MRI多序列扫描技术在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振多种检查序列和动态增强技术在乳腺检查中的应用价值.方法 对62例乳腺肿块病灶分别行常规横断位平扫:SE T1WI序列、脂肪抑制FSE T2WI序列、脂肪抑制T1WI SPGR(扰相梯度回波)序列;注射 Gd-DTPA后使用SPGR序列动态增强扫描.比较分析增强前后病灶的形态学特征,强化速率和强化峰值出现时间,时间-信号强度曲线(STC)的类型.结果 良性病变38例,恶性肿瘤24例.良性病变信号均匀35例, T1WI多为等低信号,T2WI为稍高信号或高亮信号.动态增强后绘制病灶感兴趣区的时间-信号强度曲线以无强化型28例、缓慢上升型9例.恶性病变信号不均23例,T1WI多呈低信号,T2WI为高和低信号混杂存在,动态增强后病灶时间-信号强度曲线快进快出型22例、快进平台型1例、快进慢升型1例.结论 MRI多序列及动态增强扫描技术对鉴别乳腺良恶性病变有重要价值.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤MRI表现特征分析

目的分析乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumors,PTs)MRI平扫、动态增强、扩散加权成像(DWI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)表现特征,提高对本病MRI诊断水平。资料与方法搜集2005年1月至2008年12月期间于我院行乳腺MRI检查并经手术病理证实的5例乳腺PTs,按照美国放射学会提出的乳腺影像报告和数据系统磁共振成像(BI-RADS-MRI)标准,回顾性分析病变的MRI表现,包括形态学、平扫T1WI及T2WI信号、动态增强表现及强化曲线类型、DWI信号及表观扩散系数(ADC)值和MRS表现特征。结果5例乳腺PTs病理诊断良性1例,交界性2例,恶性2例。MRI上4例表现为分叶状,1例为卵圆形;5例PTsMRI平扫T1WI均呈较低信号,T2WI呈高信号,其中1例内有低信号分隔;4例行动态增强检查的PTs于动态增强早中期(增强后第一至第三时相)呈快速渐进性强化,动态增强中后期时间-信号强度曲线3例呈平台型,1例呈轻度流出型;5例PTs于DWI上均呈高信号,ADC值低于正常乳腺组织,且低于鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的ADC界值;3例行MRS检查,均可见胆碱(Cho)峰。结论MRI检查有助于乳腺PTs的诊断,但确诊仍需...     

3.0T磁共振在乳腺检查中的初步应用

目的:探讨3.0T磁共振利用体部相控阵线圈进行乳腺检查的临床应用价值.方法:36例乳腺疾病患者中隆乳术后26例,乳腺癌6例,乳腺良性病变4例,均行常规MR T1WI、T2WI和压脂序列T2WI,17例行动态增强扫描,13例行扩散加权成像,并与术后病理结果进行对照分析.结果:36例乳腺疾病患者均能显示显示乳腺结构及邻近组织情况,图像清晰无变形.22例聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后患者,注入物于T1WI呈稍低信号、T2WI呈高信号,在脂肪抑制T2WI上显示最清晰,呈均匀高信号;4例角鲨烯注射液隆胸术后,注入物在T1WI和T2WI上呈小颗粒状脂肪信号影.6例乳腺癌于DWI上呈明显高信号,动态增强曲线呈早期信号快速上升,中晚期信号强度逐渐降低表现;4例发现腋窝淋巴结转移.4例乳腺良性病变,动态增强曲线呈逐渐上升改变.结论:3.0T磁共振结合体部相控阵线圈可显示隆胸材料的性质和分布,常规MRI扫描结合DWI和动态增强扫描对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要临床价值.     

乳腺病变的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的 评价MRI扫描对乳腺病变的检出及良恶性病变鉴别诊断能力.方法 收集2007-02-2009-02间43例50枚(恶性＝21,良性＝29)乳腺病变患者,术前行MRI平扫及动态增强检查,检查序列T1WI、T2WI 、STIR(SPAIR)及3DTHRIVE动态增强.根据病灶形态及时间-信号强度曲线进行良恶性病变鉴别,并将影像检查结果与手术病理检查对照.结果 综合应用各MRI序列病变检出率分别98.00%;对恶性病变敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80.95%、89.66%、86.00% .结论 MRI增强扫描及时间-信号强度曲线联合应用可提高乳腺病变诊断及鉴别诊断能力.     

3.0T磁共振成像在甲状腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值研究

目的 探讨磁共振成像在甲状腺良恶性病变鉴别中的应用价值.方法 研究对象为2010年8月～2011年8月我院收治的甲状腺病变48例患者、54个病灶,经Philips 3.0T磁共振成像,比较分析T1WI、T2 WI、DWI(b值为150、300和500s/mm2)及动态增强中良性病灶及恶性病灶的MRI表现,并与病理对照.结果 T1 WI像良性病变呈等及略高信号,恶性病变为不均匀略高信号;T2 WI像良恶性病变均为略高信号,无统计学差异(P＞0.05);DWI成像(良性病变:b值为150时ADC值为2.489±0.442、b值为300时ADC值为1.974±0.369、b值为500时ADC值为1.649±0.445;恶性病变:b值为150时ADC值为1.733±0.326、b值为300时ADC值为1.399士0.258、b值为500时ADC值为1.214±0.302),具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).T1WI动态增强良性病变呈流出型强化曲线,恶性病变呈延迟性消退型曲线,具有一定特征性.结论 磁共振成像对甲状腺良恶性病变鉴别应用价值高,尤其是ADC值对良恶性病灶的鉴别意义较大.     

乳腺恶性肿瘤磁共振征象分析

目的 探讨乳腺恶性肿瘤的MRI平扫及动态增强扫描白影像特点。材料与方法 27例乳腺恶性肿瘤行MRI平扫,其中12例行动态增强扫描,结合手术病理结果,分析乳腺恶性肿瘤的形态、信号、强化特点以及与病理类型的关系。结果 27例患者中平扫15例具有不规则形态、T2WI不均匀高信号、周边有毛刺等典型恶性征象,余12例需行动态增强扫描者,7例呈“快进快出”方式强化。浸润性小叶癌T2WI信号较低,强化不明显,呈不典型表现;粘液腺癌及叶状囊肉瘤肿块较大,周边毛刺不明显,强化呈“快进慢出”方式,表现亦不典型。结论 MRI平扫结合动态增强扫描是诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的有效方法。     

MRI在浆细胞性乳腺炎诊断及分型中的价值

目的：探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在浆细胞性乳腺炎(PCM)诊断和分型中的应用价值。方法回顾性观察18例经病理证实的 PCM 患者双侧乳腺 MRI 图像,包括 T1加权像(T1 WI)、T2加权像(T2 WI)压脂平扫及动态增强扫描图像上病灶的形态、边缘、范围和增强表现。结果PCM 依照 MRI 表现可分为炎症型、脓肿型、混合型;其中炎症型4例,病变范围广泛3例,病变局限在乳头及乳晕1例,T1 WI 均呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描单纯斑片状强化2例,斑片及树枝状强化2例;脓肿型9例,病变范围广泛6例,病变局限于1个象限3例,单发3例,多发6例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描呈蜂窝状强化4例,环形及片状强化5例;混合型5例,炎症伴脓肿及窦道形成,T1 WI 均呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描蜂窝状强化3例,1例散在多发环形强化,1例不均匀斑片状及环形强化。对每一个增强的病例选取感兴趣区并绘制时间-信号强度曲线,所有曲线均为流入式,其中平台型17例,上升型1例。本组中有5例于扩张的导管内见高蛋白物质沉积,T1 WI 呈明显高信号,压脂T2 WI 呈低信号。结论PCM 脓肿型最为常见,其次为混合型,且其 MRI 表现均可见明显环形及蜂窝状强化的脓腔,具有特征性。掌握其信号特点及特征性强化方式对明确诊断及分型有显著帮助。     

VIBRANT磁共振增强技术在乳腺病变诊断中的价值初步研究

目的:探讨VIBRANT磁共振增强技术在乳腺病变诊断中的价值.方法:对33例经病理证实的乳腺病变患者行MRI平扫和动态增强检查,分析比较乳腺良、恶性病变的形态学特征、强化模式及时间-信号强度曲线.结果:33例患者共45个病灶,其中恶性病变20个,良性病变25个.良性病变多呈圆形,边缘光整,边界清楚,无毛刺,强化均匀,强化模式大多表现为从中心至周围.恶性病变形态不规则,边缘有毛刺,强化不均匀,常呈环形强化,强化模式为从周围向中心充填.良、恶性病变的时间-信号强度曲线表现不同,良性病变多呈Ⅰ型(17/24),恶性病变多呈Ⅲ型(14/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.1,P＜0.001).结论:VIBRANT乳腺磁共振增强技术更加有利于显示病变的形态学和血流动力学信息,对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

MRI对微波固化治疗肝癌疗效的评价

目的评价1.5TMRI平扫和动态增强对肝癌微波固化治疗后表现和疗效随访的价值。方法回顾性分析26例32个病灶肝癌微波固化治疗后MRI表现,并与AFP和DSA结果进行对照。结果微波固化治疗3天后的MRI平扫表现,T1WI呈相对高信号,T2WI呈相对低信号,病灶周围可见长T1,长T2水肿带。微波固化治疗1月后的MRI表现①单独行微波固化治疗的19个病灶以凝固性坏死为主,平扫T1WI呈相对等高信号,T2WI呈相对低信号或等信号,动态增强扫描无强化;②多种介入方法联合应用的5个病灶,特别是与TACE联合治疗的病灶,以凝固性坏死、液化性坏死合并存在,表现为局部T1WI呈相对低信号,T2WI呈相对高信号,但动态增强扫描无强化;③8个病灶不完全坏死:在T1WI上呈相对高信号的病灶周边有低信号结节或同时伴新月形低信号带,在T2WI上则表现为等低信号病灶周边出现相对高信号结节或新月形高信号带,在动态增强扫描时呈快进快出强化表现。结论 MRI平扫和动态增强评价微波固化的疗效可靠、准确,微波固化术后定期MRI随访具有重要意义。     

预饱和脂肪抑制技术在乳腺MRI检查中的临床应用

目的 探讨预饱和脂肪抑制技术在乳腺MRI检查中的临床应用价值。资料与方法 对58例乳腺疾病患者进行常规MRI平扫、脂肪抑制MRI平扫和脂肪抑制动态增强MRI扫描，对比分析SE TlWI、FSE T2WI、脂肪抑制SE T1WI、脂肪抑制FSE T2WI和脂肪抑制SE T1WI增强扫描5种图像对病变的检出情况及病变形态和内部信号的显示效果。结果 (1)对病变的检出，脂肪抑制增强扫描明显优于平扫各图像，检出率达100％，平扫各图像对病变的检出无显著性差别，其中以脂肪抑制T2WI为最好，检出率为93．1％，脂肪抑制T1WI最差，检出率为85．06％；(2)在病变形态的显示上，虽然脂肪抑制T2WI效果较好，但与常规T2WI相比并无显著性差别，而脂肪抑制的增强扫描则明显优于平扫各图像；(3)在病变内部信号的显示方面，脂肪抑制的平扫(包括T1WI、T2WI)明显优于常规平扫，而脂肪抑制的增强扫描明显优于平扫各图像。结论 乳腺MRI平扫中脂肪抑制的应用对病变的检出及内部信号的显示具明显优势，以脂肪抑制T2WI效果更好；在脂肪抑制基础上进行动态增强扫描不仅对病变强化的形态学特征显示良好，明显提高病变的检出率，而且能准确判断病变强化程度，观察病变血流灌注的动态变化过程．明显提高了MRI对乳腺疾病诊断的准确性，因此预饱和脂肪抑制技术在乳腺MRI增强扫描中的应用具有重要价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.