我国傣族青少年应对风格的调查研究

目的探讨我国傣族青少年应对风格的特点及其影响因素。方法采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·应对风格分量表》对云南景洪和江西685名傣族青少年进行问卷调查。结果随着年级的升高,傣族青少年的应对风格逐渐趋于成熟,但在个别因子上．高年级学生出现了不利于适应和健康的应对;男生比女生更多采用情绪表达应对（t=3．49,P〈0．01）;独生子女比非独生子女更多采用理智合理化应对（t=2．22．P〈0．05）．非独生子女比独生子女更多采用情绪行为应对（t=-2．02,P〈0．05）;贫困家庭的比非贫困家庭的较少采用行为生理应对（F=2．73,P〈0．05）,而较多选择否认压抑应对（F=2．80．P〈0．05）。结论傣族青少年的应对风格具有自己独有的民族特色。     

青少年思维方式与应对方式的关系

目的:探讨青少年思维方式特点与应对方式的关系。方法:使用修订后的应对方式问卷与中国人思维方式问卷对783名初中与高中学生施测,并对思维方式的特点以及思维方式对应对方式的影响进行方差分析。结果:青少年思维方式问卷得分高中组高于初中组(59.1±8.6/56.3±8.3,F=19.88,P=0.000),单亲家庭高于双亲家庭(57.6±6.5/54.5±9.1,F=3.89,P=0.049);高辨证思维得分青少年应对方式量表的五个维度得分较辨证思维得分低者高(F=5.1106-39.88,P<0.01)。低辨证思维得分学生中,非独生子女比独生子女更少地使用自我感受的应对方式(2.0±0.8/2.1±0.7);高辨证思维得分学生中,非独生子女则比独生子女更多地使用自我感受的应对方式(2.5±0.8/2.3±0.8)。低辨证思维得分学生中,下岗职工子女比在岗职工子女更多地使用自我感受的应对策略(2.8±1.0/2.0±0.7,P<0.01);辨证思维得分高的青少年则正好相反。结论:青少年思维方式对其应对方式存在显著影响;思维方式与家庭情况共同影响青少年的应对方式。     

青少年家庭功能的发展特点及其与心理健康的关系

目的考察青少年家庭功能的发展特点及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用家庭功能量表和SCL-90对西安市的928名中学生进行问卷调查。结果在家庭功能的沟通、父母控制和父母关注维度上,女生得分低于男生(2.34±0.86/2.48±0.84,t=5.86,1.29±0.64/1.30±0.55,t=4.77,1.99±0.99/2.25±1.00,t=15.8,P<0.05、0.01);在沟通维度上不同年级学生得分差异有显著性(F=3.43,P<0.05),高一学生得分高于初一(2.51±0.85/2.32±0.86),在父母控制维度各年级得分差异有显著性(F=7.5,P<0.01),初一年级得分多于高一年级(2.35±1.04/2.04±0.98)。回归分析发现,家庭功能的冲突与和谐、沟通及父母控制维度可正向预测个体心理健康状况(标准回归系数=6.155、0.144、0.124)。结论女生的家庭功能状况好于男生,初一年级的家庭功能状况最好;家庭功能的冲突与和谐、沟通和父母控制维度均可显著预测个体心理健康水平。     

上海市青少年应对方式的调查研究

目的 调查青少年应对方式，为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法 用应付方式问卷（CPS）对上海市1416名青少年学生进行施测。结果 ①青少年学生对挫折和应激情境以积极应对方式为主；②在选择应对方式上，存在着性别和年龄差异；③独生子女与非独生子女之间存在差异；④完整型与非完整型家庭中的青少年学生在应对方式的选择上也存在着差异。结论 在开展青少年心理健康教育时，要充分考虑青少年应对方式的差异。     

不同群体的应激、应对与心理健康

目的：探讨不同受教育程度、性别、年龄群体的应激、应对与心理健康水平。方法：用自编社会应激事件调查量表、简易应对量表、SCL-90症状自评量表对某集团4745名员工进行问卷调查。结果：低等受教育程度群体的社会应激、积极应对、消极应对、SCL-90总分均最低，高等受教育程度群体的社会应激、积极应对、消极应对得分最高；男性的社会应激、积极应对、消极应对得分高于女性，SCL-90总分低于女性；年轻群体的社会应激和SCL-90总分得分高于年龄较大的群体。结论：后期的教育培训可能会改善心理健康水平。     

控制感在应对过程中的作用--一个关于应激应对风格的模式

1. 控制感对个体的积极作用 心理学家长期以来认为控制感是人类的一个基本的内在动机.这种动机表现在人类希望能够通过自己的行为预知和改变环境;希望行为能够产生自己渴望得到的结果[1,2].在与外界环境交往时,这种动机如果得到满足,个体将体验到控制感的存在.相反,个体将感到对外界没有控制,即个人的行为不能影响外界环境的变化.     

护士工作压力、应对方式与心理健康水平的关系

目的：考察护士工作压力源、工作压力、应对方式与心理健康水平的关系。方法：采用方便取样法，使用护士工作压力源量表、Folkman和Lazarus的应对方式量表（WOC）和一般健康问卷（GHQ-20）对某省六所医院的599名护士进行调查。结果：医院护士的丁作压力源共有五个维度，即专业性质压力、工作量压力、护理技术要求压力、护患关系压力和护理管理及医护关系压力。护士工作压力、应对方式和心理健康水平存在人口学差异．工作年限长、担任护士长职务和大专以上学历的护士工作压力更大，工作年限长和大专以上学历的护士更倾向于使用积极的压力应对方式，一般护士的心理健康水平更高。工作压力和应对方式对心理健康水平有预测作用。护理工作量及环境资源维度的工作压力越大，护士的自我肯定水平越低，自我肯定水平低的护士更倾向于寻求社会支持；护理工作性质维度压力越大，护士抑郁水平越高，积极使用理智应对方式的护士，抑郁水平较低；在护理丁作性质、工作量和医护人际关系三个维度的工作压力较大的护士．焦虑水平均较高。结论：护士的工作压力水平和应对方式对心理健康水平的三个维度有不同的预测作用。     

朝鲜族青少年心理健康素质调查

目的调查朝鲜族青少年心理健康素质状况。方法运用教育部《大学生心理健康测评系统》课题组编制的《青少年心理健康素质调查表》对辽宁省不同城市朝鲜族聚居区689名青少年进行分层整体取样调查。结果①朝鲜族青少年心理健康素质个性素质、动力系统、归因风格分量存在显著的年级差异;②朝鲜族青少年的动力系统、自我、认知风格和归因风格分量表存在显著的性别差异。结论①不同年级朝鲜族青少年个性素质、动力系统、归因风格发展水平不同;②男、女生的动力系统、自我、认知风格和归因风格发展水平不同。     

地方院校大学生应对方式特点研究

目的了解地方院校大学生的应对方式特点,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用应付方式问卷（CSQ）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、社会支持量表（SSQS）对605名大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生在应对方式上趋于成熟;不同院校大学生在解决问题、自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子上差异显著（P＆lt;0.01）;来自城市与农村的大学生在在求助、自责、幻想、退避因子上差异显著（P＆lt;0.05）;大学生应对方式因子与SCL-90所有因子呈显著相关（P＆lt;0.01）,与社会支持因子存在相关（P＆lt;0.01）。结论根据应对方式特点,提高应对方式水平,开展心理健康教育。     

青少年网络成瘾者的应付方式特征

互联网使用可能使青少年的学业成就（认知发展）、情绪情感发展、行为活动等受到消极的影响。本文探讨了青少年网络成瘾者的应付方式特征。     

Coping style

The fit of patient coping style and psychotherapy focus has been suggested as improving treatment outcome. This article reviews the definitions, measures, and previous research surrounding this hypothesis. An original meta-analysis of 12 carefully selected studies (N = 1,291 patients) resulted in a weighted, mean effect size (d) of .55 in favor of a fit between externalizing patients and symptom-focused treatment or, alternatively, internalizing patients and insight-focused treatment. This medium-size effect indicates that nondiagnostic patient factors, like coping style, are important considerations in the selection of effective therapies. Clinical examples and clinical recommendations are provided.     

青少年应对方式量表的修订

目的：修订青少年应对方式量表并考察其基本特征。方法：选取了初中和高中年级的青少年1013名，使用修改后的应对方式量表进行探索性因素分析与验证性因素分析，并对不同年龄、性别、家庭情况的青少年的应对方式进行的t检验。结果：量表包括5个因素，共解释方差45．17％；验证性凶素分析显示量表的结构效度较好，RMSEA=0．067：t检验发现不同年龄、性别、家庭情况对青少年的应对方式存在显著效应。结论：青少年应对方式量表具有较好的信度与效度．并且其基本特征存在年龄、性别等差异。     

Coping style of individuals with functional dyspepsia

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study described here were to 1) examine the coping style of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and 2) adopt a new interview questionnaire to examine the extent of discriminativeness in the use of coping strategies across different stressful situations. METHODS: A matched case-control design was adopted to compare differences among a target group of 30 patients with FD, a pain control group of 30 patients with rheumatism, and a control group of 30 healthy persons. A new interview questionnaire, the Coping Flexibility Interview Schedule, was used to assess subjects' experience of stressful life events, use of coping strategies, and perceived severity of major FD symptoms. RESULTS: Subjects with FD perceived their experienced stressors as more uncontrollable and as having a greater impact (p < .05). They also used more direct-action strategies but fewer divert attention, acceptance, social support, and relaxation strategies when handling stressful life events (p < .05). A significant group-by-controllability interaction effect was found (p < .001), indicating that FD subjects tended to use coping strategies nondiscriminatively, whereas both rheumatic and healthy subjects tended to use coping strategies more discriminatively across stressful life events of different extents of controllability. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that FD patients are characterized by a nondiscriminative, action-oriented coping style. The implications of this finding for the extant body of research and the advantages of using our interview questionnaire, which has a more flexible format, are discussed.     

青少年网络成瘾与其应付方式的关系

互联网的使用促进了人类社会、经济和科技的发展,但因使用不当,造成网民心身健康损害的问题,特别是青少年网络成瘾,已经逐步得到了社会和学术界的重视.本文对网络成瘾的定义、青少年应付方式与网络成瘾的关系作了初步概述.     

Measuring Coping in Adolescents: An Application of the Ways of Coping Checklist

Administered a modified version of the Ways of Coping Checklist to 306 adolescents to examine the reproducibility of a five-factor structure that had been previously established using adults. Four of these factors were confirmed: Problem Focused, Seeks Social Support, Wishful Thinking, and Avoidance. However, the factor Blamed Self was not supported Adolescents typically identified stressful situations involving school, family, and social contexts, whereas they infrequently depicted issues related to health and recreational activities. Subjects commonly identified issues concerning themselves or their parents and less frequently described stressful situations regarding a boyfriend/girlfriend, peer, or supervisor. Females identified stressful episodes involving a boyfriend/girlfriend more often than did males. Females tended to employ Seeks Social Support and Wishful Thinking coping strategies, whereas males used more Avoidance. African-American children used more coping strategies than did Caucasian children and more frequently appraised a stressful episode as one that could be changed.     

中学生自我评价与应对方式的相关研究

目的:探讨中学生的自我评价及其与应对方式之间的关系。方法:采用中学生自我评价问卷、应对方式问卷对1024名中学生进行问卷调查。结果:①在学习自我评价方面,初中生得分显著高于高中生、班干部得分显著高于非班干部,男生得分显著高于女生;在人际关系自我评价方面,男生得分显著高于女生、班干部得分显著高于非班干部、独生子女得分显著高于非独生子女;在外貌自我评价方面,男生得分显著高于女生、班干部得分显著高于非班干部(P<0.05-0.01)。②除消极外部应对之外,自我评价的三个维度对其他三类应对方式具有不同的预测作用。结论:性别、年级等人口学变量对中学生自我评价的三个维度均有不同程度的影响,并且,自我评价与中学生的应对方式之间存在较高的相关。     

青少年慢性肾病综合征患者应付方式

个体在高应激状态下,如果缺乏支持和良好的应付方式,则心理损害危险度可达43 3 %,为普通人群的2倍[1 ] 。慢性肾病综合征(ChronicNephriticSyn drome下简称CNS)由于其疾病的易复发性,不但对身体造成损害,而且对其心理健康亦造成一定的损害。本文对14-15岁的3 0例CNS患者的应对方式进行了研究。一般资料:所有病例均来自于儿科住院病人。年龄均在14岁以上。住院在2次以上。共调查3 0例病人为研究组,其中14岁19例,15岁11例;男2 0例,女10例。另选3 0名正常青少年为对照组,其中14岁18例,15岁12例;男2 1例,女9例。采用症状自评量表(SCL -90…     

Coping style influences compliance with multidisciplinary pain management

The treatment of chronic pain disorders has become multifaceted in recognition of the complexities of chronic pain. However, few models have emerged to predict patients' response to treatment. This study examined a path model of pain treatment outcome, incorporating the variables of coping style and treatment compliance. Results indicated that the suppression of negative emotion was associated with greater treatment compliance, whereas amplification of negative emotion was found to be associated with poorer treatment compliance. An aggressive coping style was found to be associated with poor treatment compliance. In turn, poor compliance predicted poor pre-/post-treatment functional capacity. Moreover, a path model incorporating compliance as a mediator between coping styles and functional impairment revealed an excellent model fit when compared to a path model with no mediators.     

Coping and cognitive processing style in HIV-positive subjects

BACKGROUND: People's reactions to traumatic events are mediated by their subjective style of coping. This is of particular importance for HIV+ patients, mainly in the first phases of the disease. This work aimed at examining whether an 'acceptance' style of coping, as opposed to a 'mental disengagement' style, selectively influences the first stages of the processing of neutral, emotional and HIV-related information. METHOD: Two groups of 11 HIV+ asymptomatic subjects were chosen according to their coping strategies, acceptance or mental disengagement, as measured by Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced (COPE). Twenty-two patients completed the Emotional Stroop Task and an incidental memory recognition task containing neutral, emotional and HIV-related stimuli. RESULTS: Analysis of reaction times (RTs) on the Emotional Stroop Task showed that HIV+ subjects have longer RTs for emotional and HIV-related than for neutral words. Instead, no effect was found as regards interaction with style of coping. CONCLUSION: Results confirmed a processing bias of emotional information, whereas Acceptance and Mental disengagement strategies, as measured by the COPE scales, did not appear to influence information processing.