱)的含量测定方法,并结合药效学结果探索其与药效学研究结果及中医疗效之间的关系。采用Welch XtimateTMC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以0.1%三乙胺溶液(用碳酸氢铵和氨水调节p H 10)为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱(0~15 min,10%~25%B;15~25 min,25%~30%B;25~40 min,30%~45%B),流速1.0 m L·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长270 nm。6种生物碱分别在0.85~16.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 7),1.25~24.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9),2.05~40.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9),3.65~72.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9),2.88~57.06 mg·L-1(r=0.999 8),13.25~264.96 mg·L-1(r=0.999 6)呈现良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为102.4%(RSD 1.2%),101.8%(RSD 1.3%),100.3%(RSD 1.8%),100.7%(RSD 1.8%),101.2%(RSD 1.5%),97.90%(RSD 2.0%)。测定6种黄连饮片共36个批次的6种生物碱的平均质量分数分别为3.55,4.49,9.12,19.17,15.69,62.56 mg·g-1。该文建立含量测定方法准确性高、重复性好,可用于6种黄连饮片中6种生物碱的含量测定。采用主成分分析、分层聚类分析对含量测定及前期药效学研究结果进行数据分析,结果表明酒蒸、酒炙、萸炙3种黄连饮片与生品黄连饮片存在明显差异,酒蒸饮片与生品饮片具有最大的差异,其差异主要与血清甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖水平(FBG)有关,另外,盐酸非洲防己碱是6种生物碱成分中影响最大的生物碱成分。酒蒸、酒炙、萸炙3种黄连饮片用于中医临床"治消渴"(防治糖尿病)更有优势,特别是在治疗糖尿病高脂血症方面。     

双波长HPLC同时测定黄连及金芪降糖片中6种生物碱的含量

目的:建立HPLC同时测定黄连及金芪降糖片中木兰花碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱6种生物碱含量的方法.方法:Waters Symmetry ShieldTM RP18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相乙腈(0.3％甲酸和0.3％三乙胺)(A)-水(0.3％甲酸和0.3％三乙胺)(B)梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL· min-1,检测波长345,270 nm,柱温25℃.结果:木兰花碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀及盐酸小檗碱线性范围分别为0.012 06 ～0.241 2,0.038 24 ～0.7648,0.088 02 ～1.760 4,0.016 55～0.331 0,0.036 08～0.721 6,0.189 41 ～3.788 2μg(r≥0.999 8),平均加样回收率95％～105％.结论:方法专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、简便易行,可用于同时测定黄连及金芪降糖片中木兰花碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量,可为金芪降糖片的现代制剂研究和质量控制提供依据.     

一测多评法测定黄连及其炮制品中6种生物碱

目的建立一测多评法同时测定黄连及其炮制品中6种生物碱的量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,以盐酸小檗碱为内参物,测定其与盐酸药根碱、盐酸非洲防己碱、盐酸表小檗碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀的相对校正因子,利用该相对校正因子计算其他5种生物碱的量,同时利用外标法测定黄连及其炮制品中6种生物碱的质量分数,比较2种测定方法的差异,验证一测多评法的可行性和准确性。结果在线性范围内,盐酸小檗碱与盐酸药根碱、盐酸非洲防己碱、盐酸表小檗碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀的相对校正因子分别为1.131、0.999、1.011、1.076、1.025,在不同实验条件下相对校正因子重现性良好,6种生物碱成分量计算值与实测值间无显著性差异。结论一测多评法同时测定黄连及其炮制品中6种生物碱可行而且准确。     

黄连生物碱的HPLC-MS分析

目的:利用高效液相色谱-质谱法,对黄连药材中的化学成分进行定性研究并对主要成分进行定量研究.方法:采用Waters Symmetry C18(3.9 mm×150 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈和0.05%甲酸水梯度洗脱;检测波长345 nm;流速为0.8 mL/min;柱温35 ℃;正离子检测模式;电喷雾离子化(ESI).结果:鉴定了8个成分分别为木兰花碱、格陵兰黄连碱、黄连碱、表小檗碱、非洲防己碱、约根碱、小檗碱和巴马汀;同时对小檗碱、药根碱、黄连碱和巴马汀进行了含量测定.结论:该方法简便、准确,可用于黄连药材的质量评价.     

基于高分辨质谱数据库的黄连炮制前后生物碱变化规律

目的 构建黄连Coptis chinensis生物碱类成分的高分辨质谱数据库(HR-MS-Database),研究不同炮制方法炮制前后黄连生物碱类化学成分的变化。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)技术手段,借助SCIEX公司LibraryView数据库平台,建立黄连生物碱类成分高分辨质谱数据库,并对不同黄连炮制品中炮制前后的生物碱类成分含量进行测定和差异分析。结果 建立黄连生物碱类成分高分辨质谱数据库,包含黄连生物碱类成分31种;对姜黄连、酒黄连、萸黄连及黄连生品4种样品测定结果显示,黄连炮制前后生物碱成分差异明显。黄连经姜炙后,药根碱、表小檗碱、非洲防己碱含量略有上升,黄连碱、小檗碱含量略有下降,巴马汀含量未见改变;萸黄连中药根碱、表小檗碱、小檗碱含量下降,黄连碱、巴马汀及非洲防己碱含量未见变化;而酒黄连中所测定的6种生物碱含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论 建立了一种黄连炮制前后生物碱类成分变化规律的快速识别方法,并定量了在黄连炮制前后含量变化显著的6种生物碱,为黄连炮制品的药效物质基础与质量控制标准研究提供参考。     

HPLC法测定黄连不同部位中6个生物碱

目的建立黄连不同部位中盐酸药根碱、盐酸非洲防己碱、盐酸表小檗碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的测定方法。方法色谱条件为Phenomenex Gemini-NX C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-30 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(每1 000 mL碳酸氢铵溶液含7 mL氨水及1 mL三乙胺);体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长270 nm;柱温30℃。结果黄连须根、根茎、叶中6个生物碱量具有较明显差异。经比较,黄连适宜在移栽后第4年采挖,7～10月的最佳采挖月份是10月。结论该法简便、准确、分离效果好,适用于黄连主要生物碱的定量分析。     

RP-HPLC同时测定坤泰胶囊中芍药苷、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定坤泰胶囊(熟地黄、黄连、白芍、黄芩、阿胶、茯苓)中芍药苷、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为固定相,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为230nm。结果:芍药苷、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为0.01658～0.3316μg(r=0.9999),0.05980～1.1960μg(r=0.9999),0.01291～0.2582μg(r=0.9999),0.04198～0.8396μg(r=0.9999)。加样回收率分别为98.91%(RSD为1.29%),99.20%(RSD为0.92%),97.86%(RSD为0.89%),98.63%(RSD为0.62%)。结论:该方法简便易行,重复性好,可用于对坤泰胶囊的质量控制。     

黄连标准提取物的制备与质量控制

目的:优化黄连标准提取物的制备工艺,并建立其质量控制方法。方法:采用L9(34)正交试验设计优化黄连标准提取物制备工艺;采用高效液相色谱法同时测定标准提取物中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸黄连碱的含量。结果:最佳制备工艺为药材用10倍量60%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h,提取物得率25.47%;标准提取物中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸黄连碱的含量分别为23.02%,5.63%,5.72%。盐酸小檗碱在8.5～271.2 mg·L-1呈良好线性,r>0.999 9,平均加样回收率100.14%(RSD 1.92%);盐酸巴马汀在4.2～133.2 mg·L-1呈良好线性,r>0.999 9,平均加样回收率98.52%(RSD 1.65%);盐酸黄连碱在3.1～97.2 mg·L-1呈良好线性,r>0.999 9,平均加样回收率99.80%(RSD 1.45%)。结论:乙醇回流是制备黄连标准提取物的有效方法。所建立的HPLC分析方法可用于黄连标准提取物中有效成分的质量控制。     

HPLC测定胃康宁颗粒中5种指标成分含量

目的建立胃康宁颗粒中指标成分表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱和黄芩苷的含量测定方法,为胃康宁颗粒的质量控制提供依据。方法采用HPLC,色谱柱Agilent Eclipse Plus C18为(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)。黄连生物碱流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(50∶50,每100 mL中加十二烷基硫酸钠0.4g,再以磷酸调节pH值为4.0),检测波长为345nm;黄芩苷流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸(21∶79),检测波长为280nm。结果黄连生物碱及黄芩苷测定均无阴性干扰,表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱及黄芩苷的进样量分别在0.005 26～0.211μg(r=0.999 6)、0.005 37～0.215μg(r=1)、0.005 55～0.222μg(r=1)、0.028 06～1.123μg(r=1)、0.096 5～1.930μg(r=0.999 8)范围内线性关系良好,精密度、稳定性均良好,平均回收率分别为97.63%(RSD=2.32%)、99.05%(RSD=2.21%)、97.66%(RSD=1.94%)、101.50%(RSD=1.92%)、100.31%(RSD=1.12%)。结论本方法准确、稳定、重复性好,可用于胃康宁颗粒中表小檗碱、黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱和黄芩苷的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定岩黄连药材中3种生物碱

目的建立岩黄连药材中脱氢卡维丁、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的测定方法,为完善药材质量评价提供参考依据。方法色谱柱为Agilent XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm5,μm),流动相为乙腈-0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液(21:79),柱温30℃,检测波长347 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min。结果脱氢卡维丁的线性范围为15.015～90.09μg/mL(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为99.01%(RSD=2.97%);盐酸巴马汀的线性范围为14.97～89.82μg/mL(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.48%(RSD=2.73%);盐酸小檗碱的线性范围为3.55～28.40μg/mL(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为99.67%(RSD=2.54%)。结论本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于岩黄连药材的质量控制。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

木蝴蝶种子化学成分研究

目的:研究紫葳科Bignoniaceae植物木蝴蝶Oroxylum indicum种子的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化,通过化合物的理化常数和波谱数据鉴定其结构.结果:从木蝴蝶种子的95％乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了20个化合物,分别为木蝴蝶苷A(1)、木蝴蝶苷B(2)、白杨黄素(3)、黄芩苷元(4)、槲皮素(5)、芹菜素(6)、山柰酚(7)、槲皮素-3-O-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(8)、羽扇豆醇(9)、2α,3β-二羟基羽扇豆醇(10)、赤松素(11)、二氢赤松素(12)、胆甾-5-烯-3,7-二醇(13)、连翘环己醇(14)、异连翘环己醇(15)、zarzissine(16)、(E)-银松素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(17)、腺苷(18)、β-谷甾醇(19) 、β-胡萝卜苷(20).结论:化合物11-13,15～18为首次从木蝴蝶植物中分离得到,其中除化合物18外,其余6个化合物均为首次从紫葳科植物中获得.     

乌拉尔甘草HMGR基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

目的:对乌拉尔甘草3.羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3methylglutary CoA reductase,HMGR)的cDNA克隆并进行序列分析.方法:根据NCBI数据库中的豆科其他物种HMGR的cDNA保守区设计引物,利用同源扩增和cDNA末端快速扩增技术从甘草根中获得目的基因;利用BLAST进行序列比对,ORF Finder寻找开发阅读框,Prosite分析蛋白质的基本结构域,Clustal x比对已有HMGR的氨基酸序列,并构建进化树.结果:得到1个全长为1 842 bp的HMGR的cDNA序列,含有1 722 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码573个氨基酸,具有HMGR家族的特异序列,推测的氨基酸序列与豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿的氨基酸序列一致性分别为84%,76%.结论:对甘草HMGR基因的cDNA进行了克隆,为进一步研究3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A在甘草酸生物合成途径中的作用提供了理论依据.     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.