霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现

目的探讨霉茵性副鼻窦炎的CT特征和鉴别诊断。方法回顾分析18例经手术病理证实的霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现。结果单侧副鼻窦发病14例,双侧副鼻窦发病4例,病变主要在上颌窦14例,累及同侧筛窦9例、蝶窦3例、额窦3例,病变侵犯后鼻孔4例。霉茵性副鼻窦炎的CT表现主要为：病变窦腔软组织阴影充填呈铸形改变,病灶内出现点状、条状钙化灶,窦腔骨壁增厚使窭腔缩小。结论霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现具有窦腔缩小,窦腔密度不均增高及点状,条状钙化等特征,CT可作出正确诊断。     

鼻咽癌侵犯副鼻窦的CT表现分析

目的：分析鼻咽癌（NPC）侵犯副鼻突的CT特点。方法：回顾性分析254例经病理证实NPC,其中69例侵犯副鼻窦。CT轴位平扫鼻咽部及副鼻窦,层厚及层距为5mm。结论：254例NPC侵犯副鼻窦69例（27％）。侵犯蝶窦、筛窦、上颌窦124例次,其中蝶窦52例次,筛窦46例次,上颌窦26例次,额窦未见。侵犯蝶窦有2个途径,侵犯筛窦有3个途径,侵犯上颌窦有4个途径。CT表现为窦腔内软组织肿块影并窦壁骨质破坏。结论：CT可明确NPC侵犯副鼻窦的表现、范围及途径,对指导治疗及分期有重要意义。     

真菌性鼻窦炎19例诊治体会

目的:通过回顾分析19例真菌性鼻窦炎的临床资料,以提高该病的诊断和治疗水平。方法;对收治的19例真菌性鼻窦炎患者作鼻窦CT检查和鼻内镜检查,并行相应手术治疗。结果:所有病例均为单侧鼻窦发病,其中病变单纯累及上颌窦者12例、单纯累及筛窦者2例、单纯累及蝶窦者1例,有3例同时累及上颌窦和筛窦,有1例同时累及上颌窦、筛窦和蝶窦。有15例(78.9%)窦腔软组织团块影中可见斑点状钙化灶,5例窦腔有不同程度的骨质吸收和破坏。术后随访2年,有3例复发。结论:真菌性鼻窦炎好发于上颌窦,多为单侧鼻窦发病,CT具有较高的诊断价值,手术具有较好的治疗效果。     

鼻窦真菌球CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨鼻窦真菌球的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值.方法回顾性分析经手术、组织病理学证实的68例鼻窦真菌球的影像学资料.结果发病部位:单个鼻窦发病60例(88.2 %),其中上颌窦最常见,占41例(60.3%),依次为蝶窦12例(17.6%),筛窦6例(8.8%),额窦1例(1.5%);CT表现:受累鼻窦腔内充以软组织影,其中64例(94.1%)中央见点状、不规则细条状或云絮状高密度影,融合成团块状,代表菌丝,窦壁骨质有不同程度增生肥厚,35例(76.1%)上颌窦内壁见骨质吸收破坏;MRI表现:病变T1WI呈等或稍高信号(与脑实质比较,以下相同),T2WI均呈极低信号,增强后均未见强化;病变周围黏膜明显增厚,T1WI多呈等信号,T2WI均表现高信号,有明显强化.结论 CT是目前诊断鼻窦真菌球最佳影像学检查方法,MRI能够显示真菌球范围和帮助鉴别诊断,可作为一种补充影像学检查方法.     

鼻内镜下孤立性蝶窦病变的手术

目的 探讨鼻内镜下孤立性堞窦病变最便捷的手术进路。方法 鼻内镜下孤立性蝶窦病变手术21例，其中囊肿5例，霉茵7例，炎症6例，息肉3例。结果 19例一次性治愈，蝶窦霉茵1例，息肉1例术后1年复发，经再次手术治愈。结论 鼻内镜下孤立性蝶窦病变手术应首选直接到达蝶窦前壁或蝶窦开口进入蝶窦的手术进路。     

低剂量CT扫描在儿童副鼻窦炎诊断中的应用

目的:探讨低剂量CT诊断儿童副鼻窦炎的影像表现与临床价值,以期在保证本病CT诊断效果的同时减少辐射剂量,提高儿童诊断安全性.方法:择取2018年1月-2019年10月67例接受CT检查的副鼻窦炎患儿,随机分为两组.试验组34例,予以患儿低剂量CT扫描;对照组33例,予以患儿常规剂量CT扫描.统计两组辐射剂量,比较观察两...     

慢性上颌窦炎影响因素的CT分析

目的探讨窦口鼻道复合体病变及解剖变异与慢性上颌窦炎的关系.方法对CT诊断的52例单侧慢性上颌窦炎进行两侧对比分析.结果患侧与健侧筛泡截面分别为(77.75±33.51) mm2和(34±20.27) mm2(P<0.01).两侧分别有19个及10个大筛泡.患侧伴有32组筛窦炎,对侧21组.鼻息肉11例,单发于上颌窦炎侧9例,对侧仅1例,双侧1例.结论大筛泡、前中组筛窦炎症、鼻息肉与慢性上颌窦炎有关.     

Importance of computer tomography in preoperative diagnostics of polyposis nasi

Computed tomography (CT) is a very important diagnostic tool prior to endoscopic nasal or paranasal sinus surgery. However, it is frequently notice during endonsal surgery of the paranasal sinuses, that the intraoperative results do not completely agree with the radiological ones. The objective of the present study was to compare clinical and operative findings with those of CT investigations. We collected 200 cases treated during the past 2 years and studied their CT reports. Paranasal sinuses were separated into six regions, and the pathological changes due to sinusitis found by CT were classified into four groups. Altogether, we found a highly significant relationship between CT and intraoperative findings (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001), but differences were found in several regions. The highest correlation was found in the anterior ethmoid bone area (r = 0.98), posterior ethmoid bone area (r = 0.53), maxillary sinus (r = 0.36) and sphenoid sinus (r = 0.35). There was only a low agreement in the case of frontal sinus and recessus frontalis. Possible factors such as time between CT and operation or inflammation are discussed. While CT is the image modality of choice in evaluating patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis, agreement to intraoperative findings is not perfect. This should be taken into consideration when planning functional endoscopic sinus surgery.     

慢性鼻窦炎治疗前的影像学诊断价值

４０例经病理证实的慢性鼻窦炎患者进行功能性鼻内窥镜治疗术（ＦＥＳＳ）前接受了Ｘ线平片、冠状位ＣＴ扫描及ＭＲＩ等影像学检查。本文通过回顾性分析,并比较上述资料对ＦＥＳＳ治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床指导价值、认为冠状位ＣＴ扫描对于窦口鼻道区（ＯＭＣ）解剖结构的显示优于ＭＲＩ及Ｘ线平片、对ＦＥＳＳ治疗慢性鼻窦炎重要指导意义。     

复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉鼻内镜手术治疗体会

目的 探讨复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉鼻内镜手术治疗的最佳方案。方法 对56例112侧复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者采用鼻内镜下再次手术治疗。结果 术后经鼻内镜检查、随访3～6个月，治愈70侧(62．5%，好转35侧(31．2%），无效7例(6．396)。56例112侧中，并发眶周血肿5侧(4.5％)，鼻腔粘连或闭塞16侧(14．3%），出血2例(1．896)。结论 复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉再次手术需要注意辨清鼻腔解剖结构，重点处理好病变的中鼻甲和完整切除钩突，术前术后配合全身、局部应用抗生素、糖皮质激素药物可促进炎症消退，提高治愈率。     

Paranasal sinus pathologies in patients presenting with headache as the primary symptom

Headache is a frequent symptom of lesions in the paranasal sinuses. Although some inflammatory symptoms are suggestive of pathologies of the paranasal sinuses, occasional headache is sometimes the major presenting symptom. In a retrospective study, we examined the chart histories of 36 patients presenting for treatment at our hospital from 1 January 1992 to 30 June 2001 who were diagnosed as having pathologies of the paranasal sinuses with the primary symptom being headache. All patients had been evaluated with complete otolaryngological and neurological examinations, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and sinus computed tomographic (CT) scans. Sinus surgery was arranged after failure in performing appropriate medical treatment. Among the 36 patients, 33 showed significant improvement after sinus operation (92%). A paranasal sinus aetiology of headache is an important factor in the differential diagnosis of chronic headache. Those patients who are clinically suspected of having headaches arising from paranasal sinus pathology should receive comprehensive otorhinolaryngological examination and evaluation. Nasal endoscopy and sinus CT scans are good diagnostic tools. Surgical management may be beneficial in those for whom medical treatment fails to resolve the problem.     

20例蝶窦孤立性良性病变的诊断及治疗分析

目的总结蝶窦孤立性良性病变的诊断及合理治疗。方法对20例蝶窦孤立性良性病变的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果20例中蝶窦囊肿10例，真菌性蝶窦炎5例，慢性蝶窦炎3例，颅咽管瘤1例，骨瘤1例。临床表现有头痛（85％）、视力改变（35％）、颅神经麻痹（25％）、回吸性涕血或鼻出血（30％）。所有病例术前行CT或磁共振检查，并经术后病理检查证实。结论蝶窦孤立性良性病变以蝶窦囊肿、真菌性蝶窦炎多见；CT或磁共振检查对本病诊断有较高价值，可为制定手术方案提供依据。鼻内镜微创外科手术是治疗蝶窦病变的优选术式。     

化脓性上颌窦炎的X线平片及CT诊断

目的 分析化脓性上颌窦炎平片与CT表现，评价CT在化脓性上颌窦炎诊断中的价值及平片的局限性。方法 对临床拟诊的化脓性上颌窦炎20例行平片及CT检查。结果 经影像学诊断20例化脓性上颌窦炎，其中CT诊断20例，3例平片诊断阴性而由CT确诊。平片与CT的检出率分别为85％及100％，两者有较显著性差异。结论 CT能对化脓性上颌窦炎做出较全面而准确的诊断，与平片比较CT明显提高了化脓性上颌窦炎的检出率。     

孤立性蝶窦病变的诊治体会

目的：提高对孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断率和治疗率。方法：回顾分析1995年～2002年3月17例孤立性蝶窦病变的临床表现。结果：蝶窦病变最主要的临床症状为头痛，约占76．5％；其次为眼部症状，再次为鼻部症状。结论：孤立性蝶舞病变并非罕见，但临床症状无特异性表现，医师对该病认识不足是导致误诊的主要原因。CT、MRI和鼻内窥镜检查提高了对喋窦病变的诊断水平，且经鼻窦内窥镜手术对其治愈有显著的优越性。     

Bacteriological findings in nasopharynx specimens from patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis

OBJECTIVE: To study results from bacteriological specimens from nasopharynx in patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis in relation to CT findings. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Patients from general practice in Vestfold county, Norway. PATIENTS: 427 patients 15 years and older from two studies with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, and who were examined with coronal CT scans of the paranasal sinuses. Fluid level or total opacification of any sinus was taken as a hallmark of sinusitis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bacteriological findings in nasopharynx specimens and proportions of various sinus pathogens in patients with and without sinusitis confirmed by CT. RESULTS: In the study, 252 patients had acute sinusitis and 175 patients did not. In the sinusitis groups, 27% of the patients had Streptococcus pneumonia, 12% had Staphylococcus aureus and 10% had Haemophilus influenzae in their nasopharynx specimens. Forty-five percent of the patients had normal nasal flora or no growth. The strains of Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae showed high sensitivity to PcV, while the Moraxella strains were resistant to it. CONCLUSION: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most frequent sinus pathogens found in the nasopharynx specimens, and they were significantly more frequent in the group with confirmed sinusitis. The proportion of specimens with normal nasal flora or no growth was significantly higher in the non-sinusitis group.     

An unusual presentation of sphenoid sinusitis with septicaemia in a healthy young adult

Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae account for more than 50% of bacterial acute sinusitis. Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare disease with potentially devastating complications such as cranial nerve involvement, brain abscess, and meningitis. It occurs at an incidence of about 2.7% of all sinus infections. There have been no previous reported cases of unilateral sphenoid sinusitis presenting as septicaemia in an otherwise healthy young immunocompetent adult.     

Findings of Chronic Sinusitis on Brain Computed Tomography Are Not Associated with Acute Headaches

Background

Headache is a common complaint in emergency department (ED) patients. Nearly 15% of ED headache patients will have brain computed tomography (CT) done. One frequent finding on these scans is “chronic sinusitis.” Assuming that “chronic sinusitis” is the cause of the patient's headache is a potential source of mis-diagnosis.

Study Objective

We hypothesized that CT findings of chronic sinusitis occur with equal frequency in patients with atraumatic headache as in control patients with minor head injury.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single-center medical record review of consecutive discharged patients who received noncontrast head CT scans in an urban ED for either minor closed head injury or atraumatic headache. Each patient's head CT radiologic report was reviewed for findings of sinusitis and classified as chronic sinusitis, indeterminate for sinusitis, air-fluid levels, or no findings of sinusitis.

Results

We enrolled 500 patients (234 in the atraumatic headache group, 266 in the minor head injury group). The two groups were similar except that more women were enrolled in the atraumatic headache group. CT findings of chronic sinusitis in the atraumatic headache group (22.2%) and the minor head injury group (17.7%; difference 4.5%; 95% confidence interval of −2.5–11.6%).

Conclusion

Prevalence of CT findings of sinusitis in ED patients with atraumatic headaches and mild head injury are similar. This strongly suggests that CT findings of chronic sinusitis in patients with atraumatic headache may be incidental, and are rarely the cause of a patient's acute headache.     

B超对上颌窦炎的诊断及指导治疗价值

目的：评价B超对上颌窦炎的诊断及指导治疗价值。方法：对疑为上颌窦炎的29例患者分别行超声、放射学检查,并与刺结果比较,结果：与穿刺结果比较,两法上上颌窦炎的检出无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,该病检出的灵敏度、特异度亦相似。结论：超声检查可作为上颌窦炎的初筛方法之一,特别适合儿童及孕妇,且对指导临床床选择穿刺病例有实用价值。     

筛窦解剖变异的多排螺旋CT研究

目的 评价多排螺旋CT三维重建技术在显示筛窦解剖方面的作用，同时探讨筛窦解剖变异及其临床意义。方法 应用GE Lightspeed Plus多排螺旋机对250例进行筛窦横断面HQ或HS模式扫描，然后经工作站作冠状面、矢状面等切面三维重建。结果 筛窦的冠状面、矢状面多平面重建图像几乎与直接扫描相同，筛窦的解剖变异发生率较高，所见的解剖变异有5种，其中筛大泡104例，占总变异的56．5％；Onodi气房48例，占26％；眶下气房12例，占6．5％；筛凹低位8例，占4．3％；纸样板内移12例，占6．5％。结论 筛窦横断面HS或HQ模式的扫描，经三维重建可以得到冠状面及其他任何切面图像，完全能满足临床诊断的要求。它能如实反映筛窦的解剖变异，对鼻内镜外科有重要的临床指导意义。     

孤立性蝶窦病变的内镜手术治疗

【目的】探讨孤立性蝶窦病变的内镜下治疗方法及疗效。【方法】回顾分析2005年1月至2008年12月30例孤立性蝶窦病变患者的临床资料。内镜手术采用方式为鼻内镜下经鼻腔和筛窦入路蝶窦开放术。【结果】所有病例均顺利完成手术,均未发生严重并发症。随访半年到1年,蝶窦炎、蝶窦脓肿、蝶窦囊肿、真菌性蝶窦炎、蝶窦息肉等27例病人均无复发。其余3例蝶窦恶性肿瘤病人术中只行活检,未完整切除肿块。【结论】对孤立性蝶窦病变根据病变性质、鼻腔情况及术野要求采用不同的鼻内镜术式是可取的。