Pain perception during the rehabilitation phase following traumatic hip fracture in the elderly is an important prognostic factor and treatment tool

Purpose. To evaluate the role of pain perception on admission to geriatric rehabilitation on the functional recovery after rehabilitation treatment in elderly patients with hip fracture and on the length of stay.

Method. One hundred and sixty-five community dwelling elderly 65-year-old and over (mean age of 78 years), following recent operated traumatic hip fracture without clinical evidence for another acute medical or surgical condition were assessed regarding age, sex, chronic medical conditions, pre-fracture functional status, type of fracture and of operation, pain perception, and cognitive status. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS). Functional status was measured using the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM). Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were assessed using the Katz index.

Results. The average VAS score on admission was 7.38 ± 1.20 and on discharge 3.67 ± 1.18. Pain on admission inversely correlated to family support, function prior to fracture and cognitive status on admission, and correlated positively with depressed mood. With every increase of one point in VAS on admission above 4 points, the FIM on discharge decreased by 8.77 and the length of stay increased by 4.76 days.

Conclusions. Pain intensity may add a valuable dimension for the prognostic evaluation of the patients with hip fractures. Inadequate early patient assessment and associated treatment impact on the patients' functional outcome, prolonged duration of rehabilitation treatment, and therefore, in addition to socio-economic effect, increase the cost to the local health care setting.     

延伸护理在老年髋部骨折患者术后康复中的应用

目的:探讨延伸护理服务在老年髋部骨折术后康复中的应用效果。方法:将42例老年髋部骨折患者随机分为观察组22例和对照组20例,对照组患者出院时给予健康指导,观察组患者给予建立出院家庭访视档案,分别于出院后1周和出院后1,2,3个月进行家庭访视,给予心理护理、下肢功能锻炼、生活自理能力指导,3个月后比较两组患者焦虑发生率、下肢功能活动情况及生活自理能力等。结果:观察组患者焦虑发生率低于对照组(P0.05),下肢活动情况、生活自理能力均优于对照组(P均0.05)。结论:对老年髋部骨折患者出院后进行家庭访视康复指导,能延伸健康教育及提供优质护理服务,提高患者出院后康复治疗依从性及生活自理能力,减少并发症,从而促进患者康复。     

Case study of hip fracture in an older person

PURPOSE: To discuss proximal femoral (hip) fractures as the leading cause of hospitalization for injuries among older persons, using a case example that illustrates not only the orthopedic injury but also how an older person's chronic problems complicate the acute event. DATA SOURCES: Extensive review of scientific literature on the conditions discussed, supplemented by the case study. CONCLUSIONS: Hip fractures in older adults can present multiple challenges to care when complicated by preexisting or coexisting conditions. This case of an older man with a hip fracture emphasizes the resuscitation priorities for the patient found after a "long lie" and the impact of chronic alcoholism and malnutrition, which lead to serious complications. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Careful physical and psychosocial assessment is important for determining the presenting problem and comorbid conditions. Priorities for postoperative management of hip fracture and its complications guide the nurse practitioner through the successful return of the patient to the community.     

Five-year experience with the 'Sheba' model of comprehensive orthogeriatric care for elderly hip fracture patients

Background and purpose: The Sheba model of orthogerioatric medicine is a unique model of in-hospital care for elderly hip fractured patients, based upon the concept that a hip fracture represents a geriatric, rather than an orthopedic disease. The nature and feasibility of such a comprehensive orthogeriatric unit, taking care of all surgical, medical and rehabilitation needs, in a single geriatric-based setting (rather than orthopedic-based), were questioned. The aim of the study is to describe the results of its operation during a five-year period.

Method: A retrospective charts analysis of consecutive older patients with hip fractures, admitted from the emergency unit directly to the orthogeriatric unit of a department of geriatric medicine.

Results: A total number of 592 patients were admitted. Mean age of patients was 83.2 years, mostly women. A total of 538 (91%) were treated surgically. Delay to surgery was 3.6 ± 2.9 days. A total of 65.6% were suitable for rehabilitation, and had a mean Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain of 22.3 ± 7.9. Mean total hospital length of stay was 29.9 days and 68.7% of patients returned to their previous living residence. Rates of major complications (4.1%) and in-hospital mortality (3.2%, equivalent to 30 days mortality) were low.

Conclusions: Treatment within this unit was associated with low rates of major morbidity and mortality, short stay and acceptable functional outcomes. The data provide clinical evidence supporting the implementation of this model of comprehensive orthogeriatric care, being a practical, applicable and feasible service for elderly hip fractured patients, and covering the various needs of these patients. The present model of organization could also help in skillful use of economic resources, facilitating effective treatment strategies.     

老年髋部骨折术后病人抑郁及康复状况的研究

目的调查老年髋部骨折病人术后的抑郁状况,并探讨抑郁对其康复状况及生活质量的影响。方法选取北京市某三级甲等医院7l例髋部骨折术后复查的老年病人,应用老年抑郁量表调查病人的抑郁情况,应用Barthel指数、Harris髋关节功能评分评价病人的身体康复状况,应用健康状况问卷调查病人的生活质量状况。结果髋部骨折术后老年病人的抑郁发生率为39．44％。抑郁组的Barthel指数、Harris髋关节功能评分和健康状况评分（除外躯体疼痛和情感职能）均低于非抑郁组（P〈0．0l或P〈0．05）。结论老年髋部骨折术后病人抑郁发生率较高,抑郁会影响病人的术后康复状况。     

The impact of psychological factors in recovery following surgery for hip fracture

Purpose. To increase awareness of psychological factors in recovery from hip fracture and to describe strategies that can be used to help patients in the process of recovery.

Method and results. Psychological theory, case examples and clinical observation are used to propose three frameworks for understanding the psychological factors which can impede recovery. Indication of key strategies for assessment and intervention which can be used in rehabilitation services is provided.

Conclusions. An understanding of the psychological factors which can impede recovery in hip fracture is important for all professionals involved in rehabilitation. Psychologists can provide consultation and support for staff working in physical rehabilitation and can work directly with cases where there is complexity. There is still relatively little known about this important area and further research is needed to provide a clear evidence base.     

The impact of psychological factors in recovery following surgery for hip fracture

Purpose. To increase awareness of psychological factors in recovery from hip fracture and to describe strategies that can be used to help patients in the process of recovery.

Method and results. Psychological theory, case examples and clinical observation are used to propose three frameworks for understanding the psychological factors which can impede recovery. Indication of key strategies for assessment and intervention which can be used in rehabilitation services is provided.

Conclusions. An understanding of the psychological factors which can impede recovery in hip fracture is important for all professionals involved in rehabilitation. Psychologists can provide consultation and support for staff working in physical rehabilitation and can work directly with cases where there is complexity. There is still relatively little known about this important area and further research is needed to provide a clear evidence base.     

Influence of age,sex, fracture type and pre-fracture living on rehabilitation pattern after hip fracture in the elderly

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of background factors on the rehabilitation pattern after a hip fracture in the elderly.

Method: Prospective registration based on the Swedish national register for hip fracture patients called RIKSHÖFT/SAHFE (Standardised Audit of Hip Fractures in Europe). The place of living was registered both before fracture and during the following four months period (120 days). Graphs were calculated and drawn based on day-to‐day changes. Also influences of age, sex, fracture type and type of operation were analyzed.

Results: The patient's pre-fracture functional capacity as evidence by the place they were able to manage to live before the fracture was the most discriminating factor for the rehabilitation; more than sex, fracture type or type of operation. Age was also a highly discriminating factor with a pronounced influence on the rehabilitation pattern.

Conclusions: These background parameters are very important factors when planning the rehabilitation of hip fracture patients. A strategy with individualized planning of the rehabilitation procedure will be highly necessary in the future, in view of the increasing amount of elderly with hip fractures prognosticated during the coming decades. The knowledge about influencing factors here presented will be useful when planning and performing the rehabilitation for this resource-consuming group of patients.     

钢丝张力带固定加人工髋关节置换术在高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用

目的探讨钢丝张力带固定加人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法 2011~2013年收治的50例高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随机分为两组,各25例。对照组采用人工髋关节置换术治疗,观察组采用钢丝张力带固定加人工髋关节置换术治疗。对比观察两组的手术时间、卧床时间、切口长度、术中出血量、引流量和临床疗效及术后并发症发生率。结果观察组患者的手术时间和卧床时间均明显比对照组短,切口长度也明显比对照组短,术中出血量和引流量均明显比对照组少(P0.05);观察组患者的临床疗效优良率96.0%明显比对照组高(76.0%)(P0.05);观察组患者的术后并发症发生率8.0%明显比对照组低(32.0%)(P0.05)。结论钢丝张力带固定加人工髋关节置换术在高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用效果良好。     

Delirium is associated with poor rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fractures

The aim of this study was to describe risk factors for delirium and the impact of delirium on the rehabilitation outcome for patients operated for femoral neck fractures. Sixty‐one patients, aged 70 years or older, consecutively admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden for femoral neck fractures were assessed and interviewed during hospitalization and at follow up 4 months after surgery. Delirium occurred in 38 (62%) patients and those who developed delirium were more often demented and/or depressed. Patients with delirium were longer hospitalized and they were more dependent in their activity of daily living (ADL) on discharge and after 4 months. They had poorer psychological well‐being and more medical complications than the nondelirious. A large proportion of the patients who developed delirium did not regain their previous walking ability and could not return to their prefracture living accommodation. Delirium after hip fracture surgery is very common especially among patients with dementia or depression. This study shows that delirium has a serious impact on the rehabilitation outcome from both short‐ and long‐term perspectives. Because delirium can be prevented and treated, it is important to improve the care of elderly patients with hip fractures.     

人工髋关节置换术在高龄股骨颈骨折治疗中的应用效果

目的观察分析实施人工髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法从该院2008年4月至2011年6月收治入院的股骨颈骨折高龄患者中抽取86例,随机分为A组与B组,A组患者实施人工股骨头置换术,B组患者实施人工全髋置换术,对比观察两组患者手术情况及临床疗效。结果A组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间明显少于B组,术后Harris评分优良率低于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对高龄股骨颈骨折患者实施各种人工髋关节置换术,均具有理想的临床疗效,可根据患者情况综合考虑选择适宜术式,机体调节功能较差、手术耐受性较低的患者尤为适用人工股骨头置换术进行治疗。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后家庭康复与社会支持的关系研究

目的调查髋部骨折术后患者社会支持状况与家庭康复的相关性。方法采用社会支持评定量表,上门随访82名老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复现状和社会支持状况,分析其相关性。结果老年髋部骨折术后患者出院后客观支持得分为3.62±0.97,主观支持为19.22±3.79分,支持利用程度为12.78±3.63分。Harris髋关节评分与社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用二个维度呈正相关;FIM与社会支持总分和主观支持维度呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论良好的家庭关系是促进老年骨折患者康复的重要因素,护士应帮助患者提高社会支持水平,从而提高其生活质量。     

中老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术的围术期康复指导及护理对策

目的 探讨中老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术的围术期康复指导以及影响.方法 选择行髋关节患者术的中老年股骨胫骨骨折患者62例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各31例,对照组患者采取常规护理以及肌力训练,观察组患者采取康复指导及相应护理措施,比较2组随访1年后的疗效评分以及生活质量评分.结果 对照组患者疗效评定的优良率为64.52％,观察组患者疗效评定的优良率为93.55％,采用康复指导后的观察组患者的优良率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);生活质量评分方面,观察组患者在总生活质量以及躯体功能上显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而在心理功能、社会经济以及家庭上2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对中老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术患者实施早期康复指导以及相应的护理措施,能够有效促进患者的康复,并提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广使用.     

术后早期康复锻炼处方对股骨颈骨折患者髋关节功能康复的影响

目的探讨术后早期康复锻炼处方在股骨颈骨折患者术后髋关节功能康复中的应用。方法将采用术后早期康复锻炼处方的40例股骨颈骨折患者设为观察组,将采用术后常规护理的40例股骨颈骨折患者设为对照组,比较2组术后的疼痛情况、康复积极性以及恢复情况。结果观察组术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d的疼痛评分低于对照组,术后康复积极性高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的住院时间短于对照组,术后髋关节功能评分、生活能力评分以及髋关节功能优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术后早期康复锻炼处方能够提高股骨颈骨折患者术后康复锻炼的积极性,促进髋关节功能的恢复。     

老年髋部骨折延续护理的研究进展

文章归纳了老年髋部骨折患者的延续护理模式,包括家庭访视、电话随访、门诊随访和远程管理,阐述了老年髋部骨折延续护理的基本内容,并指出了几种开展模式在老年髋部骨折延续护理中的护理价值,以期为相关研究提供方向。     

Severe neurologic impairment and respiratory failure after fall and hip fracture in an elderly woman

Fat embolism syndrome is a rare complication of long bone fractures and orthopedic surgery. We report a case of a 90‐year‐old woman who developed severe neurologic impairment and respiratory failure few hours after an accidental fall complicated by fracture of the left femur neck and left humerus.