食管癌中P16、PCNA基因蛋白的表达及意义

 目的：探讨P16、PCNA基因蛋白表达与食管鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法：应用S-P免疫组织化学方法对84例食管鳞癌及10例正常食管组织分别检测P16蛋白、PCNA蛋白表达。结果：84例食管鳞癌中P16蛋白表达率为54.8%(47/84),P16表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期、术后生存期显著相关(P<0.05);PCNA表达阳性率与食管癌组织分化程度显著性正相关(P<0.05),淋巴结转移组显著高于未转移组,并与术后生存期互相关(P<0.01),与临床分期无显著相关。P16与PCNA表达呈反相关系(P<0.01)。结论：表明P16在食管癌生长、转移中起重要作用,P16、PCNA可作为判断预后的重要指标。     

p53、p16、增生细胞核抗原蛋白表达在食管癌术后放化疗选择中的意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨食管癌p53、p16、增生细胞核抗原（PCNA）蛋白表达及其与患者病理临床特征的相关性，为食管癌患者术后放射治疗和（或）化疗的选择提供依据 。方法　选择初治食管癌病例118例，对手术切除标本，用免疫组织化学染色SP法进行p53、p16、PCNA蛋白测定。结果　118例食管癌中，p53、 p16、PCNA蛋白阳性表达分别为80 %、42 %、97 %，p53、PCNA蛋白表达与患者的性别、病变部位、肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移均无相关性；而p16蛋白与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移有密切相关性（P＜0.01）； p53、PCNA蛋白同时表达70 %，亦与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关（P＜0.05和P＜0.01）。结论　在食管癌组织中，突变p53与PCNA蛋白表达，二者与患者的性别、病变部位、分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移均无关，不作为独立预后判断因素。食管癌p53、PCNA蛋白同时表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关，其与p16失活可视为危险预后因素，应行术后放射治疗和（或）化疗。     

食管癌组织中COX-2、p53和PCNA的表达及意义

目的 :研究食管癌组织中环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )、p53和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)的表达及意义。方法 :采用免疫组化染色 (EnVision及S P)法 ,检测 82例食管鳞状细胞癌、2 0例食管炎和 1 6例正常食管粘膜组织标本中COX 2、P53和PCNA的表达。结果 :82例食管癌组织中COX 2、p53和PCNA的阳性表达率分别为 87.8% (72 82 ) ,82 .9% (68 82 )和 95 .1 % (78 82 ) ,而癌旁及正常组织中均呈阴性表达。COX 2在高分化和中分化食管癌中的表达率显著高于低分化癌 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;无淋巴结转移者表达率高于有淋巴结转移者 (P <0 .0 5)。p53的过表达与浸润深度和淋巴结转移呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :COX 2、P53和PCNA的过表达可能均参与了食管癌的发生发展过程     

乳腺癌PCNA表达及临床病理意义

目的　研究PCNA在乳腺癌表达的临床病理意义及其与ER、PR、C erbB 2蛋白、nm2 3蛋白表达的相互关系。方法　应用微波修复免疫组化技术S P法检测了 82例乳腺癌中单克隆抗体PCNA的表达。结果　PCNA表达位于细胞核中 ,乳腺癌中PCNA过表达率为 48 78% (40 /82 ) ,其过表达与组织低分化、临床分期晚、有淋巴结转移及复发生存期短相关 ;与病人年龄、肿瘤大小、ER、PR、C erbB 2蛋白、nm2 3蛋白表达无关。结论　PCNA过表达情况可作为反映乳腺癌低分化及预后差的单独指标。     

E-cadherin和COX-2蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

  目的   研究胃癌及癌旁组织中E-钙粘附素(E-cadherin)和环氧合酶(cyclooxygenase: COX)-2的表达, 探讨蛋白表达与临床病理指标及与癌旁黏膜表达的关系。  方法   采用组织芯片及免疫组织化学技术, 对胃癌组织121例及118例和癌旁组织113例及111例。分别检测E-cadherin及COX-2, 并分析二者蛋白表达情况与临床病理指标相关性。  结果   胃癌E-cadherin阳性率为76.9%(93/121), 其表达降低与肿瘤大体分型(P=0.014)、Lauren分型(P < 0.001)、肿瘤分化(P=0.004)及pTNM分期(P=0.024)等显著相关, 分化差分期晚的肿瘤E-cadherin表达要显著低于分化好分期早的肿瘤。癌旁黏膜组织E-cadherin均呈阳性表达, 与肿瘤无显著相关。COX-2蛋白阳性率为38.1%(45/118), 其过表达与淋巴结转移相关(P=0.048), 有淋巴结转移的表达率高, 与其它病理指标无明显相关性。  结论   E-cadherin及COX-2分别从肿瘤分化、分期及淋巴结转移等方面预测胃癌患者预后, 二者互补, 联合应用可做为临床预后判断的参考指标。      

Stathmin蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨Stathmin蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其与肿瘤病理特征的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测56例大肠癌组织Stathmin蛋白的表达,同时选取16例大肠腺瘤组织作对照.结果:Stathmin蛋白在大肠癌中的阳性表达率为60.7%(34/56),明显高于大肠腺瘤组织的31.3%(5/16),P <0.05.Stathmin蛋白表达与肿瘤部位、大小、分化程度、Duke's临床分期及淋巴结转移均无明显相关,P >0.05.结论:Stathmin蛋白过表达与大肠癌的发生密切相关,但它不能作为判断大肠癌恶性程度的指标.     

食管上皮内瘤变及食管鳞状细胞癌组织COX-2、PCNA、CD44v6的表达及其生物学意义

目的 探讨不同食管病变组织中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、CD44v6、增生细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况及其临床表达特点,进一步了解其生物学意义.方法 采集山西省肿瘤医院病理科2003年至2005年手术切除标本并经病理证实的食管鳞状细胞癌(含有上皮内瘤变以及正常食管鳞状上皮组织)标本105例,用免疫组织化学SP法对组织中COX-2、CD44v6、PCNA蛋白进行检测.结果 在105例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,COX-2、CD44v6、PCNA蛋白的表达随着食管病变的加重而增加(P＜0.05).COX-2与食管癌分化程度和有无淋巴结转移相关.CD44v6在有淋巴结转移的食管癌组织中的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移者.COX-2的表达与CD44v6的表达有相关性.结论 COX-2、CD44v6以及PCNA蛋白的高表达与食管癌的发生有关.COX-2和CD44v6的表达情况可以作为判断食管癌预后的指标.在食管癌组织中COX-2的表达与CD44v6的表达呈正相关.     

食管癌p53、p16、PCNA蛋白表达的临床意义

[目的]探讨p53、p16、PCNA蛋白在食管癌中的表达及临床价值。[方法] 用免疫组织化学染色SP法对50例食管癌标本进行p53、p16、PCNA蛋白测定。[结果] 50例食管癌中，p53、PCNA蛋白阳性表达均为74％（37／50），P16缺失率52％（26／50）。p16缺失与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0．05、p〈0．01）。而p53、PCNA蛋白同时表达56％（28／50），亦与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0．05、p〈0．01）。[结论] 食管癌p53、PCNA蛋白同时表达及p16缺失可视为危险预后因素。     

Vimentin及Cyclin D1蛋白在肾母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Vimentin及Cyclin D1蛋白在肾母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义.方法使用免疫组化ABC法测定肾母细胞瘤和正常对照组中Vimentin及Cyclin D1蛋白的表达.结果Vimentin的表达仅在肾母细胞瘤组和正常对照组的上皮分化区中对比有显著差异(P＜0.05),其阳性表达率分别为93.9%(31/33)和40.0%(4/10).Vimentin强表达与肾母细胞瘤的组织学分级相关,低分化组强阳性率72.2%(13/18),比中度分化组37.5%(3/8)和高分化组14.3%(1/7)明显高;且Vimentin强表达与肿瘤预后密切相关,转移、复发组与无转移、复发组Vimentin强阳性率分别为76.5%(13/17)和25.0%(4/16),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).Cyclin D1蛋白在肾母细胞瘤组的上皮分化区中表达率为75.8%(25/33),而在正常对照组的相应表达率为40.0%(4/10),有显著性差异(P＜0.05),但二者在间叶分化区的阳性表达率无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且其表达与肿瘤组织学分级无关,同时Cyclin D1在转移、复发组和无转移、复发组中的强阳性表达率分别为58.8%(10/17)和18.8%(3/16),有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论Vimentin及Cyclin D1蛋白与肾母细胞瘤的发生有关,且Vimentin高表达与肿瘤分级程度及复发、转移等因素有关,此二者均可作为评估肾母细胞瘤预后的指标.     

p53蛋白与PCNA在胸腺上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨p5 3蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )在胸腺上皮性肿瘤中表达的意义及相互关系。方法　采用S P免疫组化法 ,检测良性胸腺瘤 18例 ,恶性胸腺瘤 16例 ,胸腺癌 16例的 p5 3蛋白与PCNA的表达。 结果　p5 3蛋白和PCNA的Ⅲ～Ⅳ级指数在 3组胸腺上皮性肿瘤中阳性表达率分别为 3 3 .3 % ( 6/18) ,62 .5 % ( 10 /16) ,81.3 % ( 13 /16)和 3 8.9% ( 7/18) ,68.8% ( 11/16) ,81.3 % ( 13 /16) ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;其阳性表达率与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p5 3蛋白和PCNA阳性表达率可提示肿瘤恶性程度及其侵袭力和转移能力。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。