核素肾动态显像对老年非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者肾功能的研究

目的旨在评价非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）老年患者糖尿病肾病（ＤＮ）的进程，为临床治疗和判断预后提供依据。方法以９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ为示踪剂进行肾动态显像，同时获得肾小球滤过率（ＧＦＲ）、肾功能曲线和肾动态显像。结果本组患者ＧＦＲ均降低，病程≤１０年（６５．３±１３．１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）和病程＞１０年（５４．２±１５．７ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）较对照组（９０．４±１６．６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；肾功能曲线峰时，病程≤１０年（左右肾分别为４．４±１．５及４．４±１．４分）和病程＞１０年（４．５±１．８及４．６±１．７分）较对照组（均为３．６±０．９分）明显后延（Ｐ＜０．０１），１０和２０分钟残存率均增高，后者仅病程＞１０年（左右肾分别为５４．２％±１４．１％及５３．９％±１４．２％）者较对照组（４８．６％±８．３％及４８．２％±９．３％）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论本组糖尿病患者的肾脏滤过和排泌功能均受损，其程度随ＮＩＤＤＭ病程的延长而加重，提示病程已进入ＤＮⅡ～Ⅳ期。     

100例正常血压者24小时动态血压监测

非创伤全自动２４小时动态血压记录仪能测试不同环境、不同体位时病人的血压，显然优于人工偶测血压的方法。目前，因缺乏正常血压者的参考数据，使之在临床的应用受到很大限制。为此，我们做了１００例正常血压者的测试。结果显示：（１）２４小时动态血压均值，昼夜为１４．９／９．０ｋＰａ（１１２／６８ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１５．６／９．３ｋＰａ（１１７／７０ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１４．４／８．５ｋＰａ（１０８／６４ｍｍＨｇ）。（２）如果以研究的各项平均值±２个标准差作为正常值范围，那么２４小时的动态血压均值正常分布范围，昼夜为１２．５～１７．３／７．４～１０．６ｋＰａ（９４～１３０／５６～８０ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１２．６～１８．５／７．７～１０．９ｋＰａ（９５～１３９／５８～８２ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１２．０～１６．８／６．９～１０．１ｋＰａ（９０～１２６／５２～７６ｍｍＨｇ），２４小时测试数据最高值日间为２０．６／１２．６ｋＰａ（１５５／９５ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１９．７／１１．８ｋＰａ（１４８／８９ｍｍＨｇ）。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压病：附240例监测报告

对２４０例患者行整夜多导睡眠图监测及睡前、醒后肘部血压测定，呼吸紊乱指数（ＡＨＩ）＞５的１００例为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征组（ＯＳＡＳ组），１４０例ＡＨＩ≤５的为对照组，发现ＯＳＡＳ组由睡前血压１７．６±３．０／１１．８±１．９ｋＰａ（１３２．３±２２．５／８８．２±１４．６ｍｍＨｇ）至醒后血压１９．７±３１／１３．１±２．２ｋＰａ（１４７．８±２３．４／９８．６±１６．２ｍｍＨｇ）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），较对照组睡前血压１５．５±１．５／１０．５±１．０ｋＰａ（１１６．２±１１．６／７８．４±７．６ｍｍＨｇ），醒后血压１５．０±１．５／１０．５±１．３ｋＰａ（１１２．４±１１．２／７８．６±１０．０ｍｍＨｇ）明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＯＳＡＳ组最低血氧饱和度６０．６±１８．２％较对照组８６．２±５．０％明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＯＳＡＳ组６８％确诊为高血压病，且ＯＳＡＳ经有效治疗后血压也下降接近正常或部分下降，提示ＯＳＡＳ患者夜间反复呼吸暂停引起的低氧血症可能是部分高血压病原因之一。     

糖尿病性胃轻瘫的动力学研究

目的研究糖尿病性胃轻瘫患者胃动力学异常的机制．方法非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（ｎｏｎｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓｍｅｌｉｔｕｓ，ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者３２例，正常人２２例作对照．采用同位素方法测定固体液体胃排空．另外，用胃频谱图机做胃频谱分析．结果ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的固体液体胃半排空时间较正常对照组明显延缓／ｍｉｎ．（９１５±２３７ｖｓ４９２±９２及５９１±１１４ｖｓ３３２±１４８，Ｐ＜００１），固体胃排空延迟主要在排空３０ｍｉｎ以后，液体胃排空延迟主要在６０ｍｉｎ以后；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者中糖尿病性胃轻瘫检出率为５６３％；ＮＩＤＤＭ胃轻瘫患者伴有胃动过速者（４４４％）多于ＮＩＤＤＭ不伴胃轻瘫的患者（７１％，Ｐ＜００５）；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的胃排空延迟与自主神经病变有关（Ｐ＜００１）；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的胃排空延迟与外周神经病变、肾脏病变、空腹血糖和病程无关（Ｐ＞００５）．结论ＮＩＤＤＭ患者胃固体液体胃排空延迟，胃轻瘫检出率５６３％，其特点：固体液体胃排空延迟和胃节律紊乱．自主神经病变是引起糖尿病性胃轻瘫的重要因素．     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的动态血压与微量白蛋白尿的关系

目的：了解Ⅱ型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）合并原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者的动态血压与微量白蛋白尿（ＭＡＵ）的关系。方法：对２６例伴ＭＡＵ的ＮＩＤＤＭ合并ＥＨ患者与２７例正常白蛋白尿（ＮＡＵ）的ＮＩＤＤＭ合并ＥＨ患者的２４ｈ动态血压、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、体重指数、血脂等的比较分析,并对所有患者的尿白蛋白排泄率（ＵＡＥＲ）与有关因素进行多因素回归分析。结果：ＭＡＵ组的夜间平均收缩压（ＮＭＳＰ）较ＮＡＵ组显著增高〔（１４１．２０±６．７７）ｍｍＨｇ对（１３０．５３±６．９２）ｍｍＨｇ,Ｐ＜０．００１〕,而且ＮＭＳＰ与ＵＡＥＲ呈独立的相关性〔标准偏回归系数（β）＝０．４５３,Ｐ＝０．０００６〕。结论：在ＮＩＤＤＭ合并ＥＨ患者中,ＮＭＳＰ升高是ＭＡＵ的独立危险因素,而且可能是ＭＡＵ使心血管病死亡率增加的主要原因之一。     

NIDDM患者ApoE基因型与大,微血管病变关系的研究

目的 研究ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＡｐｏＥ基因型与大,微血管病变的关系。方法 采用ＡＲＭＳ技术检测２００例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者漱口水ＤＮＡ ＡｐｏＥ基因型,结果 （１）∈４／３∈４／４组ＣＡＤ发生率为７０．８％,显著高于∈３／３组４８．４％,和∈２／２∈３／２组４３．５;ＣＶＤ及ＰＶＤ亦存在这种趋势;∈４／３∈４／４组任何证据大血管病变发生率为７５％,显著高于∈３／３组５１．６％和∈２／２∈３／２组４７．８％。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血管紧张素转换酶与慢性并发症的关系

目的探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者血清血管紧张素转换酶（ＳＡＣＥ）水平及其与各种慢性并发症的关系。方法６７例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者用紫外法测定ＳＡＣＥ水平。结果ＮＩＤＤＭ全组ＳＡＣＥ为（３３９±１２４）Ｕ／Ｌ，明显高于正常人［（２８．１±５．７）Ｕ／Ｌ］，Ｐ＞００１。其中超出正常范围（３９５Ｕ／Ｌ）者１８例，占２７％；糖尿病肾病（ＤＮ）者（３０例）ＳＡＣＥ更高［（４２６±１０．６）Ｕ／Ｌ］，而无ＤＮ者［３７例，（２６９±５．７）Ｕ／Ｌ］与正常人无异。结论ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＳＡＣＥ升高与病程、ＤＮ、视网膜病变（ＤＲ）、神经病变、心血管病变等慢性并发症有关。为临床应用ＡＣＥ抑制剂防治糖尿病慢性并发症提供部分依据。     

地尔硫缓释剂对高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压及心电图的影响

目的观察地尔硫缓释剂对高血压合并冠心病患者疗效。方法２９例高血压合并冠心病患者口服地尔硫缓释剂９０ｍｇ，２／ｄ，用药４周，应用２４ｈ动态血压和动态心电图观察用药前后血压和缺血性ＳＴ段的变化。结果用药后２４ｈ收缩压（ＳＢＰ）从１４５±９降至１２７±１２ｍｍＨｇ，舒张压（ＤＢＰ）从１０６±１１降至８２±１５ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＳＢＰ负荷由６４±９％降至３８±９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＤＢＰ负荷由５４±１４％降至２９±１０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心肌缺血发作频率从４．３±２．０降至２．３±１．０／２４ｈ，缺血总时间（ｍｉｎ／２４ｈ）从１６．９±３．９降至９．４±２．９，最大ＳＴ段下移由１．４±０．５ｍｍ降为０．８±０．３ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论地尔硫缓释剂能显著改善高血压合并冠心病患者的心肌缺血和降低患者血压。     

动态血压评价福辛普利治疗老年收缩期高血压的临床疗效

目的评价福辛普利治疗老年收缩期高血压（ＩＳＨ）的临床疗效及其安全性。方法５６例轻、中度高血压患者服用福辛普利５～２０ｍｇ，１／ｄ，疗程６周，采用随测血压（ＣＢＰ）和２４ｈ动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）。结果总有效率为９１．１％。谷峰比率：收缩压（ＳＢＰ）为７３．５％，舒张压（ＤＢＰ）为５２．８％。治疗后，２４ｈ平均ＳＢＰ（２４ｈＳ）、最低ＳＢＰ（ＭｉｎＳ）、最高ＳＢＰ（ＭａｘＳ）、白昼平均ＳＢＰ（ｄＳ）、夜间平均ＳＢＰ（ｎＳ）和血压负荷值（Ｓ＞１４０）均呈显著性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２４ｈ平均ＤＢＰ（２４ｈＤ）、最高ＤＢＰ（ＭａｘＤ）和夜间平均ＤＢＰ（ｎＤ）亦有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。不良反应的发生率为２３．３％。结论福辛普利是治疗ＩＳＨ的安全、有效、耐受良好的药物     

老年NIDDM患者RBC免疫粘附功能和SOD的变化

老年ＮＩＤＤＭ患者ＲＢＣ免疫粘附功能和ＳＯＤ的变化马晓慧苏彬王芳兰州军区总医院（７３００５０）表１老年ＮＩＤＤＭ患者红细胞免疫粘附功能变化（ｘ±ｓ，％）例数ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂ花环率ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率ＲＦＩＲＲＦＥＲ对照组２０１６．２４±３．８９５．８８±...     

Autoantibodies associated with presymptomatic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women

Presymptomatic autoantibody markers of insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are less well characterized in adults than in children. We quantitated anti-GAD, anti-ICA512 and ICA by titration to endpoint and compared frequencies and levels in 139 Finnish women from whom 390 serum samples had been archived during antecedent pregnancies for 10 years before and up to 1 year after diagnosis of diabetes. Also, we compared the autoantibody status in adults with IDDM with that of children with newly diagnosed IDDM. Of the 35 women seropositive for 1 or more autoantibodies, 77 % developed IDDM, 11 % non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 9 % gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin (GDM-ins) and 3 % GDM controlled by diet. The frequency of antibodies during the 10-year presymptomatic period was 83 % for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 52 % for anti-ICA512 and 41 % for islet cell antibodies (ICA) for those who developed IDDM, 25 %, 17 %, and 0 % for NIDDM, 12 %, 4 %, and 8 % for GDM-ins and 1 %, 0 %, and 1 % for GDM-diet. Anti-GAD was found most consistently in early samples; 13 of 15 with a single autoantibody at their first test had anti-GAD. Among those who developed IDDM, the frequency of anti-GAD was constant, anti-ICA512 increased threefold, and ICA increased slightly before diagnosis. Levels of the autoantibodies varied between subjects, but were relatively stable in individual subjects. Comparison of tests on the women, and children after diagnosis of IDDM, showed the frequencies and levels to be the same for anti-GAD but lower for anti-ICA512 and ICA in adults. Our observations show in women the long latency of seropositivity before overt IDDM, the predominance of anti-GAD among these three serological markers, and the presence of these markers in NIDDM presumably representing a NIDDM phase of autoimmune insulitis. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Autoantibodies to the islet antigen ICA 69 occur in IDDM and in rheumatoid arthritis

Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (±1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (±0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p<0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (±0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p<0.01) and healthy control subjects (p<0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21% in IDDM, 31% in rheumatoid arthritis and 6% in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (n=9) or multiple sclerosis (n=7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis.Abbreviations IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - ICA islet cell antibodies - IAA insulin autoantibodies - RA rheumatoid arthritis - RF rheumatoid factor - GAD 65 glutamic acid decarboxylase - SMS stiff-man syndrome     

Islet cell surface antibodies by an ELISA method in diabetic and nondiabetic patients

Islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) were investigated by an ELISA method using a commercial kit in 146 subjects with and without islet cell antibodies (ICA): 28 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 24 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 22 first-degree relatives (FDR) of IDDM patients, 31 organ-specific autoimmune patients (OSAP), 21 nonautoimmune hospitalized patients (NAP), and 20 ICA-negative normal controls. Furthermore, insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were evaluated in 87 of these subjects. ICSA were found in 11% of IDDM patients and in 14% of their FDR, in 4% of NIDDM patients, in 10% of OSAP, in 10% of NAP, and in 5% of normal controls. After absorption with rat liver powder, ICSA were detected in 7% of IDDM patients, in 5% of their FDR, in 4% of NIDDM, in 6% of OSAP, in 5% of NAP and in none of normal controls. ICSA were also detected in 4% of IAA-positive compared to 3% of IAA-negative sera. Neither correlation was found between ICSA and ICA in each group of subjects, nor between ICSA and IAA, suggesting that these autoantibodies recognize different pancreatic targets. Moreover, no significant difference was observed for ICSA prevalence in the various groups of patients studied when compared with normal controls. The prevalence of ICSA assessed by this ELISA method has been compared to that reported by other workers, who employed different techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM

Summary Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with autoreactivity against GAD but the diagnostic sensitivity (positivity in disease) and specificity (negativity in health) of isoform-specific GAD antibodies have yet to be defined in assay systems suitable for screening large number of samples. One set of IDDM patient (n=10) and control (n=50) standard sera were used to develop quantitative antibody assays with in vitro synthesized recombinant ³⁵S-methionine-labelled GAD65 and GAD67, respectively, and protein A-Sepharose to separate free from antibody-bound ligand. Binding levels were not normally distributed (p<0.0001) and therefore, the diagnostic accuracy of GAD antibodies was analysed by the ROC plots in population-based, consecutively-diagnosed, recent onset, 0–14 year-old patients (n=105), and matched, healthy control subjects (n=157). The ROC plots showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of GAD65 antibodies was 77% and the specificity 92% compared with 8% and 98%, respectively for GAD67 antibodies. In the IDDM sera, GAD65 and GAD67 antibodies were concordant in 7% (6 of 81) and GAD65 antibodies and ICA in 89% (72 of 81) without a correlation between the autoantibody levels. Autoantibodies to recombinant human islet GAD65 are specific and sensitive markers for childhood IDDM in this immunoassay with in vitro synthesized ³⁵S-methioninelabelled recombinant GAD.Abbreviations IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase - ROC receiver-operating characteristic - ICA islet cell antibodies - JDF Juvenile Diabetes Foundation     

Anti-37kDa antibodies are associated with the development of IDDM in individuals with islet cell antibodies

Summary Antibodies directed against a beta-cell specific antigen with a molecular weight of 37 kDa have recently been described. These anti-37kDa antibodies were measured by the immunoprecipitation technique in individuals at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), with islet cell antibodies (ICA) greater than 20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units (JDFU). These subjects were recruited from large population-based cohorts at various degrees of risk for developing the disease before adulthood. Anti-37kDa antibodies were measured in 25 ICA-positive first degree relatives with ICA greater than 20 JDFU, identified from a baseline cohort of 1,185 relatives (age: 0–75 years). Four relatives were positive for anti-37kDa antibodies since the first determination onwards. These relatives developed IDDM in a 2-year follow-up period. We included 300 children with an IDDM parent, and aged less than 7 years, in a prospective survey for the prediction of IDDM. Five (1.6%) showed ICA greater than 20 JDFU. None of them were found to be positive for anti-37kDa antibodies, and none have progressed to diabetes during a 2-year follow-up. Among a baseline cohort of 13,380 schoolchildren (age: 6–17 years), 28 (0.2%) were found to have ICA greater than 20 JDFU. One boy was positive for anti-37kDa antibodies on two consecutive occasions and developed IDDM after a 10-month follow-up. No other schoolchildren with ICA greater than 20 JDFU were found to be positive for anti-37kDa antibodies. Altogether 40 other ICA-positive sera (with titres <20 JDFU) were found to be negative for anti-37kDa antibodies. With our assay, anti-37kDa antibodies were found to have a 76% sensitivity (95%CI: 68–92%) at the time of diagnosis in diabetic children. The current observations are based on a short-term follow-up. An analysis based on a longer period will be extremely useful for the prediction of IDDM and the appearance of anti-37kDa antibodies.Abbreviations IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - ICA islet cell antibodies - IAA insulin auto-antibodies - JDFU Juvenile Diabetes Foundation unit     

胰岛细胞抗体ABC法检测及临床意义初步探讨

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）与机体的免疫功能紊乱有密切的关系。胰岛细胞抗体（ＩＣＡ）是ＩＤＤＭ患者主要的免疫学标志之一。可采用免疫组织化学技术作ＩＣＡ定性检测。我们首次应用“Ｏ”型血正常人胰腺石蜡切片作为抗原，ＡＢＣ法（卵白素－生物素化过氧化物酶复合物法）检测血清中ＩＣＡ。结果：１７例ＩＤＤＭ患者，阳性检出率５２．９４％；２０例ＮＩＤＤＭ及２０例非糖尿病患者无阳性反应。与国外报道比较，其方法的可     

Islet cell antibodies are not specifically associated with insulin-dependent diabetes in Tanzanian Africans

The prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA and CF-ICA) together with other organ-specific auto-antibodies was investigated in 122 newly presenting black Tanzanian diabetic patients in Dar es Salaam. ICA were found in three (8.6%) IDDM patients and five (6.8%) insulin-requiring NIDDM patients; six of the eight were also CF-ICA positive. Altogether 22% of patients showed one or more positive autoantibody result but there was no clustering of response, and no association of ICA with other antibodies except for two NIDDM subjects who showed one other positive result. There were no differences between insulin-requiring (IDDM) and NIDDM subjects or between younger (less than 30 years) and older patients. We conclude that there is no major association between diabetes and islet cell antibodies in black Tanzanians.     

Anti-GAD antibodies in Chinese patients with youth and adult-onset IDDM and NIDDM

Summary An autoimmune basis for the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is supported by the frequent presence of autoantibodies – islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and GAD antibodies (GADab). However, in Chinese patients with clinical IDDM, a low prevalence of ICAs was observed. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, it has been suggested that the presence of GADab may identify a subset of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We determined the frequency of GADab in a large group of 134 IDDM and 168 NIDDM Chinese patients, and assessed the relation with ICAs status. Results showed that 39.6 % IDDM and 16.1 % NIDDM patients had GADab, and 20.1 % and 4.8 %, respectively had detectable ICAs. Frequency of GADab positivity was not influenced by whether the patients had youth or adult-onset IDDM or NIDDM, or by duration of diabetes. NIDDM patients seropositive for GADab shared similar clinical characteristics and fasting C-peptide levels with those who were GADab negative. Presence of GADab therefore did not serve to identify a sub-group of patients with latent or slow-onset IDDM. Half (53 %) of our IDDM patients had neither GADab nor ICAs. The reason for this observation is unclear. One theory is that other autoantigens yet to be identified may be contributory. Alternatively, in the Chinese, autoimmunity may not be the major factor in the pathogenesis of IDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1425–1430] Received: 11 March 1997 and in revised form: 13 May 1997     

Analysis of islet cell surface antigen reactions with islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA)

Islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) have been detected in the sera of many patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). They have also been demonstrated to affect the plasma membranes of beta-cells in vitro. To determine the pathogenetic role of ICSA in IDDM, we studied their prevalence and their relationship to lymphoblastogenesis (LBG) in diabetes as well as in other autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, islet cell antigens (IAg) were characterized from rat pancreatic islet cells, using an affinity column consisting of human IgGs including ICSA. ICSA titers were measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Sera were determined as ICSA-positive when they reacted to more than 10% of 50-100 cells. The LBG investigation was carried out after a 4-day incubation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or concanavalin A (Con A). The LBG induced by IAg was investigated after an 8-day incubation. Lymphocytes included 75% CD3-positive cells and 5% CD20-positive cells. IAg were purified from ICSA-positive IgG coupled to CNBr-activated sepharose 4B. The prevalence of ICSA was 39% in patients with IDDM (11/28), 15% in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (16/109), 14% in Graves' disease (3/22), 29% in Hashimoto's disease (5/17), 12% in rheumatoid arthritis (3/25), 20% in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (7/35), and 33% in Sj?gren's syndrome (2/6). No ICSA were detected in 27 normal subjects. Although sera from the patients with autoimmune diseases contained antinuclear antibodies, antithyroid antibodies and/or rheumatoid factor, there was no relationship between the prevalence of such antibodies in patients with ICSA and those without it. In 3 patients (60%) with ICSA-positive IDDM, the lymphoblastogenic responses to PHA and PWM were decreased. A similar decrease was observed when comparing ICSA-positive NIDDM to ICSA-negative NIDDM (PHA: p less than 0.05; PWM: p less than 0.01). However, there was no relationship between HbA1 and the LBG response or between HbA1 and the presence of ICSA. The relative molecular weights (Mr.) of the IAg reacting with ICSA-positive IgG were around 67, 64, 55, and 20K in all but three patients with diabetes mellitus. IAg with a Mr. around 30K or less than 14K were also demonstrated in some patients with diabetes mellitus. The Mr. of IAg was the same in three patients with autoimmune disease as in diabetes mellitus, but it differed in three other similar patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

血清胰岛细胞抗体的测定及临床意义

作者采用Ｏ型血人新鲜胰腺冰冻切片作抗原，建立了血清胰岛细胞胞浆抗体（ＩＣＡ）的间接免疫荧光测定方法。对１５７例糖尿病患者（其中ＩＤＤＭ８２例、ＮＩＤＤＭ７５例）和８４例正常人进行了血清ＩＣＡ检测。结果，ＩＤＤＭ组、ＮＩＤＤＭ组和对照组的ＩＣＡ阳性率分别为３１．５％、１３．３％和１．１％，３组间差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．００５）。ＩＤＤＭ组中，病程６个月以内者ＩＣＡ阳性率为４１．７％，病程超过６个月者为２２．６％，差异无显著性。１０例ＩＣＡ阳性的ＮＩＤＤＭ病人中，４例为口服降糖药继发失效者。提示ＩＣＡ是ＩＤＤＭ的自身免疫血清学标志，对糖尿病的病因学诊断分型及判断ＮＩＤＤＭ口服降糖药继发失效有重要意义。