Background: International nursing curriculum development can be interpreted as a sanctioned extension of transnational, cross-cultural, political and economic professional outreach activities.
Method: Extensive literature searches were conducted in the CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO and ABI/INFORM Global databases of the key terms: relationship-building; international; curriculum development; and nursing.
Findings: The review revealed developing international nursing curricula through cooperative partnerships between institutions of higher learning and/or international development agencies provides a vehicle to build international collegial relationships among nursing faculty and professionals worldwide. A summary is provided in a table.
Conclusions: Relationship-building through the development of international nursing curricula merits focused investigation. 相似文献
Methods: In the fall of 2016, we searched Psycinfo (OVID), ERIC, CINAHL and Web of Science to identify studies that used participatory photography with children with disabilities. The search was repeated in January 2018 to retrieve any new publications. The first author extracted data that described the characteristics of each study and the modifications used.
Results: Of the 258 articles identified, 19 met inclusion criteria. Participants ranged from 4–21?years old and had a variety of disabilities. Study topics included education, leisure activities and adulthood. Researchers modified participatory photography to enhance accessibility by: modifying cameras; providing individual training; teaching consent through role play; allowing children to direct adults to take photographs; including additional forms of media; using diaries and questionnaires; providing individual interviews with simplified questions; using multiple forms of communication; and modifying how photographs are shared.
Conclusions: Participatory photography can be an effective method for studying the lived experiences of children with disabilities, particularly those with communication impairments. Methodological modifications can enhance the accessibility of this approach for this population.
- Implications for Rehabilitation
Participatory photography may be an effective qualitative research method for learning about the perspectives and experiences of children with disabilities on a wide array of topics.
There are many specific modifications that researchers can use to support the inclusion of children with disabilities in participatory photography research.
The findings of studies that use participatory photography methodology may provide rehabilitation professionals with important insights into the lives of children with disabilities.
Background
In 2007 WHO/UNAIDS issued new HIV testing guidelines recommending ‘provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling’ (PITC). In contrast to existing ‘voluntary counselling and testing’ guidelines (whereby individuals self refer for testing), the PITC guidance recommends that, in countries with generalised epidemics, all patients are routinely offered an HIV test during clinical encounters. In sub-Saharan Africa, PITC aims to dramatically increase HIV testing rates so that PITC becomes a vehicle to increase access to HIV prevention and care. Nurses in this region work on the frontlines of HIV testing but have been neglected in related policy development.Aim
To provide an overview of the PITC policy guidance and to critically consider its implications for the nursing profession in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods
Policy documents and published and unpublished research were identified from organisational websites, electronic databases and conference proceedings.Results
PITC has generated widespread debate about whether it is the right approach in a context of HIV-related stigma and lack of human/material resources. Key concerns are whether/how informed consent, privacy and confidentiality will be upheld in overstretched health care settings, and whether appropriate post-test counselling, treatment and support can be provided. Limited available evidence suggests that health systems factors and organisational/professional culture may create obstacles to effective PITC implementation. Specific findings are that:- •
- PITC greatly increases nurses’ workload and work-related stress.
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- Nurses are generally positive about PITC, but express the need for more training and managerial support.
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- Health system constraints (lack of staff, lack of space) mean that nurses do not always have time to provide adequate counselling.
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- A hierarchical and didactic nursing culture affects counselling quality and the boundaries between voluntary informed consent and coercion can become rather blurred.
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- Nurses are particularly stressed by breaking bad news and handling ethical dilemmas.
Conclusion
Three areas are identified in which the PITC implementation process needs to be strengthened: (i) research/audit (to explore nurse and patient experiences, to identify best practice and key obstacles), (ii) greater nurse participation in policy development, (iii) strengthening of nurse training and mentoring. 相似文献
下载免费PDF全文 Background
Mortality studies can help reduce health inequalities by informing public policy through a better understanding of causes of death and comorbidities. Mortality studies often rely on Medical Certificates of Cause of Death (MCCD) for data.Method
A systematic review was undertaken to identify the extent and nature of issues in recording causes of death for people with intellectual disability on MCCD.Results
Fifteen of the 25 articles included in the literature review raised concerns about the accuracy of MCCD in identifying the cause(s) of death of people with intellectual disability. The most frequent issues were the under‐reporting of intellectual disability on MCCD, and listing intellectual disability or an associated condition as an underlying cause of death.Conclusions
Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of MCCD for people with intellectual disability raise questions about mortality data based on MCCD. Clear guidance is required from WHO for those completing MCCD for people with intellectual disability. 相似文献Methods: A total of 132 studies were screened from an existing database.
Results: Only 22 studies featured follow-up periods and met eligibility criteria. At follow-up, studies typically reported at least one significant health outcome that was maintained (n?=?18/21; 86%). However, significant health outcomes accounted for only 32% of the total volume of outcomes that were measured at follow-up. For physical activity-based outcomes, six studies (n?=?6/8; 75%) reported that intervention gains were maintained throughout follow-up. The incorporation of technology or behaviour change strategies appeared to be linked with sustainable intervention effects.
Conclusions: Overall, some evidence demonstrated that post-intervention effects were sustainable. However, the strength of the evidence was weak and several existing gaps in knowledge were identified. Moreover, most studies did not focus on sustainability, but instead emphasised short-term effects of exercise participation on health and physical activity outcomes. Study findings call for greater research and programme efforts to maintain health, function, and physical activity behaviour after supports provided by research studies are removed.
- Implications for rehabilitation
Short-term exercise programmes may require additional strategies designed specifically to enhance the sustainability of exercise outcomes and physical activity participation.
Incorporating technology within exercise interventions may enhance the likelihood of sustaining health and function outcomes.
Exercise programmes framed within behaviour change theory can equip individuals with the appropriate strategies necessary to maintain their physical activity participation.