内镜下单侧杓状软骨固定的杓状软骨复位术

环杓关节固定最常见的原因是钝挫伤、穿通伤、医源性创伤及炎症性关节疾病 ,进而导致发音困难和 /或气道梗阻。杓状软骨固定的诊断方法 :1物理检查 (动态喉镜 ) ;2喉肌电图 ;3直接喉镜下被动移动性试验。本文介绍了单侧杓状软骨固定伴喉后部开放所致严重呼吸性发音困难的治疗 ,即用内镜将外展位固定的杓状软骨内收的新技术。该作者回顾了 5年内 (1994～ 1999)内镜下杓状软骨复位术治疗的 8例病人 ,平均年龄 4 5 .9岁 ,均有呼吸性发音困难或失音。患者术前和术后的嗓音数值由言语病理师进行分析。应用 5点分级法 :1声音正常 ;2声音接近正常 ;…     

电子鼻咽喉镜直视下环杓关节拨动复位术治疗环杓关节脱位的疗效分析

目的 探讨电子鼻咽喉镜直视下环杓关节拨动复位治疗的疗效,为环杓关节脱位的治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2016年9月—2021年3月收治17例明确诊断为单侧环杓关节脱位并在局部麻醉下经电子鼻咽喉镜直视下环杓关节拨动复位术的患者临床资料,比较拨动复位前后电子鼻咽喉镜检查、发声障碍指数量表(VHI-10)及听觉感知(GRA...     

婴幼儿环杓关节脱位的临床分析[论著]

目的　探讨静脉吸入复合全麻联合利多卡因局麻在可视喉镜下杓状软骨闭合复位治疗环杓关节脱位的临床疗效。方法　分析2018年2月～2019年10月间8例环杓关节脱位接受静脉吸入复合全麻联合利多卡因局麻下杓状软骨复位术的患者资料，其中全身麻醉气管插管导致7例，喉部肿物所致1例。所有患者均行电子纤维检查，见不同程度的声带运动障碍，其中7例为左侧，1例为双侧；杓状软骨向前移位者7例，向后侧移位者1例。静脉吸入复合全麻联合利多卡因局麻下，根据电子纤维喉镜和可视喉镜提示的脱位方位以剥离子进行复位，手术结束前即时进行复位效果评估。结果　患儿术前有声音嘶哑、气促或呼吸困难，术中评估均复位成功，术后电子纤维喉镜复查声带运动恢复正常。结论　婴幼儿环杓关节脱位时间长不是复位治疗的禁忌证；静脉吸入复合全麻联合利多卡因局麻的可视喉镜下杓状软骨复位是治疗婴幼儿环杓关节脱位的有效方法。     

全身麻醉下环杓关节复位术8例分析

全身麻醉下气管插管致环杓关节脱位属医源性并发症,患者于全身麻醉后出现明显的喉功能障碍。若未予治疗,日久则环杓关节固定,可致永久性发声困难。环杓关节脱位为气管插管造成的继发性损伤之一,在临床上较为少见,估计发生率0．029％。经间接喉镜或直接喉镜环杓关节复位术仍是治愈此症的主要方法,但有时复位效果不佳,影响发声效果。近5年来,我院经全身麻醉气管插管后发生环杓关节脱位8例,采用全身麻醉喉镜下行环杓关节复位术后,疗效显著。报告如下。     

全麻支撑喉镜下喉内镜手术中并发症的处理

目的 分析支撑喉镜下喉内镜手术中并发症的病因及处理.方法 总结分析2000年1月～2007年10月,我科住院的91位患者,全麻监视器下连接支撑喉镜与喉内镜,施行喉部微创手术出现并发症的原因及处理.结果 术后共出现并发症12例.1例重度喉痉挛并发症患者行气管切开术;另1例因广泛声门部水肿而窒息;其他并发症有牙齿脱落、牙齿松动、声带损伤等.结论 全麻支撑喉镜下喉内镜手术应加强围手术期的监测与治疗,警惕全麻苏醒期出现的严重并发症.若拔除气管插管中出现窒息,应面罩加压给予纯氧.根据病情再次插管人工通气或环甲膜切开或气管切开术等,以抢救患者的生命.     

气管插管后环杓关节半脱位的诊断和治疗

目的　提高对气管插管后环杓关节半脱位 (AS)诊断和治疗的认识。方法　分析了 10例AS的症状、体征及电视频闪喉镜表现 ;所有患者均在表麻下行环杓关节拔动复位术 ,同时服用类固醇激素和阿斯匹林 2周。随访 2～ 6年。结果　患者症状为气管插管拔管后出现声嘶 ,检查可见声带固定 ,声带突高低不一 ,患侧声带振动存在。伤后 40天内就诊治疗 9例 ,拔动复位后杓部对称 ,声门闭合良好 ,嗓音恢复正常 ;1例伤后 4个月就诊者 ,多次拔动失败后 ,行甲状软骨板成形术Ⅰ型 ,嗓音得以改善。结论　病史及电视频闪喉镜检查可早期诊断AS。关节复位术是首选治疗方法。类固醇激素及阿斯匹林在治疗中有重要的辅助作用     

牵引扭转术治疗环杓关节脱位

临床治疗环杓关节脱位的方法较多,各有所长,但就诊晚,脱位时间久者关节因黏连复位难以完全成功.20世纪90年代以来,我们采用牵引扭转术配合综合疗法治疗外伤所致的环杓关节脱位28例,取得了较满意效果,现报道如下.     

可调式支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难患者的喉显微外科手术

目的：探讨支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难患者喉显微外科手术安全有效的方法。方法2012年7月～2015年6月65例术前评估为声门暴露困难的成年患者中有62例（95．38％）在经支撑喉镜行喉显微外科手术中发生声门暴露困难,其中,声带息肉42例,声带囊肿9例,声带淀粉术变5例,声带重度不典型增生4例,声带高分化鳞癌2例;回顾性分析这62例患者的临床资料,对完成喉显微外科手术的方法进行分析。结果62例患者术中使用普通支撑喉镜均声门暴露困难,58例（93．55％,58／62）改用可调式电视支撑喉镜顺利完成手术,其中,10例加深麻醉深度配合30°内镜并按压喉体使声门暴露完全完成手术,但有5例患者术后出现不同程度的咽后壁损伤;1例伴小颌畸形的声带广基息肉患者手术未成功,改为表面麻醉电子喉镜下完成手术;1例牙列不齐并装有烤瓷牙的患者及2例声带癌患者改行无气管切开喉裂开术。结论支撑喉镜下声门暴露困难者大部分可通过带内镜的可调式电视支撑喉镜安全有效地暴露声门,部分患者可同时经支撑喉镜侧通道放入30°内镜辅助暴露声门,以完成各类喉显微外科手术。     

支撑喉镜联合鼻内镜下声带良性增生性病变切除术疗效观察

目的观察全麻支撑喉镜联合鼻内镜下声带良性增生性病变切除术的疗效。方法在全麻支撑喉镜联合鼻内镜下对140例声带良性增生性病变患者行声带病变切除术,术后禁声2周,抗炎激素雾化治疗3～5天,随访半年～1年,观察其疗效。结果 140例中,治愈130例(92.86%,130/140),好转7例(5%,7/140),无效3例(2.14%,3/40),总有效率为97.86%。术后随访6月～1年,1例喉乳头状瘤患者半年后复发,3例声带小结及1例声带息肉患者术后1年再发。结论全麻支撑喉镜联合鼻内镜下切除声带良性增生性病变,其术野清晰,操作精确,效果良好。     

会厌根入路杓间区神经鞘瘤切除二例北大核心CSCD

本文分析了2例杓间区神经鞘瘤患者的临床表现及诊疗过程。例1患者声音嘶哑1年,咽喉部异物感,术前检查示杓间区占位,手术时先行支撑喉镜检查,术中冰冻怀疑为神经鞘瘤,再采用会厌根入路,切除杓间区肿瘤,修复创周黏膜,会厌复位缝合。例2患者声音嘶哑伴咽部不适,当地医院行支撑喉镜下喉肿物切除术并确诊为神经鞘瘤,术后2个月因复发转入我科,考虑既往手术史,直接采用会厌根入路切除,充分暴露、逐步分离并切除杓间区肿瘤,修复创周黏膜,缝合固定裂开的甲状软骨板。2例手术均顺利完成,术后随访患者发音良好,无复发。会厌根入路对该区域病变的手术是一种不错的选择。     

Endoscopic arytenoid repositioning for unilateral arytenoid fixation

OBJECTIVES: To describe a new endoscopic technique for medialization of the laterally fixed arytenoid. The surgical technique, endoscopic arytenoid repositioning, is described, and the results of a series of cases are discussed. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Eight patients underwent the procedure. Six patients were available for long-term follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative voice ratings were compared to evaluate the success of the procedure. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 64 months (mean follow-up, 31.5 mo). RESULTS: Long-term follow-up in six cases revealed that 67% (4 of 6) patients had normal or near-normal postoperative voices and one patient experienced moderate improvement. The mean preoperative voice score was 4.24, and the mean postoperative voice score was 1.83 (range, 1-5). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic arytenoid repositioning is a newly described procedure with a very specific indication: a unilateral, laterally fixed arytenoid complex resulting in a severely dysphonic voice. Though technically demanding, this procedure provides a promising option for medialization of the posterior glottis in a scarred larynx.     

杓状软骨复位术治疗环杓关节脱位的临床分析

摘要：目的探讨环杓关节脱位的临床特性以及杓状软骨复位的治疗技术。方法回顾性分析2014年7月~2017年4月收治的17例环杓关节脱位患者进行杓状软骨复位治疗的临床资料,分析其病因、治疗手法、诊治时机及疗效。结果17例患者中2例1次复位成功,3例2次复位成功,其余12例均行3~4次复位治疗,其中6例关节活动未能完全恢复正常,但所有患者发音质量GRBAS评分均有明显改善。结论杓状软骨复位是治疗环杓关节脱位的有效治疗方法,病程越短相对复位效果越满意,但较长病程患者进行复位治疗仍有助于嗓音改善。

     

Sling arytenoid adduction

The purpose of this study was to describe a simplified arytenoid rotation technique and to test its applicability in excised human larynges. A non-absorbable monofilament thread is slung around the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage through an external approach. During visual control through flexible endoscopy, two needles and a wire loop needle threader are the only instruments needed. Thread tensioning and fixation results in a stabilized arytenoid adduction. This technique avoids cricothyroid joint disarticulation and leaves the thyroid cartilage intact. The practicability of the technique was proven in five excised larynx experiments. In two clinical cases, the muscular process was slung and pulled with a monofilament thread. Tension in the vector direction parallel to the LCA muscle showed an effective and stable arytenoid rotation with complete closure of the posterior glottis. The rotational effect following sling arytenoid adduction (SAA) is similar to conventional arytenoid adduction surgery outcome. However, SAA is performed from an external approach and avoids dissection of cartilage. Challenging dissections to reach the muscular process are avoided. In some cases of unilateral vocal fold immobility, arytenoid rotation may be performed by using the SAA technique, which allows for an external and extralaryngeal approach. Further studies should assess the clinical value of this technique. In principal, the wire loop needle threader can also be employed for external vocal fold lateralization procedures.     

Glottic configuration after arytenoid adduction

It has been recently noted that laryngeal paralysis results in a complex alteration of the glottis. The membranous segment of the paralyzed vocal fold is shortened, and, during phonation, patients use hyperfunction to shorten the normal vocal fold to about the same length. Additionally, if the paralyzed vocal fold is not near the midline, the angle between the membranous and cartilaginous segments of the vocal fold is decreased, resulting in a “posterior” gap which cannot be closed by hyperadduction of the normal side. To determine whether arytenoid adduction addresses these problems, videolaryngoscopy was analyzed in 11 patients before and after surgery, and results were compared to patient satisfaction and acoustic and aerodynamic assessment. The posterior gap and glottic competence were improved in all patients, but only 6 had improvement in symptoms. Two had persistent vocal fold bowing but achieved good function after Teflon® injection. Three patients, all with paralysis for more than 20 years, had no increase in vocal fold length and very little subjective vocal improvement. Arytenoid adduction is most effective in acute cases. Poor functional results in chronic paralysis are related to failure to achieve vocal fold lengthening, presumably due to soft-tissue contracture.     

Physiologic assessment of arytenoid adduction.

Arytenoid adduction as described by Isshiki is a surgical technique used to improve vocal quality by adducting the arytenoid cartilage of a paralyzed vocal fold, medializing the fold, and closing the posterior glottic aperture. Surgical results of this operation were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative voice recordings, laryngoscopy, and stroboscopy. Objective measurements of vocal jitter, shimmer, and signal to noise ratio were done to assess changes in the vibratory patterns, and analysis of data from 12 patients revealed improved glottic function postoperatively. Often an anterior medialization procedure, primarily a type I thyroplasty, was used to supplement the posterior medialization achieved by adduction of the arytenoid. Arytenoid adduction is recommended as an effective and reliable treatment for posterior glottic insufficiency.     

Cricoid chondrosarcoma presenting as arytenoid hypertelorism

BACKGROUND: Arytenoid hypertelorism (arytenoid cartilages spaced too widely apart) appears to be the most common initial recognizable physical finding of cricoid chondrosarcoma. Nine cases from the Center for Voice Disorders are presented. With arytenoid hypertelorism caused by cricoid chondrosarcoma, usually the posterior larynx is open. In fact, patients with arytenoid hypertelorism caused by cricoid chondrosarcoma may be aphonic even though the anterior membranous vocal folds make contact during attempted phonation. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2002, nine patients were diagnosed with cricoid chondrosarcoma. Patients' charts and video examinations were retrospectively evaluated for symptoms and the presence of arytenoid hypertelorism on endoscopic evaluation. Two were women, and seven were men, with a mean age of 70 (range 53-72) years at diagnosis. RESULTS: Eight (88%) patients had aphonia or dysphonia caused by arytenoid hypertelorism as their presenting symptom. Six were diagnosed after failed medialization laryngoplasty or other laryngeal rehabilitation surgery. All nine patients had a low-grade tumor. The initial treatment in eight patients was hemicricoidectomy, and one patient had a total laryngectomy. In four cases, a second procedure was needed 1 to 6 years later because of recurrence. Seven patients are alive without clinically significant disease; one is alive with moderate disease, and one has died from an unrelated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Severely dysphonic, elderly patients presenting with arytenoid hypertelorism of unknown cause should be evaluated by fiberoptic laryngoscopy and by computed tomography scan to rule out cricoid chondrosarcoma. Because these tumors behave so benignly, the authors recommend conservative surgery (unilateral hemicricoidectomy) as the diagnostic/treatment modality of choice.