64层探测器CT冠状动脉成像依据不同心率的最佳重建方案

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像不同心率下冠状动脉各节段血管的最佳重建时相。方法:对61例患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,扫描后原始数据分别按R-R间期30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、60%、70%、75%的相位进行后处理重组,按扫描期间平均心率分组,Ⅰ组30例,心率70次/min;Ⅱ组31例,心率≥70次/min。分析不同心率组不同R-R时相对各支冠状动脉血管的显示情况。结果:Ⅰ组的所有的冠状动脉节段可以在单一的75%相位上获得最佳图像质量;Ⅱ组的所有冠状动脉可以在单一的45%或40%的相位上获得最佳图像质量,多时相重建并不能显著提高图像质量。结论:随着64层螺旋CT时间分辨率的充分发展,所有冠状动脉节段能在一个重建时相得到有诊断价值的图像,多时相重建并不能显著提高图像质量。     

不同心率下双源CT冠状动脉成像最佳相位窗的研究

目的探讨双源CT冠状动脉成像在不同心率下最佳相位窗的选择。方法对100例临床怀疑冠心病或冠状动脉病变患者进行双源CT冠状动脉回顾性心电门控成像扫描,扫描后数据分别按R-R间期10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%的相位进行后处理重组,图像行MPR、MIP、容积再现技术（VRT）重组,利用Inspace软件及Circulation软件分析,将图像质量分为4级,按冠状动脉分段标准评价各个节段的图像质量。扫描时记录心率,100例患者心率小于等于60次/min为1组,心率大于60次/min而小于等于80次/min为2组,心率大于80/min而小于等于100次/min为3组,心率大于100次/min为4组。分析观察不同心率组的各时相冠状动脉评分趋势。结果 1、2组70%相位图像质量最好,3、4组40%相位图像质量较好。冠状动脉的图像质量评分与心率有一定的相关性。结论心率越慢图像质量越好,心率越快图像质量越差。最佳时相的选择可以提高诊断冠心病的准确率。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉扫描中心率与重建相位宽度的选择

目的分析与心率相关的64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像中最合适的相位宽度。资料与方法选取110例回顾性心电门控CT冠状动脉检查患者,评价不同心率组(Ⅰ组,<60/min;Ⅱ组,60～62/min;Ⅲ组,63～65/min;Ⅳ组,>65/min)在R-R间期75%、60%～80%和40%～80%3个相位宽度中最佳重建相位的冠状动脉图像质量。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在75%和60%～80%相位宽度图像质量高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(χ2=75.408,P<0.01),增加相位宽度至40%～80%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组图像质量有明显改善。结论心率较高时增加重建相位宽度可提高64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的图像质量,而心率<63/min时适合用窄相位宽度扫描模式。     

冠状动脉CTA后处理相位重组窗选择与心率的相关性研究

目的:评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉后处理重组相位与心率快慢变化的相关性,寻找最佳的冠状动脉重组时相.方法:采用Philips公司64层螺旋CT对252例患者进行冠状动脉成像,心率50次/分到102次/分,从 R-R间期的35%到85%重组数据采集触发点进行多相位重组,以10%为间隔,将横轴面图像在工作站上行多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等处理,分析不同心率下最佳的相位重组窗.结果:重组相位的选择与心率的快慢具有明显的相关性,心率小于70次/分,选用75%时相重组,图像显示为"优"占91.72%;心率大于70次/分时,选用45%时相重组,图像显示为优占89.66%.结论:不同心率条件下选择合适的相位重组,能够减少运动伪影,提高图像质量.心率快慢对于选择相位重组窗具有指导意义.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉图像质量控制研究:最佳重组时相与心率关系

目的量化评估64层螺旋CT冠状动脉各分支不同重组时相图像质量,探讨冠状动脉CT成像最佳重组时相与心率关系。资料与方法102例患者均采用64层螺旋CT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像,男68例,女34例,平均年龄(58.1±9.7)岁,平均心率(66.4±11.5)次/min。心率<65次/min(n=43)为Ⅰ组,65～75次/min(n=34)为Ⅱ组,>75次/min(n=25)为Ⅲ组,每例患者的4支冠状动脉(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉)共分为12个节段用于图像质量分析。扫描原始数据以间隔5%在20%～80%时相分别回顾性重组冠状动脉图像,采用横断位、曲面重组、容积再现等方法对图像质量综合评分。结果Ⅰ组60%、65%和70%为最佳时相,Ⅱ组60%、65%时相为最佳时相,Ⅲ组右冠状动脉较优时相为35%、40%,左冠状动脉较优时相为60%、65%。结论心率和重组时相的选择是决定冠状动脉图像质量的重要因素。平均心率≤75次/min,冠状动脉各分支图像质量在心脏运动的舒张中期(60%、65%)最佳;>75次/min时,左右冠状动脉分别进行重组能明显提高冠状动脉的成像质量。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的心率变化及其对图像质量的影响

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的心率变化及心率变化对图像质量的影响。方法回顾性分析138例64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像资料,记录扫描期间的心率变化,根据不同的心率变化分组。A组心率变化0~4次/min,B组心率变化5~9次/min,C组心率变化10~20次/min,D组心率变化>20次/min。比较不同组间的冠状动脉各节段图像质量差异。结果64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像心率变化在10次/min以内者占89%,RCA1、RCA3、PDA、LMA、LAD、LCX1及LCX2的图像质量A、B、C组间无显著差异(P>0.05),D组与A、B、C组对比图像质量明显下降(P<0.05);RCA2的A、B、C、D组间对比图像质量有显著差异(P<0.05),呈下降趋势。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像心率变化幅度小,心率变化>20次/min,才引起冠状动脉成像质量明显下降,RCA2段图像质量易受心率波动的影响。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像最佳重建时相与心率关系

【摘要】目的：探讨回顾性心电门控64排螺旋CT冠脉血管成像心率与最佳重建时相的关系,并评价心率对最佳重建时相下图像质量及可诊断率的影响。方法：104例患者行64排螺旋CT（GE Optima 680）冠状动脉血管成像,回顾性重建R-R间期10%~90%期相,间隔5%。按心率分为3组(A组≤65次/分,B组65~80次/分,C组≥80次/分）。由两位医师独立对冠状动脉三大主要分支图像质量按5个等级进行评分。结果：心率≤65次/分,右冠状动脉（RCA）、左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）和左冠状动脉回旋支（LCX）的最佳重建时相为65%~75% R-R间期;65<心率<80次/分,RCA、LAD和LCX的最佳重建时相分别为45% R-R间期、75% R-R间期、45%或75% R-R间期;心率≥80次/分,RCA、LAD和LCX最佳重建时相为45%或50%或55% R-R间期。除A、B组间LAD和LCX的可诊断率无显著性差异外,其余任意两组间的可诊断率和图像质量评分均有显著性差异。结论：不同心率水平,回顾性心电门控64排螺旋CT冠脉血管成像RCA、LCX和LAD有不同的最佳重建时相。随着心率的增加,最佳重建时相下的图像质量及可诊断率降低。     

心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

目的:评价心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响.方法:采用GE Light speed 64层螺旋VCT,以心脏扫描模式对心脏动态体模进行扫描.心脏动态体模由3个部分组成:动力部分、解剖结构模拟部分和控制部分.心脏动态体模的心率设置为40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110和115次/min,心律齐.以球管转速0.35 s对不同心率下的心脏动态体模进行冠状动脉成像扫描.所有扫描数据在R-R间期90%时相分别进行单扇区和多扇区重建.重建数据传至工作站后处理成像.后处理方法采用VR、MPR重组模式.分别对重建图像进行评分.结果:①心率与图像质量呈负相关(P＜0.01);随着心率的增加,图像质量评分呈下降趋势;②在同一条件下多扇区重建算法较单扇区重建算法提高了图像质量评分.结论:采用心脏动态体模评价心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响,对临床研究和应用有着重要价值.     

心率波动对16层CT冠脉成像图像质量的影响及对策(心脏体模模拟实验)

目的 研究心率波动对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响及心率波动情况下最佳扫描条件.方法 采用GE Light-Speed 16层螺旋CT,以心脏冠脉扫描模式对心脏体模进行扫描.心率设置为以60次/min、85次/min为中心上下波动2组,每组分别设置波幅为2.5次/min、5次/min和10次/min各3小组,分别对6组心率波动情况下的心脏体模以心脏冠脉扫描模式进行扫描,所有扫描数据在R-R间期5%、15%、25%、35%、45%、55%、65%、75%、85%、95%相位分别进行单扇区(Segment)、双扇区(Burst-2)和四扇区重建(Burst-4).重建数据传至AW4.1工作站后处理成像.后处理方法采用容积再现(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)模式.由1名高年资医师和1名技师分别对不同重组图像进行评分.统计学处理采用析因分析.结果 (1)方差分析显示,总模型具有显著意义(F=22.58,P《0.0001),各变量(心率、波幅、算法和相位)具有显著意义,均对冠状动脉成像质量有影响;(2)不同心率之间比较心率为60次/min者图像质量评分均数显著高于心率为85次/min者(P《0.05);(3)不同波动范围之间比较波幅为2.5次/min和5次/min者,图像质量评分均数高于波幅为10次/min者(P《0.05),但波幅为2.5次/min和5次/min无显著差异(P》0.05);(4)不同重建算法之间比较算法为Burst-4和Burst-2者图像质量评分均数显著高于算法为Segment(P《0.05),但Burst-4和Burst-2之间无显著差异(P》0.05);(5)不同相位之间比较相位为45%,95%显著高于其他相位(P《0.05),但上述二者相位之间无显著差异(P》0.05).相位为15%者,图像质量最差.结论 新型心脏动态体模评价心率波动对16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像质量的影响及心率波动情况下最佳扫描条件分析,能够为临床应用和基础研究提供帮助.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像最佳重建时间窗的探讨

目的 :探讨不同心率及不同重建时相对64层CT冠状动脉血管成像图像质量的影响。方法:收集90例临床疑诊冠心病患者的冠状动脉CTA检查资料。按扫描时平均心率分组,对心动周期的R-R相位30%~90%间期,每间隔5%重建后进行血管分析及评分,获得回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相,并评价不同心率时的图像质量。结果:冠状动脉图像质量随心率增加而降低,两者呈负相关。心率70次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时间窗为R-R间期的70%~75%;心率70~79次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的60%~70%;心率80次/min时,冠状动脉最佳重建时相为R-R间期的40%~50%。左前降支在70%和75%R-R重建时相显示最佳,左回旋支在70%R-R时相显示最佳,而右冠状动脉在50%R-R时相显示最佳。结论 :选择最佳重建时相、合理控制心率能够减轻运动伪影,明显提高冠状动脉成像质量,其中准确选择回顾性心电门控最佳重建时相是保证图像质量、准确诊断的重要因素。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.