Inter-relationships of nutrient intakes for urban Chinese spouses in Taiwan

This study was to examine dietary intakes and the inter-relationships in urban Chinese spouses in Taipei, Taiwan. We analyzed the dietary intakes and related household factors for 82 wives and their husbands by 24-h recalls and a Chinese food frequency questionnaire (CFFQ) designed with meal sequences in Taipei, Taiwan. The distributions of energy assessed from CFFQ by meals were similar for husbands and wives, with 16% for breakfast, 39% for lunch, 40% for dinner and 5% for snacks (afternoon and evening combined). Assessed by 24-h recalls, the means for total energy, the energy per kilogram body weight, and the percent energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate were different: 2394 kcal, 34.4 kcal/kg, 31%, 15%, and 51% for husbands; and 1729 kcal, 32.0 kcal/kg, 34%, 16%, and 50% for wives, respectively. The P/M/S (polyunsaturated fat/monounsaturated fat/saturated fat) ratios were 1.5/1.2/1 for husbands and 1.3/1.2/1 for wives. A high eating-out frequency may account for the low correlations for most nutrient intakes between husbands and wives. Canonical correlation analysis for total energy, protein and carbohydrate reveals significant inter-relationships between husbands and wives. Carbohydrate is the consistent and important variable that weighted in an opposite direction with protein and energy intakes in both husbands and wives. These results support the observation that decreased rice consumption as a staple food, cooked at home, for urban Chinese couples, indicated by decreased carbohydrate intake in wives, may account for the increase of energy and protein intakes for husbands.     

Use of Household Supermarket Sales Data to Estimate Nutrient Intakes: A Comparison with Repeat 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

Electronic supermarket sales data provide a promising, novel way of estimating nutrient intakes. However, little is known about how these data reflect the nutrients consumed by an individual household member. A cross-sectional survey of 49 primary household shoppers (age [mean±standard deviation age]=48±14 years; 84% female) from Wellington, New Zealand, was undertaken. Three months of baseline electronic supermarket sales data were compared with individual dietary intakes estimated from four random 24-hour dietary recalls collected during the same 3-month period. Spearman rank correlations between household purchases and individual intakes ranged from 0.54 for percentage of energy from saturated fat (P<0.001) to 0.06 for sodium (P=0.68). Other correlation coefficients were: percentage of energy from carbohydrate, 0.48; and protein, 0.44; energy density of nonbeverages, 0.37 (kcal/oz); percentage of energy from total fat, 0.34; sugar, 0.33 (oz/kcal); and energy density of beverages, 0.09 (oz/kcal; all P values <0.05). This research suggests that household electronic supermarket sales data may be a useful surrogate measure of some nutrient intakes of individuals, particularly percentage of energy from saturated and total fat. In the case of a supermarket intervention, an effect on household sales of percentage energy from saturated and total fat is also likely to impact the saturated and total fat intake of individual household members.     

Food and nutrient intakes and their associations with lower BMI in middle-aged US adults: the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

BACKGROUND: Clinical trial data show that reduction in total energy intake enhances weight loss regardless of the macronutrient composition of the diet. Few studies have documented dietary patterns or nutrient intakes that favor leanness [BMI (in kg/m(2)) ≤25] in free-living populations. OBJECTIVE: This investigation examined associations of usual energy, food, and nutrient intakes with BMI among US participants of the International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). DESIGN: The INTERMAP is an international cross-sectional study of dietary factors and blood pressure in men and women (ages 40-59 y) that includes 8 US population samples. The present study included data from 1794 Americans who were not consuming a special diet and who provided four 24-h dietary recalls and 2 timed 24-h urine collections. Multivariable linear regression with the residual method was used to adjust for energy intake; sex-specific associations were assessed for dietary intakes and urinary excretions with BMI adjusted for potential confounders including physical activity. RESULTS: Lower energy intake was associated with lower BMI in both sexes. Univariately, higher intakes of fresh fruit, pasta, and rice and lower intakes of meat were associated with lower BMI; these associations were attenuated in multivariable analyses. Lower urinary sodium and intakes of total and animal protein, dietary cholesterol, saturated fats, and heme iron and higher urinary potassium and intakes of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and magnesium were associated with lower BMI in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The consumption of foods higher in nutrient-dense carbohydrate and lower in animal protein and saturated fat is associated with lower total energy intakes, more favorable micronutrient intakes, and lower BMI.     

Food, beverage, and macronutrient intakes in postmenopausal Caucasian and Chinese-Canadian women

International differences in breast cancer rates and diet, and studies in migrants, suggest that diet may be a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine the dietary intakes of women from populations considered to be at different risks for breast cancer. We collected four 24-h food recalls in 3 groups of postmenopausal Canadian women: Caucasians (n = 392), Chinese women born in the West or who migrated to the West before age 21 (n = 156), and recent Chinese migrants (n = 383). Compared to Caucasians, recent Chinese migrants had lower energy and fat intakes and higher protein and carbohydrate intakes. Recent Chinese migrants consumed higher amounts of grains, vegetables, fish, and soy and lower amounts of alcohol, meat, dairy products, and sweets than Caucasians. Western-born Chinese and early Chinese migrants had intakes intermediate between the other 2 groups. The differences in intake between the ethnic groups suggest foods and nutrients that may contribute to the differences in risk of breast cancer between women in Canada and China. Future work will examine whether these dietary differences are associated with biological markers of breast cancer risk.     

Menstrual-cycle patterns in energy and macronutrient intake

For 14 subjects drawn from the Beltsville One-Year Dietary Intake Study, patterns of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, protein/1000 kcal, fat/1000 kcal, and carbohydrate/1000 kcal were examined across pre- and postmenstrual periods. Individual subjects contributed data for one to four menstrual periods. Energy, fat, and fat/1000 kcal intakes were significantly higher in the 10 premenstrual days than in the 10 postmenstrual days. After elimination of effects attributable to between-subject differences and to balance periods included in the Beltsville study, fitted sine curves explained 14% and 25% of the variance in energy and fat intakes, respectively, across 14 premenstrual and 14 postmenstrual days, and 20% of the variance in fat/1000 kcal. Independent patterns were identified in absolute and relative protein intake. No patterns were discerned for carbohydrate. Physiological or behavioral factors appear to influence both total food intake (energy intake) and food selection (macronutrients/1000 kcal) across the menstrual cycle.     

青岛市居民膳食结构和营养状况调查

目的了解青岛市城乡居民的膳食结构和营养状况。方法利用青岛市首次居民营养与健康状况调查资料，对72个调查点2160户居民进行家庭膳食调查（城市720户，农村1440户），以个人72h膳食回顾结合家庭调味品称重获取膳食信息。结果青岛市居民平均每人日摄入能量9．6810，蛋白质68．3g，脂肪90．8g，维生素C摄入充足；硫胺素和核黄素偏低；钙530．2mg，占推荐膳食供给量（Recommended Dietary Allwance，RDA）的66．3％。膳食能量的47．3％来自谷类，蛋白质的43．5％来自谷类。脂肪提供总能量的35．3％，动物脂肪占膳食脂肪的35．0％。结论青岛市居民平均已摄入了足够的食物，改善居民的膳食模式应以调整不平衡膳食结构为主要目的。     

1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入及营养素来源比较

  目的  了解1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入和能量的营养素来源及变化特征。  方法  分析1982年全国营养调查和2010—2013年中国居民营养与健康状况监测(简称“2012年营养调查”)中参加膳食调查的6~17岁儿童的膳食摄入情况。1982年的膳食信息连续5 d采用家庭食物称重记账法收集,2012年的膳食信息连续3 d采用24 h膳食回顾与3 d家庭油、盐、调味品称重相结合方法收集。  结果  从1982年到2012年,中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量日平均摄入量由(2 216.5±19.0)kcal/d下降至(1 766.4±30.6)kcal/d(t=45.05, P＜0.001);碳水化合物供能比由(73.7±0.4)%下降至(55.5±0.6)%(t=102.10, P＜0.001);蛋白质供能比由(10.8±0.1)%增加至(12.3±0.2)%(t=-33.40, P＜0.001);脂肪供能比由(15.2±0.3)%增加至(33.2±0.5)%(t=-105.22, P＜0.001)。脂肪供能比超过宏量营养素可接受范围上限(30%)的6~17岁儿童比例由1982年的6.1%增加至2012年的59.8%。  结论  2012年和1982年相比中国6~17岁儿童膳食能量摄入水平下降,三大宏量营养素供能比例发生变化,碳水化合物供能比减少,蛋白质和脂肪供能比增加。应充分利用政策支持,结合学校、家庭和社会多方面力量广泛开展营养宣传教育,引导6~17岁儿童合理饮食,调整城乡6~17岁儿童饮食结构。     

深圳居民膳食结构与膳食营养素摄入状况研究

目的了解深圳居民的膳食结构、营养素摄入现状,为制定卫生政策和指导居民合理饮食提供科学依据。方法 2009年6—7月,运用多阶段整群随机抽样法,抽取深圳市8个行政区中73个社区,每个社区抽取120户居民中15岁以上常住居民（每户随机抽1人,共8 782人）,再从中抽取50%对象进行膳食调查。采用食物频率法获取调查对象过去1年各种食物食用频率和食用量。结果共调查3 500人。深圳居民平均每标准人日摄入豆类、水果、奶类分别为15.4、154.3、95.4 g,低于推荐食物摄入量;畜禽肉类、食用油、食盐分别为169.3、41.1、6.6 g,高于推荐食物摄入量。深圳居民每标准人日摄入能量2 537.8 kcal,占RNIs的112.8%;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的摄入量分别为86.01、10.7、293.2 g,提供能量的比例分别为13.6%、39.2%、47.2%;核黄素和硫胺素摄入量分别为1.2、1.0 mg,分别占RNIs的92.3%和76.9%;钙和钠的摄入量分别为689.74、129.9mg,分别占RNIs的86.2%和187.7%。动物性食物提供的蛋白质占48.8%,脂肪中动物性脂肪占54.7%。结论深圳居民能量、蛋白质、脂肪及大多数营养素的摄入量基本充足,但钙、核黄素和硫胺素的摄入仍然不足,且脂肪的摄入量过多,而碳水化合物的摄入量不足。仍需加强合理营养、平衡膳食的宣传教育,防止营养相关慢性病发病率持续上升。     

Reported dietary intakes of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: limitations of dietary recall.

Reported dietary intakes were assessed in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We studied 44 IDDM patients (24 males, 20 females, mean +/- SD age 13.2 +/- 4.5 yr) and compared them with 44 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. Estimated intakes from 24-h dietary recall were analyzed in relation to body weight and degree of diabetes control. The reported energy intake of the IDDM patients with greater than 120% ideal body weight (IBW) for height was 66, 59/88% (where X = geometric mean, L1 = lower confidence limit/L2 = upper confidence limit) of recommended daily allowance (RDA), whereas those with IBW less than 120% reported 90, 67/120% (p less than 0.01). Patients with increased weights in comparison with IBW had higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (11.9 +/- 2.7%) than those with weights more appropriate for IBW (9.7 +/- 2.4%, p less than 0.025). IDDM patients reported overconsumption of protein and fat, but their carbohydrate intake was low. Analysis of dietary recalls revealed high protein intake (X +/- SD, 20.0 +/- 5.0% of total calorie intake), especially in older (27 +/- 4%) compared with younger (19 +/- 2%-19 +/- 4%, p less than 0.01) patients. Proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat did not correlate with variations in body weight and/or HbA1c. The reported intake of protein per kilogram body weight was not significantly different between appropriate-weight and overweight IDDM patients. There was no significant difference in reported total energy intakes of IDDM patients compared with their healthy control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Nutrient intake and food consumption among medical students in Greece assessed during a Clinical Nutrition course

The objective of this study was to determine nutrient intake and food consumption patterns among medical students at the University of Crete, Greece. As part of the Clinical Nutrition course from 1989 to 2001, a total of 951 third-year medical students (500 male, 451 female) aged 22+/-2 years underwent dietary interview, during which individual 24-h dietary recalls were taken. The students also completed a questionnaire on smoking habits, and anthropometric measurements were performed. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess differences in nutrient and food group intake between lower and higher fat eaters. Analysis of covariance was used to study relationships between nutrient intakes and tobacco use, adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index. The mean daily energy intake was 2493 kcal (10437 kJ) for males and 1675 kcal (7012 kJ) for females. The contribution of total fat to energy intake was 40% in each gender. Lower fat eaters (/=46.0% of total energy). Smokers had higher intakes of energy (P<0.05) and saturated fatty acids (P<0.01), and lower intakes of fiber (P<0.001), folate (P<0.05) and vitamin C (P<0.001) than non-smokers/ex-smokers. Our results indicate a need for Greek medical students to improve their dietary and health habits. Dietary assessment could be used to enhance nutrition education in medical schools.     

Dietary assessment instruments for preschool children: reliability of parental responses to the 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

Nutrient intakes of preschool-age children were assessed with a 24-hour dietary recall and a 3-month food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Parents of 55 preschoolers (mean age = 4.25 +/- 0.59 years) completed the recall and FFQ on two occasions 1 week apart. The recalls and FFQs were analyzed for energy, cholesterol, protein, total carbohydrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, and saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats; each nutrient was expressed as raw value, value per kg body weight, and value per 1,000 kcal. Test-retest reliability estimates for the 24-hour recall indicated significant variability in reported total energy intake, but stable reports of intake were observed for one or all units of expression for polyunsaturated fats, cholesterol, protein, total carbohydrate, calcium, and potassium. The FFQ showed significant positive test-retest reliability estimates for all nutrients for all units of expression. Comparison of the recall and FFQ data showed similar percentages of intakes of energy from fat, carbohydrate, and protein and significant correlations for reported intakes of cholesterol, protein, calcium, and potassium. Comparison of the recall and FFQ data with recall data from a comparable cohort showed lower reported intakes for our sample, with the exception of protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and potassium. If validation studies are successful, the FFQ may be useful in epidemiological studies of preschoolers' intakes over extended periods. The recall may prove to be a useful tool in the assessment of day-to-day variations in macronutrient intakes.     

Photo-Assisted Recall Increases Estimates of Energy and Macronutrient Intake in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Diet assessment of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities is challenging because of their limited cognitive abilities. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility and outcomes of combining photos with 24-hour dietary recalls for the assessment of energy and macronutrient intakes in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Participants used an iPad 2 tablet computer (Apple) to take photos of all food and beverages consumed before a standard, multiple-pass, 24-hour dietary recall. After the standard 24-hour diet recall, the photos were reviewed with the participant for clarification details (eg, portion size) and differences were recorded. The standard 24-hour recall and photo-assisted recall were entered separately into the Nutrition Data System for Research for computerized dietary analysis. Sixty-four eating occasions were entered from 23 participants (48% female; mean age 26.4±9.7 years). Participants captured photos for 66.5%±30.4% of all recorded eating occasions. Greater energy intake per eating occasion was reported with the photo-assisted recalls than the standard recalls (625.6±85.7 kcal vs 497.2±86.6 kcal; P=0.002) and a greater intake of grams of fat (P=0.006), protein (P=0.029), and carbohydrates (P=0.003). Photo-assisted 24-hour recalls provided a significant increase in total calories and macronutrient content compared with a standard 24-hour recall and may be a feasible method to enhance dietary assessment in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.     

银川市某私立学校学生膳食营养状况

目的了解私立学校学生膳食营养状况，为改善学生膳食结构提供科学依据。方法用记帐法和称量法调查某私立学校住宿学生1007名的膳食情况。结果平均每人每日能量和各种营养素摄入量为：能量13．05Mj（3120kcal），蛋白质85．4g，脂肪92.6g，碳水化合物486.2g。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物供能比分别为10.96％，26．64％，62．30％，蛋白质供能占总能量比例低于12％。常量及微量元素中钾、钠、磷、镁、铁、铜、锰及维生素PP均达《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》（DRIs）要求，但维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E、钙、锌、硒摄入量不足。结论应加强平衡膳食和合理营养的教育，逐步改善学生的营养状况。     

Trends and Urban-Rural Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition among Chinese Children: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991 to 2015)

The nutrition status of children is gaining more attention with a rapid nutrition transition. This study aimed to investigate trends and urban-rural differences in dietary energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese children. A total of 7565 participants aged 6 to 17 years were obtained from three rounds (1991, 2004 and 2015) of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The individual diet was evaluated via three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). From 1991 to 2015, there was a significant increase in children’s fat intake, the proportion of energy intake from fat, and the proportion of children with more than 30% of energy from fat and less than 50% of energy from carbohydrates (p < 0.001). Compared with the DRI, the proportion with higher fat and lower carbohydrate intakes were, respectively, 64.7% and 46.8% in 2015. The urban-rural disparities in fat and carbohydrate intake gradually narrowed, while the gap in protein intake increased notably over time (p < 0.001). Chinese children experienced a rapid transformation to a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Urban-rural disparities persistently existed; further nutritional interventions and education were of great significance, so as to ensure a more balanced diet for Chinese children.     

Validation of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire administered in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: comparison of energy, protein, and macronutrient intakes estimated with the doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, and repeated 24-h dietary recall methods.

BACKGROUND: The validation of dietary assessment instruments is critical in the evaluation of diet as a chronic disease risk factor. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the validity of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire by comparison with dietary recall, urinary nitrogen excretion, and total energy expenditure data. DESIGN: Over a 1-y period, data from twelve 24-h dietary recalls, a food-frequency questionnaire, and four 24-h urine samples were obtained from 134 study participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study in Potsdam, Germany. In a substudy of 28 participants, total energy expenditure from doubly labeled water measurements was assessed. RESULTS: Energy-adjusted, deattenuated correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the recalls ranged from 0.54 for dietary fiber to 0.86 for alcohol. Cross-classification of quintiles of nutrient intakes from the questionnaire and recalls indicated severe misclassification to be <4%. Reported protein intake correlated with estimated protein excretion (r = 0.46). Energy intake and total energy expenditure were also significantly correlated (r = 0.48); however, all but one subject underreported their energy intake. The magnitude of underreporting varied considerably, by 22% on average, and increased slightly with increasing energy intake. A similar pattern of underreporting was observed when energy intakes from the 24-h dietary recalls were compared with total energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an acceptable relative validity of the food-frequency questionnaire in this study population. Compared with measurements of total energy expenditure and protein excretion, however, only moderate agreement with both the food-frequency questionnaire and the 24-h dietary recalls was observed.     

食物频率问卷法评估人群能量和营养素摄入量的准确性验证

目的:食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估人群膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性进行验证。方法:使用3d称重法(WFR)和FFQ收集北京市130名35～49岁健康成人食物摄入资料,计算出其能量和营养素的摄入量并加以比较。结果:由食物WFR计算到的研究对象能量摄入为9.6MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入分别为82.1、87.5和269.7g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为9.7MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入量分别为88.3g/d、113.9g/d和248.8g/d,两种方法调查的膳食能量、蛋白质及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估27.2%),碳水化物摄入量则被低估(低估10.8%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于WFR,但低估维生素E、铁和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,除维生素C、胡萝卜素和视黄醇当量外,均与WFR显著正相关,相关系数在0.22~0.51之间,但在调整年龄、性别和膳食能量摄入量的影响后,FFQ对膳食脂肪、维生素B1、钠和磷摄入量的估计与WFR相关的显著性消失。结论:FFQ可以用于评估膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化物、维生素A、维生素B2、尼克酸、钾、钙、锌和硒的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、视黄醇当量、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E、钠、铁和磷的摄入量。     

Macronutrient and selected vitamin intakes from complementary foods of infants and toddlers from Cebu, Philippines

Intakes of macronutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and vitamins (vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C) (per day and per 100 kcal) from complementary foods by a cohort of Filipino breast-fed infants and toddlers (n=1794) were studied at 10, 16, and 22 months of age using a single 24-h recall. With the exception of protein, intakes of energy and vitamins for all age groups were below the World Health Organization estimated needs and desired nutrient densities from complementary foods regardless of breast-feeding frequency. Nutrient deficits were greater for rural children compared with urban children, and were attributed to low intakes of energy, as well as cellular animal protein, fruits and vegetables.     

Metabolizable energy in humans in two diets containing different sources of dietary fiber. Calculations and analysis

The metabolizable energy (ME) of two high fiber diets, providing between 33 and 74 g dietary fiber (DF) per day, was calculated by application of Atwater's general factors (4, 9 and 4 kcal/g protein, fat and carbohydrate, respectively), Merrill and Watt's specific factors, and the British approach in which ME from carbohydrates is calculated by multiplication of the monosaccharide equivalent by 3.75 kcal/g. These factors were applied to the intakes of fat, protein and carbohydrate of 20 human subjects in two balance experiments. ME estimated by Merrill and Watt's factors agreed better with ME estimated in the balance experiment than did ME calculated by Atwater's factors or by the British approach. It was calculated that the DF in diet A, derived mainly from cereals, contributed 2.5 +/- 1.4 kcal/g to ME of the diet. The corresponding figure for DF in diet B, derived mainly from beans, vegetables and fruits, was 3.1 +/- 1.2 kcal/g. It was concluded that Merrill & Watt's factors represent the best system in current use for calculation of ME in DF-rich diets.     

The Status of Dietary Energy and Nutrients Intakes among Chinese Elderly Aged 80 and Above: Data from the CACDNS 2015

This study analyzed the status of dietary energy and nutrients intakes among the oldest-old in China. Data was obtained from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015 (CACDNS 2015). We enrolled 1929 Chinese elderly people aged 80 and above who participated in both 3-day 24-h dietary recalls and household condiments weighing. The dietary intakes were calculated based on Chinese Food Composition Tables and assessed using Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The dietary intakes of energy and most nutrients were all below the EAR or AI, except for fat, vitamin E, niacin, iron and sodium. As a result, daily dietary intakes of energy and most nutrients were inadequate in the oldest-old in China, especially vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, folate and calcium, with the prevalence of deficiency more than 90%. Furthermore, the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin C, zinc, selenium and magnesium was also high with the proportion below the EAR more than 60%. Approximately 30% of the subjects with dietary vitamin E intake did not reach AI, and more than 90% of subjects have reached AI in the intake of sodium, while more than 90% did not reach AI in potassium. The mean intakes of niacin and iron have reached EAR, but around 15% were still faced with the risk of deficiency. In addition, although the dietary energy intake was below EER, the energy contribution from fat in total population and all subgroups (region, age, gender, education level, material status, household income level groups) all exceeded the recommended proportion of 30% from the DRIs and close to or over 35%, is a significant concern. For the majority of nutrients, higher daily dietary intakes and lower prevalence of deficiencies were found in the oldest-old living in urban areas, aged 80–84 years, with high school and above education level, living with spouse and from high household income family. These findings indicates that the dietary intakes of energy and nutrients were inadequate, while the energy contribution from fat and dietary sodium intake were too high among the oldest-old in China. Most oldest-old were at high risk of nutritional deficiency, particularly for those who living in rural areas, with lower education level and from low household income.