A perspective from Bolivia on the implications of the World Report on Disability for people with communication disabilities

Abstract

Implications of the World Report on Disability for people with communication disabilities (PWCD), as described by , include a drive for better demographic information, increased campaigning, and organizational change to improve speech-language pathology services. Qualitative data collected from PWCD and their families in Bolivia provide the baseline for this response. The benefits of collecting population survey information are recognized, but data reinforce the continued need to ensure a positive impact at caseload level. In a country where rhetoric is far removed from lived experience, the starting points for change are very different from those in Minority world countries. A supply and demand model is suggested as an equitable way of balancing efforts to overcome barriers to a better service. Knowledge and information are shown to be key in catalyzing the demand side for the service, while the importance of a solid evidence base for practice would help to improve supply. Although a warning against importing dominant Minority world models of service delivery is outlined by Wylie et al., findings from Bolivia support a more hybrid and nuanced approach that takes into account complex global influences of information flows, past and present.     

Accessible market: a prototype for people with disabilities in Thailand

Purpose.?Most Thai people like to purchase food at local markets; however, the accessibility to local markets by people with disabilities may be limited. The objective of this work was to develop a prototype of an accessible market for people with disabilities in Thailand, by performing a case study on a selected market in which people with disabilities often go.

Methods.?Representative players participated in this study: a market owner, food stall owners, assistive technology specialists, general customers, and customers with disabilities. Data were collected by observing environmental features in the market, and by interviewing the participants.

Results.?The results indicated that people with disabilities could not access the market because of lack of suitable parking zone, lack of ramps, walkways with obstacles, unsuitable public restrooms, the lack of zoned area for the food court and of standards for food stalls.

Conclusion.?After analysis of the data, a prototype was designed for parking spaces, ramps, walkways, public restroom, food court, and food stalls to make the market accessible.     

The evolving role of community nurses for people with learning disabilities: changes over an 11-year period

Aims and objectives. To provide an overview of the changes in the caseload and working practices of community nurses for people with learning disabilities (CNLDs) over an 11‐year period within one region of the UK. Background. Recent reviews of government policy within the UK and internationally have highlighted the need to promote inclusion and health facilitation for people with learning disabilities (intellectual disabilities). The CNLDs have been highlighted as having an integral role in achieving these objectives. However, little is known about the current role of community nurses and how this has evolved over the past decade. Designs and methods. A survey design was used in which the total population of CNLDs within one region of the UK were asked to complete a postal questionnaire. Results. Forty community nurses in Northern Ireland completed questionnaires. This provided information about 1559 people with learning disabilities on their current caseloads. Results showed less involvement with children, more focus on adults with physical and mental health needs and nurses often appeared to have a monitoring rather than an active clinical role. Data also identified an increasing caseload size and a pattern of referral largely from within learning disability services. Conclusions. The role of CNLDs has altered in Northern Ireland over the past 11 years with some evidence of a reorientation towards a more health‐oriented focus. Further consideration needs to be given to how well this will meet the changing needs of people with learning disabilities and their families in light of the increasing emphasis on the provision of inclusive services. Relevance to clinical practice. Community nurses need to review their current role, caseload management and links to primary and acute care if the policy objectives of inclusive services and health facilitation are to be achieved. It will also be necessary to revise their education preparation in light of the changing role of CNLDs.     

我国残疾人精准康复服务行动实施效果评估

目的 评估我国残疾人精准康复服务行动实施效果。方法 使用第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据、2017-2021年中国残疾人事业统计年鉴数据及其他官方统计数据,从组织体系建设、康复管理系统建设、康复服务能力建设与康复服务利用4个方面对我国残疾人精准康复服务行动进行评估。结果 实施残疾人精准康复服务行动以来,我国自上而下的精准康复组织体系基本建立;康复管理系统在全国覆盖使用,但操作规范和数据质量有待优化;康复服务能力稳步提升,满足残疾人多样化康复需求;获得基本康复服务的残疾儿童及持证残疾人总数总体呈上升趋势,康复服务精准性不断提升。结论 我国残疾人精准康复服务行动前期已取得较好成效,应当在此基础上扩大康复服务资源供给,提升康复服务能力;加大康复服务的经济保障力度;总结精准康复典型案例,着力提升公众的康复意识。应当强化政府责任意识,健全精准康复工作机制;促进康复服务区域协调发展;大力发展社区康复。     

A systematic review of photovoice research methods with people with intellectual disabilities

Background

Photovoice is an arts-based participatory action research methodology that is growing in popularity. Our aim was to systematically review photovoice research with people with intellectual disabilities to describe the current ‘state of the art’ and identify areas for further methodological consideration.

Methods

We searched five databases using search terms relating to photovoice and intellectual disabilities. Thirty one studies met inclusion criteria. We used thematic analysis to identify common themes.

Findings

The themes identified—adaptations to the photovoice method, collaboration, participation and power, impact and outcomes—explored how far the ‘voice’ and agency of participants with intellectual disabilities taking part in photovoice research were supported and whether photovoice lived up to its promise as ‘action’ research.

Conclusion

Photovoice creates opportunities for self-representation of people with intellectual disabilities through photography. Participants could be further supported to engage with researchers in critical reflection on findings and collaborate on tangible outcomes.     

Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities: the role of basic psychological need fulfillment and workplace participation

Purpose: Knowledge on what contributes to job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities is limited. Using self-determination theory, we investigated whether fulfillment of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, competence) affected job satisfaction, and explored associations between workplace participation, need fulfillment and job satisfaction.

Method: A total of 117 persons with intellectual disabilities, recruited from a Dutch care organization, were interviewed on need fulfillment at work and job satisfaction. Data on workplace participation was obtained from staff. Questionnaires were based on well-established instruments.

Results: Basic psychological need fulfillment predicted higher levels of job satisfaction. Level of workplace participation was not associated with need fulfillment or job satisfaction.

Conclusions: Allowing workers with intellectual disabilities to act with a sense of volition, feel effective, able to meet challenges, and connected to others is essential and contributes to job satisfaction. It is needed to pay attention to this, both in selection and design of workplaces and in support style.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Knowledge on factors that contribute to job satisfaction is necessary to improve employment situations and employment success of people with intellectual disabilities.

• In order to achieve job satisfaction, it is essential that workplaces allow for fulfillment of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence of people with intellectual disabilities.

• People with intellectual disabilities are able to report on their needs and satisfaction, and it is important that their own perspective is taken into account in decisions regarding their employment situation.

     

正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受效果的系统综述北大核心CSCD

目的系统评价正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受的效果。方法检索2010年1月1日至2020年11月31日Web of Science、EBSCO、APA PsycInfo、Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection、Medline、CNKI、Wanfang数据库关于正念训练与残疾人心理康复的研究。筛选文献,进行质量评定并提取文献资料,对正念训练改善残疾人情绪和心理接受的效果进行综述。结果共纳入15项研究,涉及64个独立效应量,1065例被试。主要涉及精神残疾、智力残疾、肢体残疾和言语残疾。常用的正念训练方案是正念认知行为疗法、正念减压疗法、正念太极拳和正念瑜伽等。正念训练对残疾人的效果主要表现为缓解焦虑/抑郁,提高对于消极体验的接受性等。结论正念训练可以辅助改善残疾人的负性情绪,提高残疾人心理接受水平,进而促进身心健康,提高生活质量。     

Placing people in the same room is not enough: An interprofessional education intervention to improve collaborative knowledge of people with disabilities

This study evaluates a continuing interprofessional education (CIPE) intervention designed to improve the skills and knowledge related to managing people with disabilities (PWD) in the educational, healthcare, and social insurance systems, and to improve shared knowledge and promote inter-organisational collaboration. The intervention comprised both on-site and online courses where participants could design their own curriculum based on their perceived needs. A longitudinal survey study was conducted with questions about knowledge of other organisations’ work with PWD, knowledge concerning disability policies, competence in meeting PWD, shared values across organisations, and inter-organisational collaboration. Participants’ knowledge about disability, disability policy, and how other organisations work with PWD significantly increased after the intervention. Changes in shared values, attitude towards inter-organisational collaboration, or effects on actual collaboration could not be determined. The results suggest that CIPE interventions where participants are allowed to form customised curriculums may increase general knowledge about disability among professionals. Results on knowledge of and collaboration with other organisations were less conclusive, where this may be explained by an educational setting that included little interaction between course participants. To promote professional exchange and experiential learning activities, contextualized educational settings that place more focus on interaction between participants may be advised.     

Workplace accommodations for persons with physical disabilities: evidence synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature

Purpose: To identify and synthesize research evidence on workplace accommodations used by employers to recruit, hire, retain, and promote persons with physical disabilities.

Method: A structured search of six electronic journal databases was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed literature on the topic published from January 1990 to March 2016. Articles describing or evaluating workplace disability accommodation policies and practices were given a full-text review. Topic experts were contacted to identify additional studies.

Results: Details on specific accommodations described in 117 articles were synthesized and organized into three groups comprised of a total of 12 categories. The majority of studies did not rigorously evaluate effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of the accommodations under study.

Conclusions: This evidence synthesis provides an overview of the peer-reviewed literature of value to occupational rehabilitation professionals and employers seeking guidance on workplace accommodation policies and practices for persons with physical disabilities. A wide range of accommodation options is available for addressing physical, social, and attitudinal barriers to successful employment. Besides physical/technological modifications, accommodations to enhance workplace flexibility and worker autonomy and strategies to promote workplace inclusion and integration are important. More comprehensive reporting and evaluations of the effectiveness of accommodations in research literature are needed to develop best practices for accommodating persons with disabilities.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• There is a substantial peer-reviewed literature that provides insights into the barriers for persons with physical disabilities and the workplace accommodation practices to address them, though rigorous evaluations of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are uncommon.

• Attitudinal and social barriers stemming from stereotypes, ignorance and lack of knowledge are as important as physical barriers to employment for persons with physical disabilities.

• In addition to physical/technological modifications, accommodations to enhance workplace flexibility and autonomy of a worker, as well as strategies to promote workplace inclusion and integration may facilitate successful employment of persons with physical disabilities.