HepG2肝癌细胞中p24β1水平对高尔基体结构的影响

目的 通过改变人肝癌细胞HepG2中p24β1表达水平,研究该细胞中p24β1表达水平是否对高尔基体产生影响。方法 利用RNA干扰实验敲低HepG2细胞中p24β1表达（HepG2-KD）,通过Western印迹检测蛋白干扰效率,实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)验证转录水平;通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统构建同源染色体双敲除p24β12基因的HepG2细胞系（HepG2-KO）,在基因组测序和Western印迹检测敲除表型后,通过CCK-8实验和克隆形成实验比较HepG2-KO与HepG2的细胞增殖活性;利用细胞免疫荧光实验分析高尔基体标志物α-N-乙酰半乳糖胺残基在细胞中的分布是否受p24β1水平影响。结果 RNA干扰后能使HepG2细胞中p24β1基因的表达下调;成功构建了同源染色体双敲除p24β1的HepG2-KO细胞系,其细胞增殖活性较HepG2无明显差异;在HepG2-KD和HepG2-KO细胞中,高尔基体呈弥散分布,并伴随片层状顺式高尔基体形态改变。结论 在肝癌细胞HepG2中,p24β1水平对于稳定高尔基体的结构至关重要,提示其对高尔基体功能具有重要调控作用。     

HBx基因的真核表达及其对肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞表型的影响

目的为了探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X基因与慢性乙型肝炎及肝癌发生的关系,构建HBV X基因(hep-atitis B virus X gene,HBx)真核表达载体及其肝癌(HCC)细胞系HepG2瞬转模型,并检测HBx对HepG2细胞表型的影响。方法以pCMV-HBx为模板,PCR法扩增HBx基因编码区全长序列,将其克隆至pcDNA3.1-Flag真核表达载体中,构建重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-Flag-HBx,转染至HepG2细胞;Western印迹法检测细胞中HBx蛋白的表达水平;5-溴尿苷(5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷,5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU)标记法检测转染HBx后细胞DNA合成变化;细胞周期检测试剂盒(CycleTESTTMPLUS DNA Reagent Kit)检测转染HBx后细胞周期的变化;AnnexinⅤ-APC/7-AAD法检测转染HBx后细胞凋亡情况。结果重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-Flag-HBx经双酶切和测序证明构建正确,转染该载体的HepG2细胞可检测到HBx蛋白的表达;与转染空质粒pcDNA3.1-Flag的细胞相比,细胞增殖能力增强,而细胞凋亡比率下降。结论成功构建了HBx基因真核表达载体,并研究了HBx对细胞表型的影响,为进一步探索HBx参与HBV引发HCC的分子机制奠定了基础。     

HIPK2对肝癌细胞HepG2生物学表型的调控机制研究

目的:研究外源同源结构域相互作用蛋白激酶2(HIPK2)基因表达对人肝癌细胞系HepG2裸鼠成瘤性的影响及机制.方法:将人HIPK2基因的全长cDNA序列克隆至腺病毒载体(pAdeno-HIPK2),制备Adeno-HIPK2重组腺病毒.以50 pfu/细胞的Adeno-HIPK2感染HepG2细胞作为实验组,Adeno-lacZ感染作为阴性对照,未感染细胞作为空白对照,观察各组细胞的裸鼠成瘤性和细胞凋亡情况,并绘制细胞生长曲线.第6周取材,检测各组样品中HIPK2、JNK1、JNK2、P53、mdm2的水平和JNK激酶活性.结果:实验组细胞的裸鼠成瘤性明显降低,细胞凋亡率有所上升.实验组的P53和mdm2的蛋白表达分别是对照组的3倍和15%,JNK1和JNK2基本不变,但JNK激酶活性则升至对照组的5倍. 结论:HIPK2高表达可以激活JNK激酶途径,并有效提高细胞内P53水平,使HepG2细胞的裸鼠成瘤性下降,是肝癌生物治疗中重要目的基因.     

pp32在前列腺癌细胞中的作用研究

目的研究pp32在前列腺癌细胞中的作用。方法将本实验室先前保存的pcDNA3．1和pcDNA3．1一pp32质粒,转染至Pc3M细胞,构建Pc3M—pp32稳定细胞株。吉姆萨染色实验观察Pc3M细胞的形态变化,通过Transwell小室法检测细胞迁移能力。黏附测定实验鉴定细胞的黏附能力,采用MTr法测定细胞生长曲线。最后,Western印迹检测N一钙黏蛋白（N—cadherin）在细胞中的表达。结果成功筛选并获得了稳定过表达pp32的细胞株（Pc3M．pp32）,pp32能引起Pc3M细胞形状的显著改变,引起人前列腺癌细胞Pc3M迁移和黏附能力的增加,明显促进Pc3M细胞的生长,并有效抑制N一钙黏蛋白在Pc3M细胞中的表达。结论过表达pp32可引起Pc3M细胞的形状改变,并可促进Pc3M细胞的迁移、黏附以及生长。     

pSUPER-Racl-siRNA质粒的构建表达及对肝癌细胞HepG2体外增殖的抑制

目的 使用pSUPER作为产生siRNA的载体,构建针对Racl的siRNA表达载体,并观察其对肝癌HepG2细胞中Racl蛋白表达的抑制作用,同时研究Racl蛋白表达抑制后肝癌细胞HepG2的体外增殖情况.方法 合成用于产生针对Racl的发卡状RNA的寡核苷酸,含64个碱基,退火后插入线性化pSUPER载体的H1启动子下游.重组载体经限制性酶切和测序,构建载体pSUPER-Racl-siRNA,并将其转染肝癌细胞系HepG2.空载体pSUPER-Control-siRNA作为阴性对照.Western blotting检测转染质粒后细胞内Racl基因的变化,MTT法检测Racl蛋白表达后体外细胞增殖情况.结果 成功构建了可以表达针对Racl的siRNA表达载体pSUPER-Racl-siRNA.转染该载体能有效地下调HepG2细胞中Racl蛋白的表达,受抑制率为82%.MTT检测结果显示,抑制Racl蛋白表达后,细胞增殖速度明显减慢.结论 成功构建了针对Racl的发卡状RNA表达载体pSUPER-Racl-siRNA,其可以高效而特异地下调HepG2细胞内靶基因Racl的表达.Racl蛋白沉默对肝癌细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,说明其在细胞的体外生长过程中具有重要作用.     

盼生安对BEL-7402肝癌细胞的诱导分化作用

目的研究盼生安对BEL-7402肝癌细胞的诱导分化作用。方法应用细胞生物学的方法观察盼生安对细胞生长特性的影响；形态计量学方法研究对细胞、细胞核、核浆比及AgSORs形态计量学参数的影响；流式细胞术测定细胞周期；常规生化测定对ALP和LDH酶活力的影响；RNA点印记杂交测定对c-N-ras癌基因表达的影响。结果经盼生安处理后，可使BEL-7402肝癌细胞生长速度显著减慢。细胞及细胞核的面积、等效直径、等效体积、核浆比均随着剂量的增大而减小．同时AgNORs颗粒和面积明显减少。细胞周期出现向G0／G1期移行的特征动力学改变。两种肝癌标志酶ALP及LDH活性降低，且有较好的剂量．效应关系。c-N-ras癌基因表达受到抑制。结论初步表明盼生安具有诱导BEL-7402肝癌细胞分化的作用。     

活血化瘀药物对肝癌细胞HepG2的抑制作用及机制

目的观察活血化瘀中药在体外实验条件下对人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞增殖、迁移的影响,对纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）表达的影响,探讨活血化瘀药物对人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞的抑制作用与分子机制。方法培养HepG2细胞,将中药黄芪、复方当归、复方丹参、川芎嗪分别加入体外培养的肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞,应用MTS法检测其对人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞增殖的影响;应用细胞迁移实验观察其对HepG2细胞迁移的影响;应用RT—PCR方法检测对HepG2细胞PAI-1mRNA表达的影响,ELISA法检测对PAI-1表达的影响。结果活血化瘀中药黄芪、当归、丹参、川芎嗪可不同程度地抑制HepG2细胞增殖与迁移,降低HepG2细胞PAI-1mRNA表达、抗原水平,以复方丹参、川芎嗪组作用更为明显。结论活血化瘀中药可有效抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞增殖与迁移,同时抑制PAI-1表达,这可能是其具有抗肿瘤作用的分子机制之一。     

Spred2基因对人肝癌细胞凋亡韵影响

目的观察Spred2对人肝癌细胞（HepG2）凋亡的影响。方法用阳离子脂质体瞬时转染pcDNA3．0,pcDNA3．0-Spred2到HepG2细胞,建立过表达Spred2的细胞模型。膜联蛋白（annexlFl）V．FITC／PI（7．AAD）双标通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;蛋白质印迹检测SprcdZ的表达水平。结果特柒Spred2基因能明显诱导HepG2细胞凋亡。另外,转染Spred2基因能显著地增强5一FU诱导HepG2细胞凋亡。结论Spred2对人肝癌细胞凋亡有调控作用。     

外源性肝细胞生长因子对肝癌细胞p16基因表达水平影响

目的 探讨外源性肝细胞生长因子(HGF)能否调控肝癌细胞HEPG2 p16基因的表达水平.方法 以人肝癌细胞株HepG2为研究对象,根据培养基中HGF的浓度不同,实验分组为:对照组、实验1组和实验2组,采用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测HGF的肝癌细胞生长周期;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测HGF对肝癌细胞p16基因表达的影响.结果 HepG2细胞在10 pg/L和50 μg/L HGF的作用下,细胞周期出现明显改变,其中G0/G1期细胞明显多于对照组,而S期细胞减少.经HGF作用后肝癌细胞的p16基因表达上调.结论 HGF通过上调p16表达阻滞细胞分裂于G0/G1期,可能为其抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的生长作用的重要机制之一.     

细胞色素C依赖的线粒体途径在hTERT干扰促进肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡中的作用

目的检测靶向RNAi抑制hTERT基因对HepG2肝癌细胞凋亡的促进作用及其与线粒体凋亡途径的关系,探讨hTERT干扰促进细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法收集第20代hTERT基因RNAi真核表达载体稳定转染细胞、对照细胞（转染空载体质粒）及未转染HepG2细胞,采用Western blot检测线粒体、胞质细胞色素C（cyt C）的表达及细胞内caspase-9、Bcl-2、Bax和hTERT的表达。结果与未转染细胞和对照细胞相比,转染细胞hTERT、Bcl-2和线粒体cyt C表达明显减少,Bax和胞质cyt C表达明显增加;未转染细胞及对照细胞仅见约46kD的前caspase-9条带,转染细胞可见46kD前caspase-9条带和35kD caspase-9 p35亚基条带。结论RNAi靶向抑制hTERT基因可通过抑制Bcl-2表达和促进Bax表达引起线粒体cyt C释入胞质,激活caspase-9促进HepG2肝癌细胞凋亡。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.