肿瘤微环境对胰腺癌发生发展影响机制的研究进展

肿瘤微环境(TME)在胰腺癌的发生发展及治疗反应中有重要作用.TME的特征是广泛的免疫抑制髓细胞浸润和致密的基质.免疫抑制髓细胞包括肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、髓源性抑制细胞和肿瘤相关中性粒细胞;胰腺癌基质由基质细胞和细胞外基质构成,基质细胞主要包括肿瘤相关成纤维细胞及胰腺星状细胞,细胞外基质主要由基质细胞合成.胰腺癌独特的TM...     

肿瘤微环境在食管癌中的研究进展

食管癌(esophageal cancer, EC)是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,起病隐匿、侵袭性强,多数患者治疗效果欠佳。肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)是肿瘤细胞生存的局部环境,参与肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和免疫逃逸等重要生物学过程。TME可通过与肿瘤细胞及其细胞因子等协同作用,调控EC的发生发展及治疗。本文就EC微环境的组成,以及靶向TME治疗EC的最新进展进行综述,以期为EC预防和诊疗提供新思路和理论依据。     

肿瘤微环境在胰腺癌研究中的进展

肿瘤微环境是决定肿瘤细胞行为的主要影响因素.胰腺癌肿瘤微环境能促进肿瘤生长、侵袭,保护其免受免疫系统的攻击.此文主要介绍了胰腺癌肿瘤微环境的主要组成部分及其各组成部分之间的相互作用,并阐述微环境中一些重要的蛋白酶、生长因子的作用.     

肿瘤相关脂肪细胞在胰腺癌中的研究进展

胰腺癌肿瘤微环境中的脂肪细胞在癌细胞的作用下可以转变成一种特殊的促癌表型,称为肿瘤相关脂肪细胞(CAA)。CAA在胰腺癌中通过脂质代谢等途径参与了肿瘤细胞代谢重编程,缓解了氧和营养物质的供应不足,为癌细胞的生长和增殖提供了充足的能量。同时通过分泌脂肪因子、促炎因子和趋化因子以及与其他基质细胞相互作用,进一步促进了胰腺癌...     

肿瘤微环境在胰腺癌中的预后分析

目的 探讨胰腺癌(PAAD)肿瘤微环境中与预后相关的潜在关键基因.方法 自癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)下载179例PAAD患者的基因表达谱和临床资料.使用ESTIMAT算法计算基质和免疫评分,根据基质和免疫评分将其分为高分组和低分组,生成Kaplan-Meier生存曲线.然后,使用limma包筛选高分组和低分组之间的差异...     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞在胰腺癌中研究进展

胰腺癌五年生存率低于5％,现有的治疗手段治疗效果有限,针对胰腺癌的治疗仍面临巨大挑战.肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分,起到主导肿瘤微环境局部免疫反应的作用,是许多癌症的有利预后因素.TIL能够特异性地识别肿瘤细胞,通过细胞免疫对这些肿瘤细...     

胰腺癌肿瘤微环境的机制及靶向治疗

胰腺癌肿瘤微环境是一个包含胰腺星状细胞、癌相关成纤维细胞、免疫细胞和细胞外基质的过度纤维化的致密基质环境,不仅为肿瘤创造了促进其生长和侵袭的环境,并使其对化疗和其他抗肿瘤药物产生耐受抵抗。基质中密集纤维化反应和肿瘤在免疫环境中的改变被认为是目前胰腺癌治疗失败的主要原因。本文回顾了近年来胰腺癌肿瘤微环境相关研究进展,对其组成成分和致病机制以及针对基质和免疫的靶向治疗作一综述,分析肿瘤微环境对胰腺癌发生进展的重要性及其在靶向治疗方面的影响。     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞理论为肿瘤研究开辟了全新的视角,肿瘤的无限增殖及复发转移的生物学特性可能是由于占肿瘤内极少数的肿瘤干细胞的存在,其他肿瘤细胞虽然占瘤体的绝大多数,但无或只有有限的增殖潜能。最近研究发现胰腺癌中亦存在具有干细胞特性的肿瘤细胞。此文就胰腺癌干细胞的相关研究进展进行综述。     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞理论为肿瘤研究开辟了全新的视角,肿瘤的无限增殖及复发转移的生物学特性可能是由于占肿瘤内极少数的肿瘤干细胞的存在,其他肿瘤细胞虽然占瘤体的绝大多数,但无或只有有限的增殖潜能.最近研究发现胰腺癌中亦存在具有干细胞特性的肿瘤细胞.此文就胰腺癌干细胞的相关研究进展进行综述.     

Functions of the CXC ligand family in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment

Therapeutic resistance is the major contributor to the poor prognosis of and low survival from pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer progression is a complex process reliant on interactions between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Members of the CXCL family of chemokines are present in the pancreatic TME and seem to play a vital role in regulating PC progression. As pancreatic tumors interact with the TME and with PC stem cells (CSCs), determining the roles of specific members of the CXCL family is vital to the development of improved therapies. This review highlights the roles of selected CXCLs in the interactions between pancreatic tumor and its stroma, and in CSC phenotypes, which can be used to identify potential treatment targets.     

Interaction between gastric cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are selectively capable of tumor initiation and are implicated in tumor relapse and metastasis, thus, governing the prognosis of GC patients. Stromal cells and extracellular matrix adjacent to cancer cells are known to form a supportive environment for cancer progression. CSC properties are also regulated by their microenvironment through cell signaling and related factors. This review presents the current findings regarding the influence of the tumor microenvironment on GC stem cells, which will support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with GC.     

基于多平台数据识别胰腺导管腺癌预后相关肿瘤微环境基因

目的 探索与胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)相关的肿瘤微环境基因表达模块,识别影响患者预后的生物学标志物和潜在的免疫治疗靶点。方法 筛选收集来自肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库的1个包含142例PDAC患者数据集和基因表达综合(GEO)数据库的2个包含168例PDAC患者微阵列数据集(GSE2150、GSE62452)的基因表达谱数据,运用xCell网络工具对PDAC基因表达数据进行细胞类型富集分析。根据细胞富集评分中位数将TCGA的142例患者分为高分、低分2组,通过单因素生存分析确定有预后价值的细胞类型并使用GEO的数据集验证。再根据细胞类型进行基因差异表达分析及单因素生存分析确定与预后相关的差异表达基因(DEGs),并对DEGs进行功能富集分析及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络分析。同时使用GEO数据集对TCGA数据集的预后相关DEGs进行验证。最后在TISIDB数据库检索TCGA与GEO数据库的共同DEGs,并分析其与免疫系统的相关性。结果 细胞类型富集评分显示,Th1细胞和角质形成细胞在TCGA和GEO数据集中具有相同的预后价值,其高分组患者的总生存率显著低于低分组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。鉴定出216个预后相关DEGs,对其功能富集结果显示21个生物学过程条目中有9个与免疫过程密切相关,5条京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路中有4条与免疫过程密切相关。通过PPI网络分析,CCR7、CD27、CD5、CXCL13、ZAP70、MS4A1和CCL19被鉴定为可能与PDAC密切相关的中枢基因。通过对GEO数据集的验证,共有15个DEGs在GEO和TCGA数据集中具有相似的预后价值。检索TISIDB数据库上述15个基因结果显示,GIMAP7与PDAC的免疫过程密切相关。结论 鉴定了216个与PDAC预后相关的肿瘤微环境基因及其7个中枢基因,并提供了CCR7、CCL19、CD27、CXCL13和GIMAP7 5个新的PDAC免疫治疗潜在靶点。     

胰腺癌干细胞的研究进展

胰腺癌是恶性程度极高的消化道肿瘤,是全球癌症相关性死亡的主要原因之一.由于发病机制尚不明确,早期缺乏特征性临床表现及诊断方法,且传统治疗效果欠佳,导致胰腺癌的发病率及死亡率居高不下.近年来,随着干细胞在多个领域研究的不断推进,胰腺癌干细胞(pancreatic cancer stem cells,PCSCs)在胰腺癌发...     

Advances in cryoablation for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic carcinoma is a common cancer of the digestive system with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, a high degree of malignancy and early metastasis. Atpresent, radical surgery is considered the only curative option for treatment, however, the majority of patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed too late to undergo surgery. The sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy or radiotherapy is also poor. As a result, there is no standard treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Cryoablation is generally considered to be an effective palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer. It has the advantages of minimal invasion and improved targeting, and is potentially safe with less pain to the patients. It is especially suitable in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. However, our initial findings suggest that cryotherapy combined with 125-iodine seed implantation, immunotherapy or various other treatments for advanced pancreatic cancer can improve survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Although these findings require further in-depth study, the initial results are encouraging. This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of cryoablation, including combined approaches, in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.     

胰腺癌的分子遗传学研究进展

胰腺癌的发病率在我国呈逐年上升趋势,但目前临床上尚无经济有效的早期诊断和治疗方法,对其病因及发病机制进行深入研究具有重要意义。近年来的研究表明,分子遗传学的异常是胰腺癌发生的重要机制,本文就原癌基因、抑癌基因、生长因子及其受体等在胰腺癌发生中的作用做一概述。     

胰腺癌影像诊断新进展

目前,胰腺癌的早期诊断受到关注.传统影像诊断技术有CT、MR和超声.新的技术已经发展起来,比如PET/CT融合和MRS,尤其是分子影像的实验研究,为今后胰腺癌的早期诊断提供新的技术手段.     

Advances in understanding the leukaemia microenvironment

Dynamic interactions between leukaemic cells and cells of the bone marrow are a feature of haematological malignancies. Two distinct microenvironmental niches in the bone marrow, the ‘osteoblastic (endosteal)’ and ‘vascular’ niches, provide a sanctuary for subpopulations of leukaemic cells to evade chemotherapy‐induced death and allow acquisition of drug resistance. Key components of the bone marrow microenvironment as a home for normal haematopoietic stem cells and the leukaemia stem cell niches, and the molecular pathways critical for microenvironment/leukaemia interactions via cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules as well as hypoxic conditions, are described in this review. Finally, the genetic abnormalities of leukaemia‐associated stroma are discussed. Further understanding of the contribution of the bone marrow niche to the process of leukaemogenesis may provide new targets that allow destruction of leukaemia stem cells without adversely affecting normal stem cell self‐renewal.     

胰腺癌的生物治疗研究进展

胰腺癌发病隐匿, 进展迅速, 死亡率高, 预后差. 手术虽是主要治疗手段, 但因早期诊断困难, 大部分患者确诊时已无手术机会.放疗、化疗疗效不确切, 且有较多副作用. 随着生物技术的发展, 针对胰腺癌所进行的基因治疗、免疫治疗等生物治疗研究日趋增多, 使得对该病的治疗手段更加多样化. 合理运用生物治疗将会改善胰腺癌的预后.